北半球72 ka BP气候突变事件及其与Toba火山的关系

72 ka BP左右的强降温事件是末次冰期最大的气候突变事件,且同时期发生了第四纪以来最强的火山喷发——Toba火山喷发,后者在此次强降温事件中扮演着什么角色一直是古气候学界研究的热点。对此进行深入的研究,有助于全面评价火山喷发的环境效应,进一步完善末次冰期突变事件的成因机制。系统回顾深海岩芯、极地冰芯、洞穴石笋、黄土、湖泊等古气候载体的研究成果,这些记录对72 ka BP左右的强降温事件和/或Toba火山喷发进行了不同程度的描述,并从不同的角度分析二者的关系。从72 ka BP左右的强降温事件和Toba火山喷发的时间上,以及火山喷发对气候变化影响的机理上看,Toba火山喷发确实对这次强降温事件产生了实质性影响。这个影响在格陵兰冰芯记录中表现得尤为明显,并得到了气候模拟的进一步支持。然而,部分低纬海洋记录研究表明,Toba火山喷发前后气候没有发生显著变化,至少低纬地区的气候不如高纬地区变化明显。古生物研究同时显示出Toba火山喷发并未对其生存环境产生灾难性的影响,由此可见,72 ka BP左右的强降温事件驱动机制及其对Toba火山喷发的响应程度尚存争议。今后的研究应重视提高气候记录分辨率和探测Toba火山喷发证据的研究,从解剖事件的内部结构特征入手,进而建立气候模式与火山效应之间的联系,以此来明确“72 ka事件”驱动机制及其对Toba火山喷发的响应关系。     

Study of late-Mesozoic magmatic rocks and their related copper-gold-polymetallic deposits in the Guichi ore-cluster district,Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt,East China

ABSTRACT

The Guichi ore-cluster district in the Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt hosts extensive Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits including the Tongshan Cu–Mo, Paodaoling Au, Matou Cu–Mo, Anzishan Cu–Mo, Guilinzheng Mo and Zhaceqiao Au deposits, mostly associated with the late Mesozoic magmatic rocks, which has been drawn to attention of study and exploration. However, the metallogenic relationship between magmatic rocks and the Cu–Au-polymetallic deposits is not well constrained. In this study, we report new zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic, and geochemical data for the ore-bearing intrusions of Guichi region. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages for the Anzishan quartz diorite porphyrite is 143.9 ± 1.0 Ma. Integrated with previous geochronological data, these late Mesozoic magmatic rocks can be subdivided into two stages of magmatic activities. The first stage (150–132 Ma) is characterized by high-K calc-alkaline intrusions closely associated with Cu–Au polymetallic ore deposits. Whereas, the second stage (130–125 Ma) produced granites and syenites and is mainly characterized by shoshonite series that are related to Mo–Cu mineralization. The first stage of magmatic rocks is considered to be formed by partial melting of subducted Palaeo-Pacific Plate, assimilated with Yangtze lower crust and remelting Meso-Neoproterozoic crust/sediments. The second stage of magmatism is originated from partial melting of Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic crust, mixed with juvenile crustal materials. The depression cross to the uplift zone of the Jiangnan Ancient Continent forms a gradual transition relation, and the hydrothermal mineralization composite with two stages have certain characteristics along the regional fault (Gaotan Fault). Guichi region results from two episodes of magmatism probably related to tectonic transition from subduction of Palaeo-Pacific Plate to back-arc extensional setting between 150 and 125 Ma, which lead to the Mesozoic large-scale polymetallic mineralization events in southeast China.     

色那金矿石英二长闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征及其对成矿背景的约束

色那金矿是西藏多龙矿集区内发现的一个浅成低温热液型金矿点,其成岩成矿时代一直缺乏精确的年代学约束。对该金矿石英二长闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、主-微量元素分析和Sr-Nd同位素组成研究,首次获得了多龙矿集区色那金矿赋矿岩石的成岩时代。石英二长闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（122.0±1.8）Ma,代表岩浆的结晶年龄。石英二长闪长岩具低硅（57.26%~58.88%）、高铝（16.58%~17.50%）、富镁（2.65%~2.98%）特征,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.93~1.09,富集轻稀土元素（LREE/HREE=6.28~7.25）,δEu为0.85~1.05,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、U、La、Sr、Sm,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等,相对于原始地幔具高Sr\[(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.705 023~0.705 453\]、低Nd\[ε_Nd(t)=-0.18 ~ 2.43\] 的同位素组成和古老的Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄（T_DM2=0.78~1.03 Ga）,属于偏铝质-过铝质岛弧型花岗岩。多龙矿集区色那金矿早白垩世末岩浆活动与成矿作用很可能是班公湖-怒江洋向北俯冲诱发洋壳物质部分熔融,并有少量俯冲沉积物（3.1%~5.1%）和幔源岩浆参与部分熔融混合形成母岩浆,再经一定程度的分异结晶作用和接触交代作用而形成。     

