基于GIS的矿体形态三维可视化定位研究——以喇嘛苏外围中段隐伏铜矿体为例

隐伏矿体的勘查一直是当下矿产勘查的热点,尤其是对矿体形态复杂的金属矿进行定位、定量、定概率研究。喇嘛苏外围隐伏铜矿体产于华力西早—中期斜长花岗斑岩与中元古界蓟县系库松木契克群下亚群泥化微晶灰岩的接触带部位,属于典型的接触交代矽卡岩型矿床,矿体形态复杂多变,给矿山企业的资源量估算带来很大不确定性。采用"桌面GIS+移动GIS数据集成+数据处理"的方法,克服了传统勘查方法单一与延时的缺点,解决地学测量数据"离散化"的状态,将研究区地质—物探—化探—遥感数据与图件集成,对综合异常区进行快速的圈定;建立集成研究区多源信息矢量化空间数据库,利用医学上的Marching Cubes方法,对侵入体与赋矿层进行三维可视化模拟,结合钻孔见矿位置佐证矿体形态展布变化以及预测东南向隐伏矿体,为矿山企业降低勘探采矿风险、缩短勘查周期提供数据支持。     

Rapid earthquake hazard and loss assessment for Euro-Mediterranean region

The almost-real time estimation of ground shaking and losses after a major earthquake in the Euro-Mediterranean region was performed in the framework of the Joint Research Activity 3 (JRA-3) component of the EU FP6 Project entitled “Network of Research Infra-structures for European Seismology, NERIES”. This project consists of finding the most likely location of the earthquake source by estimating the fault rupture parameters on the basis of rapid inversion of data from on-line regional broadband stations. It also includes an estimation of the spatial distribution of selected site-specific ground motion parameters at engineering bedrock through region-specific ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) or physical simulation of ground motion. By using the Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine (ELER) software, the multi-level methodology developed for real time estimation of losses is capable of incorporating regional variability and sources of uncertainty stemming from GMPEs, fault finiteness, site modifications, inventory of physical and social elements subjected to earthquake hazard and the associated vulnerability relationships.     

State-of-the art and future of earthquake early warning in the European region

European researchers and seismic networks are active in developing new approaches to earthquake early warning (EEW), implementing and operating test EEW systems, and in some cases, offering operational EEW to end users. We present the key recent developments in EEW research in Europe, describe the networks and regions where EEW is currently in testing or development, and highlight the two systems in Turkey and Romania that currently provide operational systems to a limited set of end users.     

WorldView-2近红外光谱波段反演马尾松植被信息的比较研究

WorldView-2卫星自2009年发射至今,已为用户提供了大量高性能的影像产品。与众多高分辨率卫星影像不同,WorldView-2有2个近红外波段,即近红外1(Near-infrared1,NIR1)和近红外2(Near-infrared2,NIR2),但目前这2个波段在应用上的区别并不清楚。因此,本文以福建省长汀县河田地区的马尾松林为例,采用NIR1和NIR2这2个近红外波段分别构建了3种植被指数(NDVI、ARVI和NDMVI),以探索二者在植被信息反演方面的差异。结果表明,NIR1构建的植被指数在马尾松林提取精度上高于NIR2,并具有更丰富的植被信息量。经统计可知,NIR1所构建的植被指数信息量比NIR2分别大8.0%(NDVI)、12.3%(ARVI)和7.3%(NDMVI);在反演植被覆盖度方面,NIR1也比NIR2具有更高的精度,其模拟的植被覆盖度与实际植被覆盖度的拟合度更高,误差更小。NIR1和NIR2所表现出的差异是因为马尾松在这2个近红外波段的光谱反射不同,其反射在NIR1的波长范围内达到最强,而在NIR2的波长范围内则出现了小幅下降。     

球粒状铁绿纤石（?）的形貌结构特征与成因

球粒状铁绿纤石(?)产出于云南昭通玄武岩晶洞中,与其共生的矿物有绿帘石、硅铁灰石、水晶、葡萄石及方解石等矿物.扫描电镜(SEM)下,该矿物呈扁平长柱状,沿柱体方向呈不同程度的弯曲,并绕球粒中的包裹体聚合生长成不同形状的球粒,聚合生长的方式取决于包裹体在球体中的位置与距离,越近球粒表面,越趋于平行排列.水晶的流体包裹体测温及拉曼光谱分析表明,铁绿纤石(?)属低温(148～169℃)热液产物,热液的盐度为 11%～12%,富含H2O及微量CH4,铁绿纤石(?)的形成可能与有机质(CH4)有关.     

