全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5784篇 |
免费 | 564篇 |
国内免费 | 160篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 245篇 |
大气科学 | 637篇 |
地球物理 | 2048篇 |
地质学 | 2330篇 |
海洋学 | 337篇 |
天文学 | 402篇 |
综合类 | 188篇 |
自然地理 | 321篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 453篇 |
2017年 | 393篇 |
2016年 | 275篇 |
2015年 | 165篇 |
2014年 | 132篇 |
2013年 | 160篇 |
2012年 | 675篇 |
2011年 | 461篇 |
2010年 | 148篇 |
2009年 | 159篇 |
2008年 | 154篇 |
2007年 | 139篇 |
2006年 | 141篇 |
2005年 | 847篇 |
2004年 | 893篇 |
2003年 | 676篇 |
2002年 | 192篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 54篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
1951年 | 2篇 |
1948年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有6508条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is considered one of the most powerful forces driving anomalous global weather patterns. Large-scale seasonal precipitation and temperature changes influenced by ENSO have been examined in many areas of the world. The southeastern United States is one of the regions affected by ENSO events. In this study, remote sensing detection of vegetation response to ENSO phases is demonstrated with one-kilometer biweekly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data (1989–1999) derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR). The impacts of three ENSO phases, cold, warm and neutral, on vegetation were analyzed with a focus on two vegetation cover types, two seasons and two geographic regions within the southeastern U.S. Significant ENSO effects on vegetation were found in cropland and forest vegetation cover types based on image and statistical analysis of the NDVI data. The results indicate that vegetation condition was optimal during the ENSO neutral phase for both agricultural and natural vegetation. 相似文献
62.
63.
64.
Simulation of multigaussian stochastic fields can be made after a Karhunen-Loéve expansion of a given covariance function.
This method is also called simulation by Empirical Orthogonal Functions. The simulations are made by drawing stochastic coefficients
from a random generator. These numbers are multiplied with eigenfunctions and eigenvalues derived from the predefined covariance
model. The number of eigenfunctions necessary to reproduce the stochastic process within a predefined variance error, turns
out to be a cardinal question. Some ordinary analytical covariance functions are used to evaluate how quickly the series of
eigenfunctions can be truncated. This analysis demonstrates extremely quick convergence to 99.5% of total variance for the
2nd order exponential (‘gaussian’) covariance function, while the opposite is true for the 1st order exponential covariance
function. Due to these convergence characteristics, the Karhunen-Loéve method is most suitable for simulating smooth fields
with ‘gaussian’ shaped covariance functions. Practical applications of Karhunen-Loéve simulations can be improved by spatial
interpolation of the eigenfunctions. In this paper, we suggest interpolation by kriging and limits for reproduction of the
predefined covariance functions are evaluated. 相似文献
65.
Luiz Pinguelli Rosa Marco Aurelio dos Santos Bohdan Matvienko Ednaldo Oliveira dos Santos Elizabeth Sikar 《Climatic change》2004,66(1-2):9-21
This paper discusses emissions by power-dams in the tropics. Greenhouse gas emissions from tropical power-dams are produced underwater through biomass decomposition by bacteria. The gases produced in these dams are mainly nitrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. A methodology was established for measuring greenhouse gases emitted by various power-dams in Brazil. Experimental measurements of gas emissions by dams were made to determine accurately their emissions of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases through bubbles formed on the lake bottom by decomposing organic matter, as well as rising up the lake gradient by molecular diffusion.The main source of gas in power-dams reservoirs is the bacterial decomposition (aerobic and anaerobic) of autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter that basically produces CO2 and CH4. The types and modes of gas production and release in the tropics are reviewed. 相似文献
66.
67.
We study the importance of the zones of weakness and the pattern of downgoing flow in steady-state models of subducting lithosphere, which interacts mechanically and thermally with the ambient mantle. The non-linear system of governing equations consists of (i) the momentum equation in stream function formulation and (ii) the steady-state heat transfer equation including conduction and advection of heat and dissipation. A finite element method has been applied to this system. We consider the viscosity to be a non-linear function of both the temperature and the stream function. In steady-state two-dimensional (2D) flow, the stream function isolines follow material trajectories. They are used to follow the top of the subducting slab, which because of its possible increase in water content, is assumed to have a lower viscosity. The zone of weakness has been thus obtained in the self-consistent fashion since the stream function as well as the temperature are the output from our modeling and no a priori assumptions about the shape of the bending lithosphere are taken into account. It was shown that several orders decrease of viscosity in the zone of weakness is required to obtain the dip angle of about 45°. If the decrease of viscosity is not sufficient enough, the subducted slab either sinks almost vertically or does not exhibit a plate-like behavior. We have also demonstrated that shear heating can unrealistically increase at the zone of weakness for fast subductions if decrease of viscosity is underestimated. 相似文献
68.
The phase relations of quaternary systems are generally represented by projections onto ternary compositional planes. Such
projections often obscure relationships that would only be evident in a three-dimensional tetrahedral plot. The tetrahedral
plot requires that compositions of the minerals and melts be transformed into Cartesian coordinates. It is shown here how
this transformation is carried out. The application is demonstrated by tetrahedral plots of experimental melt compositions
of partially molten lherzolite. Furthermore, the plot can be used to evaluate whether or not a particular basaltic composition
represents a primary melt. The methods are applicable to any four-component system. 相似文献
69.
Hydrologic response of engineered media in living roofs and bioretention to large rainfalls: experiments and modeling
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《水文研究》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The hydrologic response of engineered media plays an important role in determining a stormwater control measure's ability to reduce runoff volume, flow rate, timing, and pollutant loads. Five engineered media, typical of living roof and bioretention stormwater control measures, were investigated in laboratory column experiments for their hydrologic responses to steady, large inflow rates. The inflow, medium water content response, and outflow were all measured. The water flow mechanism (uniform flow vs. preferential flow) was investigated by analyzing medium water content response in terms of timing, magnitude, and sequence with depth. Modeling the hydrologic process was conducted in the HYDRUS‐1D software, applying the Richards equation for uniform flow modeling, and a mobile–immobile model for preferential flow modeling. Uniform flow existed in most cases, including all initially dry living roof media with bimodal pore size distributions and one bioretention medium with unimodal pore size distribution. The Richards equation can predict the outflow hydrograph reasonably well for uniform flow conditions when medium hydraulic properties are adequately represented by appropriate functions. Preferential flow was found in two media with bimodal pore size distributions. The occurrence of preferential flow is more likely due to the interaction between the bimodal pore structure and the initial water content rather than the large inflow rate. 相似文献