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91.
Rocks which erupted during the first few weeks are described and chemical analyses of rocks and microprobe analyses of minerals are presented. An outline of the eruption history and of the geology of the area is given. A gradational change in chemistry from mugearitic to hawaiitic composition is recorded. Xenoliths of hypersthene gabbro not cognate with magma were discovered in the mugearite. One xenolith has reacted with the mugearite magma at depth to form pargasitic hornblende and kaersutite. It is argued that the magma reacted with the xenoliths at a total pressure well below 8–9 kbar and at a gas pressure higher 1 kbar. 相似文献
92.
Cosmic-ray produced7Be (53 days half-life) is directly measurable in freshly collected samples of river and coastal zone sediments using a lithium-drifted germanium detector. Calibration of the detector is discussed and an assessment of overall accuracy and sensitivity presented. The detection limit for a 250-g dry weight sediment sample contained in a Marinelli Beaker and counted for 200 minutes is approximately 0.4 pCi/g. Applications toward locating zones of rapid sedimentation as well as in understanding shallow-water sedimentation dynamics are suggested. 相似文献
93.
Jørgen Gutzon Larsen 《Lithos》1979,12(4):289-302
Gabbro inclusions from Tindfjallajökull are divided into two types: I. Panidiomorphic gabbros of non-cumulative origin composed of plagioclase + olivine ± clinopyroxene and interstitil vesicular glass. They have formed in equilibrium with the host magma and may either represent a marginal facies or a highly solidified magma body. In the latter case the host magma or part of it could be mobilized interstitial liquid. II. Allotriomorphic-hypidiomorphic tholeiitic olivine gabbro and diorite xenoliths with scarce Ti-pargasite which have undergone less than 10% partial melting in the host magma forming melts of alkali basaltic or Hekla andesite-like compositions dependent on the original mineral assemblage. Such liquids, enriched in K2O and possibly other incompatible elements, may contaminate basaltic magmas rising slowly through a gabbroic lower crust. Large scale production of andesites by partial melting of such rocks is not possible but would need more hydrous or differentiated source rocks. 相似文献
94.
Flat-bottomed depression 50–150 m in diameter and 60–80 cm deep occur in the floor of Norton Sound, Bering Sea. These large
erosional bedforms and associated current ripples are found in areas where sediment grain size is 0.063–0.044 mm (4–4.5 φ),
speeds of bottom currents are greatest (20–30 cm/s mean speeds under nonstorm conditions, 70 cm/s during typical storms),
circulation of water is constricted by major topographic shoals (kilometers in scale), and small-scale topographic disruptions,
such as ice gouges, occur locally on slopes of shoals. These local obstructions on shoals appear to disrupt currents, causing
separation of flow and generating eddies that produce large-scale scour. Offshore artificial structures also may disrupt bottom
currents in these same areas and have the potential to generate turbulence and induce extensive scour in the area of disrupted
flow. The size and character of natural scour depressions in areas of ice gouging suggest that large-scale regions of scour
may develop from enlargement of local scour sites around pilings, platforms, or pipelines. Consequently, loss of substrate
support for pipelines and gravity structures is possible during frequent autumn storms. 相似文献
95.
Peter F. Larsen 《Estuaries and Coasts》1978,1(3):183-185
During a comprehensive survey of fauna associated with James River oyster reefs in 1971–72, a large population of the spionid polychaeteBoccardia hamata was found. The abundance of this boring species was greater than that of the well-known oyster pestPolydora websteri. B. hamata has not been reported previously in the Chesapeake Bay system and its occurrence on the east coast of the United States is not common. The large numbers in 1971–72 and continued presence ofB. hamata in 1975 suggests that the species may be well established in the James River. This may have some implications to the oyster industry if the species is as harmful as other boring spionids. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
John Van Sickle Walter C. Weimer David P. Larsen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(12):2189-2197
Rates of surficial sediment mixing and sediment burial are measured in Shagawa Lake, Minnesota, using radionuclide tracers. Based on 106Ru profiles in 16 cores, mixing rates average 13 cm2/yr within the upper 9 cm of sediment. Two other nuclides, 210Pb and 137Cs, provide further evidence for calculation of mixing rates. In addition, 210Pb profiles estimate sediment burial rates (about 0.4 cm/yr). Mixing estimates are shown to be fairly insensitive both to uncertainties in sediment burial rates and to temporal patterns of 106Ru deposition. 相似文献
99.
100.
Two alpine lakes in the south-central part of Norway have been studied for recent changes in diatom assemblages preserved in their sediments. Both lakes experience a post 1980 AD increase in diatom valve accumulation rates possibly reflecting an increase in lake productivity. In addition there is an overall increase in diatom-inferred pH at both sites. Recovery from lake acidification can be disregarded as a possible cause of increased pH as the lakes are situated in catchments with high buffering capacities in areas that have received low amounts of acid deposition. We suggest that recent climate warming has influenced both sites with the important effect of increasing mineralization in the catchments, resulting in greater fluxes of nutrients and base cations to the lakes, leading to an increase in diatom-inferred pH. Taxa that have increased in abundance include Achnanthes minutissima, Achnanthes nodosa, Cyclotella spp., Navicula schmassmannii, Staurosirella lapponica, and S. pinnata. In one of the lakes, the maximum diatom-inferred pH values reached at the top of the core are as high as pH values reconstructed from the diatom assemblages deposited at the end of the Mid-Holocene thermal maximum c. 4000 cal. BP. 相似文献