全文获取类型
收费全文 | 38730篇 |
免费 | 741篇 |
国内免费 | 240篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 754篇 |
大气科学 | 2580篇 |
地球物理 | 7630篇 |
地质学 | 14062篇 |
海洋学 | 3545篇 |
天文学 | 8720篇 |
综合类 | 87篇 |
自然地理 | 2333篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 257篇 |
2021年 | 440篇 |
2020年 | 499篇 |
2019年 | 576篇 |
2018年 | 1011篇 |
2017年 | 1013篇 |
2016年 | 1078篇 |
2015年 | 582篇 |
2014年 | 1034篇 |
2013年 | 1850篇 |
2012年 | 1191篇 |
2011年 | 1629篇 |
2010年 | 1441篇 |
2009年 | 1796篇 |
2008年 | 1629篇 |
2007年 | 1688篇 |
2006年 | 1556篇 |
2005年 | 1058篇 |
2004年 | 1074篇 |
2003年 | 1112篇 |
2002年 | 996篇 |
2001年 | 868篇 |
2000年 | 797篇 |
1999年 | 723篇 |
1998年 | 715篇 |
1997年 | 723篇 |
1996年 | 588篇 |
1995年 | 572篇 |
1994年 | 501篇 |
1993年 | 453篇 |
1992年 | 409篇 |
1991年 | 424篇 |
1990年 | 437篇 |
1989年 | 391篇 |
1988年 | 369篇 |
1987年 | 400篇 |
1986年 | 415篇 |
1985年 | 508篇 |
1984年 | 545篇 |
1983年 | 542篇 |
1982年 | 496篇 |
1981年 | 454篇 |
1980年 | 429篇 |
1979年 | 408篇 |
1978年 | 375篇 |
1977年 | 384篇 |
1976年 | 344篇 |
1975年 | 353篇 |
1974年 | 340篇 |
1973年 | 370篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
781.
Magmatism in the eastern Aleutian Arc: temporal characteristic of igneous activity on Akutan Island 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jay D. Romick Michael R. Perfit Samuel E. Swanson Robert D. Shuster 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1990,104(6):700-721
Lavas from Akutan Island, located in the eastern Aleutian arc at the transition between continental and oceanic crust, show a gradual change in their petrologic and chemical characteristics over the last 4 million years. The oldest lavas exposed on the island, the Hot Springs Bay Volcanics (HSBV), range from magnesian basalt to dacite (45%–62% SiO2). The most mafic basalts contain salitic clinopyroxene, Cr- and Al-rich spinel, and pargasitic amphibole suggesting that they were derived from relatively hydrous magmas at greater pressures than lavas from the younger Akutan Volcanics (AKV) and the modern volcano (MOD). AKV lavas also range between basalt and dacite (46%–63% SiO2), but contain no hydrous phenocrysts and seem to have fractionated within a shallow level magma chamber. Lavas from the modern volcano are andesitic (52%–57% SiO2) and have a mineral assemblage similar to that of AKV lavas of similar composition. With the exception of clinopyroxene and spinel in the most mafic lavas, the compositions of plagioclase (An92?45), olivine (Fo88?51), orthopyroxene (En69?56), and titanomagnetite (15%–21% TiO2) phenocrysts found in these lavas are within the range observed in lavas from other Aleutian volcanoes. Variations in the major element chemistry of the older lavas can be reproduced by fractional crystallization of the observed mineral assemblages, however closed system crystal fractionation models are inadequate to explain the trace element variations. During the last 4 million years, La/Yb ratios have decreased (6.5–3.3 for HSBV lavas and 2.9–1.9 for MOD lavas) whereas Ba/La ratios appear to have increased slightly (37–43 for HSBV and AKV, and 41–45 of MOD). The lower La/Yb ratios of MOD lavas correspond with lower total abundances of the REE and slightly higher Sr and Pb isotopic ratios. The increased87Sr/86Sr ratios and Pb isotopic ratios in the MOD lavas, the less enriched LREE, and the higher Ba/La ratios may result from partial melting of an arc source which has experienced previous melting events but has continued to be contaminated by a component from the subducting slab. It may also indicate a change in the degree of partial melting of the underlying mantle, which corresponds to a different percentage of a slab derived component being incorporated into the overlying mantle. 相似文献
782.
