Regeneration and utilization of nutrients during collapse of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mesodinium rubrum</Emphasis> red tide and its influence on phytoplankton species composition

High-biomass red tides occur frequently in some semi-enclosed bays of Hong Kong where ambient nutrients are not high enough to support such a high phytoplankton biomass. These high-biomass red tides release massive inorganic nutrients into local waters during their collapse. We hypothesized that the massive inorganic nutrients released from the collapse of red tides would fuel growth of other phytoplankton species. This could influence phytoplankton species composition. We tested the hypothesis using a red tide event caused by Mesodinium rubrum (M. rubrum) in a semi-enclosed bay, Port Shelter. The red tide patch had a cell density as high as 5.0×10⁵ cells L^?1, and high chlorophyll a (63.71 μg L^?1). Ambient inorganic nutrients (nitrate: \(\rm{NO}_3^-\), ammonium: \(\rm{NH}_4^+\), phosphate: \(\rm{PO}_4^{3-}\), silicate: \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\)) were low both in the red tide patch and the non-red-tide patch (clear waters outside the red tide patch). Nutrient addition experiments were conducted by adding all the inorganic nutrients to water samples from the two patches followed by incubation for 9 days. The results showed that the addition of inorganic nutrients did not sustain high M. rubrum cell density, which collapsed after day 1, and did not drive M. rubrum in the non-red-tide patch sample to the same high-cell density in the red tide patch sample. This confirmed that nutrients were not the driving factor for the formation of this red tide event, or for its collapse. The death of M. rubrum after day 1 released high concentrations of \(\rm{NO}_3^-\), \(\rm{PO}_4^{3-}\), \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\), \(\rm{NH}_4^+\), and urea. Bacterial abundance and heterotrophic activity increased, reaching the highest on day 3 or 4, and decreased as cell density of M. rubrum declined. The released nutrients stimulated growth of diatoms, such as Chaetoceros affinis var. circinalis, Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii, and Nitzschia sp., particularly with additions of \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\) treatments, and other species. These results demonstrated that initiation of M. rubrum red tides in the bay was not directly driven by nutrients. However, the massive inorganic nutrients released from the collapse of the red tide could induce a second bloom in low-ambient nutrient water, influencing phytoplankton species composition.     

Thermal and nonthermal phenomena in solar flare loops at 20 cm wavelength and in X-rays

We present X-ray images from the P78-1 satellite for a long-lasting burst at 20 cm wavelength mapped with the Very Large Array on 19 May, 1979 by Velusamy and Kundu (1981). The decimeter wave observations were originally interpreted in terms of two models, one invoking thermal electrons radiating at low harmonics of the gyrofrequency, and the other invoking mildly relativistic electrons emitting gyrosynchrotron radiation. If indeed the 20 cm source is thermal, it should also be visible in soft X-rays, while if it is nonthermal, the soft X-ray emission should be weak or spatially or temporally distinct from the 20 cm burst. We find that only one of the three 20 cm sources was approximately co-spatial with the soft X-ray source, and that it was only partially thermal. The 20 cm burst is therefore primarily decimeter type IV emission from mildly relativistic electrons of the post-flare phase. The long lifetime (? 2^h) and smooth temporal variation of the burst belie its nonthermal nature and suggest continuous acceleration as well as long term storage of energetic electrons.     

Ground facility for information reception,processing, dissemination and scientific instruments management setup in the CORONAS-PHOTON space project

This paper deals with the organizational structure of ground-based receiving, processing, and dissemination of scientific information created by the Astrophysics Institute of the Scientific Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. Hardware structure and software features are described. The principles are given for forming sets of control commands for scientific equipment (SE) devices, and statistics data are presented on the operation of facility during flight tests of the spacecraft (SC) in the course of one year.     

Features of the Dynamics of Objects Moving in the Zones of Orbital Resonances 1 : 4, 1 : 6, and 1 : 8 with the Earth’s Rotation

Solar System Research - The paper presents the results of studying the dynamic structure of near-Earth orbital space in the regions of orbital resonances 1 : 4, 1 : 6, and 1 : 8 with the speed of...     

TERMO-LR Experiment on the Luna-27 Lander: Study of Thermophysical,Physicomechanical, and Electromagnetic Properties of the Lunar Soil

Solar System Research - The device is being developed for the TERMO-LR experiment on the Luna-27 lunar lander; it is intended for contact geophysical measurements of various properties of the lunar...     

Transient AT2018cow: A Scenario with an Equatorial Disk

Astronomy Letters - To explain the presence of early X-ray emission from the object AT2018cow, we have studied a scenario with the presence of dense ejecta in the system in the equatorial plane....     

Spectroscopic Redshift Determination for a Sample of Distant Quasars Detected by the SRG Observatory Based on RTT-150 Observations. II

Astronomy Letters - Results of the spectroscopic observations at the 1.5-m Russian–Turkish telescope for another group of 12 X-ray sources discovered by the eROSITA telescope onboard the SRG...     

美国艾奥瓦州文尼希克Lagerst(a)tte及其沉积环境

Lagerstatte是指保存丰富或精美化石、因而具有特殊研究价值的化石层.这类地层所含的化石常具有经矿化的生物软体甚至未变实体,从而为古生物的分类学、组织学、形态学、解剖学、生态学、埋藏学等研究提供了极其难得的材料.近年来发现于美国艾奥瓦州的文尼希克化石层,以其特异保存的多门类不常见化石分子为特征,成为目前仅知的中奥陶世Lagerstatte.这一生物群的发现不仅填补了化石记录中的一些空白,也为中奥陶世的生物辐射事件研究领域打开了一个在赤道附近非正常海洋环境中生存的生物群面貌窗口.而且,其中所含的不同类别矿化生物残留,在有机物的分解、置换以及生物成岩作用等研究中具有重要意义.初步研究表明,文尼希克生物群的生活环境与化石保存,可能与陨石撞击事件有关,从而为奥陶纪生物辐射事件的起因町能与太空星体爆裂有关的理论研究,提供了新的验证材料.     

On the interpretation of the “inverse phase effect” for CO2 equivalent widths on Venus

Computations of the equivalent widths of absorption lines as a function of planetary phase angle are made for a homogeneous cloud with particles having the properties (shape, refractive index, and size distribution) deduced from polarimetry of Venus. The computed equivalent widths show an “inverse phase effect” comparable to that which is observed for CO₂ lines on Venus. This result verifies a recent suggestion of Regas et al. that the existence of an inverse phase effect does not by itself imply the presence of multiple layers of scattering particles in the atmosphere of Venus.