辽宁盘锦荣兴港作业区MT19钻孔海洋沉积物粒度特征

使用激光粒度分析仪对辽宁盘锦荣兴港MT19钻孔6个样品进行分析,运用福克-沃德（Folk-Ward）图解法计算相关粒度参数并绘制输出粒度频率特征曲线。结果表明：盘锦荣兴港沉积物中黏土(d＜0.004 0 mm)的体积分数最小,平均值为8.49%;粉砂(0.004 0～0.063 mm)的体积分数较大,平均值为38.39%;砂(0.063～2.00 mm)的体积分数变化较大,平均值为53.13%。Shepard沉积物三角形分类图解表明,研究区沉积物类型多属于粉砂质黏土和黏土质粉砂;粒度频率曲线显示,除MT19-2-2号样品为主次三峰型外,其余均为主次双峰型,说明该区域在海进-海退过程中的某些时段沉积环境相似,出现了沉积物粒径组合及大小相似的情况。     

福建尤溪梅仙矿床闪锌矿中黄铜矿交生体的交代成因

福建尤溪梅仙块状硫化物矿床中的闪锌矿经５０％ＨＮＯ３浸蚀后发现,微米级的黄铜矿交生体呈乳滴状,棒条状,蠕虫状等沿闪锌矿解理面,双晶面和颗粒边界,裂隙等处分布,并且黄铜矿交生体所占体积均在５％以上,因上闪锌矿中有限的Ｃｕ的溶解度使出溶无法解释黄鲷矿交生体的成因,交生体的结构特征以其与黄铜矿脉的关系暗示其可能是交代成因。而对横切黄铜矿乳滴的电子探针分析中铁含量特征的研究,证实梅仙矿区闪锌矿中的黄铜矿交     

单柱离子色谱测定二氧化锰产品中无机阴离子杂质

采用了单柱离子色谱法测ＭｎＯ２产品中无机离子杂质；提出了消除干扰的可行途径，将Ｌａ（ＯＨ）３加入后能同时消除进样峰的干扰和溶剂峰的出现。选用１．７５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ邻苯二甲酸１．７５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ三羟甲基氨基甲烷为混合淋洗剂测定Ｆ＾－，Ｃｌ＾－，ＮＯ３＾和ＳＯ＾２－４，其标准加入回收率为９５％－１０５％；ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝７）为２．４７％－８．０８％。     

NaCl—H_2O溶液包裹体的密度式和等容式及其应用

由于含盐类包裹体不能应用现有的状态方程求解,作者根据实验数值,采用最小二乘法等,得到含盐度(wt%)≤25的NaCl-H_2O溶液包裹体的密度式和等容式。只要测定出包裹体的均一温度和含盐度,代入密度式,即可计算包裹体中的流体密度。再由此密度、含盐度的等容式,进一步可求得包裹体的形成温度和压力。最后,作者列举了三个实例。     

Active Characteristics and Paleoearthquakes in the West Kalpin Nappe Since the Holocene,SW Tianshan Mountain

the Kalpin nappe is an important multiple thrust system. It is important to study the Cenozoic tectonic of the Tianshan Mountain. Holocene active characteristics and paleoearthquake of the Kalpin nappe can be used to evaluate the neotectonic of this area. In this paper, we accurately measured the fault scarp in the front of three thrust-fold faults and analyzed paleoearthquake events in the trenches of the Kalpin nappe. Using the ¹⁰Be exposure age, we obtained those geomorphic surface ages and paleoearthquake times. The result showed that the slip rates of the west Kalpintag fault, aozitag fault and the tuoketag fault were 1.45(+1.68/-0.44) mm/a, 0.81(+0.35/-0.19) mm/a and (0.3±0.05) mm/a, respectively since the Holocene. The slip rate indicated that the increased activity transferred from back-row fault to front-row fault and accorded with the piggy-back propagation model in the Tianshan Mountain. Displacements and recurrence intervals of paleoearthquakes was similar to the slip rate characteristics. It also showed paleoearthquakes in the front row fault were stronger than paleoearthquakes of the back row fault. The strong paleoearthquake which caused the highest surface rupture happened in the Kalpintag fault. The interval of paleoearthquakes was about 4 ka and the displacement of every paleoearthquake was about 3 m in the west Kalpintag fault; the interval of paleoearthquakes was about 2 ka and the displacement of every paleoearthquake was about 1m in the aozitag fault; the tuoketag fault ruptured only one paleoearthquake since 7 ka. The Piqiang tear fault was the tectonic result of different shortening rate between the west Kalpin system and the east Kalpin system. The shortening rate of west Kalpin system was obviously stronger than the east Kalpin system. The huge separation distance was near 20 km between the east and the west back-row fault. Because the slip rate of system transferred to the front-row fault in the piggy-back propagation model, the separation distance (~4 km) between the east and the west front-row fault was increasing.     

在1996年南方油气勘探工作会议上的讲话(主要部分) 努力实现南方海相油气勘探重大突破

南方地质条件有四方面的特点:碳酸盐岩区与特提斯域有关,具有良好的含油气前景;叠置在碳酸盐岩区上的南、北两大前陆盆地带,对古生界原型盆地烃源岩的演化、油气藏形成和保存起到重要作用;南方海相地层具有丰富的烃源岩;后期多旋回构造运动,使南方海相油气系统变得十分复杂。南方油气选区评价的关键是保存条件,在含油气系统中“保存单元”是优选勘探目标的重要依据。“九五”期间,一要主攻中、下扬子区,获重大突破;二要积极做好滇黔桂地区三个盆地(南盘江盆地、楚雄盆地、十万大山盆地)的预探;三要进一步搞好区域评价。