R. V. Fodor A. N. Sial S. B. Mukasa E. H. McKee 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1990,104(5):555-567
Northern Brazil contains remnants of Mesozoic flood basalts and hypabyssal rocks that were apparently emplaced during tectonism related to opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Analyses and new K-Ar ages reveal that this 700x250 km Maranhão province (5°–8°S) has low-Ti basalts (1.1 wt% TiO2) in the western part that range about 160 to 190 Ma, and high-Ti basalts (3.4–4.4 wt% TiO2) in the eastern part about 115–122 Ma. Low-Ti basalt compositions are less evolved and have a smaller range, Mg# 62-56, than the high-Ti basalts, Mg# 44–33. General characteristics of the least evolved members of low- and high-Ti groups include, respectively, Zr 100 and 250 ppm, Sr 225 and 475 ppm, Ba 200 and 500 ppm, Nb 10 and 26 ppm, Y 29 and 36 ppm, La/Yb(n) 4.2 and 8.8, where La(n) is 30 and 90. Overall compositions resemble the low- and high-Ti basaltic rocks of the Mesozoic Serra Geral (Paraná) province in southern Brazil. The Maranhão low-Ti basalts have more radiogenic Sr and Pb and higher 18O than the high-Ti basalts. Respectively, low- vs high-Ti: Sr26–54 vs 15–18; 206Pb/204Pb=18.25–.78 vs 18.22–.24; and 18O 8.9–12.6 vs 6.5–8.6. Nd isotopes overlap: Nd–1.6 to –3.8 vs –2.1 to –3. Ages, compositions, and isotopes indicate that the low- and high-Ti groups had independent parentages from enriched subcontinental mantle. However, both groups can be modeled from one source composition if low-Ti basalt isotopes reflect crustal contamination, and if the parentages for each group were picritic liquids that represent either higher (for low-Ti) or lower (for high-Ti) percentages of melting of that single source. When comparing Pb isotopes of Maranhão and Serra Geral high-Ti basalts (uncontaminated) to evaluate the DUPAL anomaly, Maranhão has Pb 7/4=4.6–11, and Pb 8/4=72–87; Serra Geral has Pb 7/4=10–13, and Pb 8/4=95–125. The small difference is not enough to conform to DUPAL contours, and is inconsistent with large-scale isotopic heterogeneity of mantle beneath Brazil prior to rifting of South America from Africa. Maranhão low-Ti magmas probably relate to the opening of central North Atlantic, and high-Ti magmas to the opening of equatorial Atlantic. The proposed greater percentage of source melting for low-Ti basalts may reflect a Triassic-Jurassic hotspot, while lesser melting for high-Ti magmas may relate to Cretaceous decompressional (rifting) melting. 相似文献
783.
Accurate numerical continuation of families of plane symmetric direct periodic orbits around the large primary in the Sun-Jupiter case of the restricted problem of three bodies allows the determination of the vertical branching points where families of three-dimensional symmetric periodic orbits bifurcate from the planar ones. Three families of plane periodic orbits, and the initial segments of ten bifurcating families of three-dimensional ones are determined. The stability of these families is examined and examples of their orbits are illustrated. 相似文献
784.
Tests have been carried out on Kodak Spectroscopic Plates Type I-N, in order to find a treatment which could be easily applied to the infrared plates to be used with the Loiano 152 cm,f/8, Ritchey-Chrétien telescope. Different techniques have been tested, not only with the aim of achieving the higher speed gain, but also to obtain the better uniformity and reproducibility. Our results suggest that the advantages of preexposure techniques are underestimated in this respect. Furthermore, we find that blue and infrared preexposures (at 0.8 s) give different results, suggesting a different degree of dispersity in the latent image produced by pre-exposure in the two cases.Baths including both ammonia and Ag-compounds provide the higher speed gains, but the increment of the fog is often non-uniform and/or very high. The best results have been obtained with baths including AgNO3 and AgCl. The rejuvenation process found by Sanduleak and the results obtained by Jenkins and Farnell on the reversibility of the gains due to silver-nitrate baths have been confirmed. 相似文献
785.