Migration of Depocenters and Accumulation Centers and its Indication of Subsidence Centers in the Mesozoic Ordos Basin

Based on the integrated study of structure attributions and characteristics of the original basin in combination with lithology and lithofacies, sedimentary provenance analysis and thickness distribution of the Mesozoic Ordos Basin, it is demonstrated that the depocenters migrated counterclockwise from southeast to the north and then to the southwest from the Middle-Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. There were no unified and larger-scale accumulation centers except several small isolated accumulation centers before the Early Cretaceous. The reasons why belts of relatively thick strata were well developed in the western basin in several stages are that this area is near the west boundary of the original Ordos Basin, there was abundant sediment supply and the hydrodynamic effect was strong. Therefore, they stand for local accumulation centers. Until the Early Cretaceous, depocenters, accumulation centers and subsidence centers were superposed as an entity in the southwest part of the Ordos Basin. Up to the end of the Middle Jurassic, there still appeared a paleogeographic and paleostructural higher-in-west and lower-in-east framework in the residual basin to the west of the Yellow River. The depocenters of the Ordos Basin from the Middle–Late Triassic to the Middle Jurassic were superposed consistently. The relatively high thermal maturation of Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata in the depocenters and their neighborhood suggest active deep effects in these areas. Generally, superposition of depocenters in several periods and their consistency with high thermal evolution areas reveal the control of subsidence processes. Therefore, depocenters may represent the positions of the subsidence centers. The subsidence centers (or depocenters) are located in the south of the large-scale cratonic Ordos Basin. This is associated with flexural subsidence of the foreland, resulting from the strong convergence and orogenic activity contemporaneous with the Qinling orogeny.     

不同掏蚀深度下古城墙的稳定性数值分析

以浙江良渚古城的宽顶古场面墙稳定性问题为研究对象,本文针对古城墙可能出现的不同深度的风沙掏蚀的实际工况,通过有限差分软件FLAC3D,建立计算模型进行了稳定性分析,探讨了不同掏蚀深度下城墙破坏机理和规律.研究表明:当城墙墙根掏蚀深度不是很大时,城墙整体稳定,土体开始出现比较小的位移量,掏蚀部位及其周围出现局部塑性破坏现象.随着掏蚀深度的增加,城墙塑性破坏区域不断向城墙体内部、顶部及顶部后缘范围发展,城墙上的土体位移量随着掏蚀深度的增加而呈数量级的增加,直至城墙出现整体崩塌破坏.掏蚀作用加剧了地震作用下城墙体的破坏,在掏蚀部位形成潜在破坏口,内部形成塑性贯通区,造成墙体整体崩塌.     

On the Use of Crushed Recycled Glass Instead of Silica Sand in Dual‐Media Filters

Crushed recycled glass was evaluated as an alternative to silica sand in dual‐media filters. Pilot scale inline filtration experiments were carried out using raw waters from three different water sources with turbidities between 6.0 and 14.0 NTU. Two physically identical filter columns were operated in parallel in the experiments. One filter consisted of 62.5 cm silica sand and 41.5 cm anthracite coal, whereas the other filter contained 62.5 cm crushed recycled glass plus 41.5 cm anthracite coal. The total bed depth was 104 cm for both filters. The properties of the media were as follows: Glass effective size = 0.77 mm, uniformity coefficient = 1.41. Sand effective size = 0.79 mm, uniformity coefficient = 1.33. Coal effective size = 1.45 mm, uniformity coefficient = 1.39. Experiments were repeated five times as follows: (i) Without the use of a coagulant, (ii–iii) with 5 and 10 mg/L of alum, and (iv–v) with 5 and 10 mg/L of ferric chloride. The filtration rate used was 11.5 m/h. Turbidity, particle counts, and head losses were measured and compared as functions of time. The following were observed: (i) Effluent turbidities and particle counts of the two filters were very close, i.e., essentially the same effluent quality was obtained when crushed glass was used instead of silica sand. (ii) In the majority of the tests, the filter with crushed glass generated both a smaller clean‐bed head loss and smaller clogging head losses than those of the filter containing sand. It is concluded that crushed glass may be a good alternative to silica sand in dual‐media filtration.