Positron-electron pair radiation is examined as a mechanism that could be responsible for the impulsive phase emission of the 5 March, 1979 transient. Synchrotron cooling and subsequent annihilation of the pairs can account for the energy spectrum, the very high brightness, and the 0.4 MeV feature observed from this transient, whose source is likely to be a neutron star in the supernova remnant N49 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. In this model, the observed radiation is produced in the skin layer of a hot, radiation-dominated pair atmosphere, probably confined to the vicinity of the neutron star by a strong magnetic field. The width of this layer is only about 0.1 mm. In this layer, 1012 generations of pairs are formed (by photon-photon collisions), cooled and annihilated during the 0.15 s duration of the impulsive phase. The very large burst energy implied by the distance of the LMC, and its very rapid release, are unsolved problems. We mention, nonetheless, the possibility of neutron star vibrations, which could transport the energy coherently to the surface, heat the atmosphere mechanically to a hot, pair-producing temperature, and have a characteristic damping time roughly equal to the duration of the impulsive phase.Paper presented at the Symposium on Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts held at Toulouse, France, 26–29 November, 1979. 相似文献
786.
During the last half of 1977 the UCSD/MIT Hard X-Ray and Low Energy Gamma-Ray Experiment of HEAO-1 observed two of the three gamma-ray bursts detected by at least three satellites. The first of these bursts (20 October, 1977) had a fluence of (3.1±0.5)×10–5 erg cm–2 integrated over the energy range 0.135–2.05 MeV and over its duration of 38.7 s, placing it among the largest bursts observed. The second (10 November, 1977) had a fluence of (2.1±0.8)×10–5 erg cm–2 integrated over the energy range 0.125–3 MeV and over its duration of 2.8 s. The light curves of both bursts exhibit time fluctuations down to the limiting time resolution of the detectors (0.1 s). The spectrum of the 20 October, 1977 burst can be fitted with a power law (index –1.93±0.16), which is harder than other reported gamma-ray burst spectral fits. This burst was detected up to 2.05 MeV, and approximately half of its energy was emitted at photon energies above 0.5 MeV. The spectrum of the 10 November, 1977 burst is softer (index –2.4±0.7) and is similar to the spectrum of the 27 April, 1972 burst.Paper presented at the Symposium on Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts held at Toulouse, France, 26–29 November, 1979. 相似文献
787.
Szebehely's criterion for Hill stability of satellites is derived from Hill's problem and a more exact result is obtained. Direct, Hill stable, circular satellites can exist almost twice as far from the planet as retrograde satellites. For direct satellites the new result agrees with Kuiper's empirical estimate that such satellites are stable up to a distance of half the radius of action of the planet. Comparison with the results of numerical experiments shows that Hill 'stability is valid for direct satellites but meaningless for retrograde satellites. Further accuracy for the maximum distance of Hill stable orbits is obtained from the restricted problem formulation. This provides estimates for planetary distances in double star systems. 相似文献
788.
Jörn E. Kunstmann 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1978,18(1):91-104
The frequency spectra of the interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations are the projection of their wavenumber spectra onto one dimension. Only the frequency spectra can be measured by spacecrafts. It is studied how their measured size depends on the direction of the mean fieldB
0, which structures the symmetry of the fluctuations relative to the solar wind system. It is specialized for the slab model, Alfvén waves, magneto-acoustic waves and the isotropic case. For the slab model the frequency spectra are proportional to
, whereq is the spectral index and the angle betweenB
0 and the radial direction. For the diffusion coefficientK
TT the relation
holds. 相似文献
789.
In the present paper, the regular precessions about the mass center are studied, for a Volterra-type gyrostatic satellite in a circular orbit under a Newtonian force field. All the possible regular precessions are determined. 相似文献
790.
C. E. Siewert 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1978,58(1):131-137
TheF
N
method of solving problems in radiative transfer for plane-parallel media with anisotropic scattering is established. The method utilizes properties of the exact solution and leads to final equations that are particularly concise and easy to use. 相似文献