Impacts of climate change on the hydro-climatology of the upper Ishikari river basin,Japan

Evidence for climate change impacts on the hydro-climatology of Japan is plentiful. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of possible future climate change scenarios on the hydro-climatology of the upper Ishikari River basin, Hokkaido, Japan. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was set up, calibrated, and validated for the hydrological modeling of the study area. The Statistical DownScaling Model version 4.2 was used to downscale the large-scale Hadley Centre Climate Model 3 Global Circulation Model A2 and B2 scenarios data into finer scale resolution. After model calibration and testing of the downscaling procedure, the SDSM-downscaled climate outputs were used as an input to run the calibrated SWAT model for the three future periods: 2030s (2020–2039), 2060s (2050–2069), and 2090s (2080–2099). The period 1981–2000 was taken as the baseline period against which comparison was made. Results showed that the average annual maximum temperature might increase by 1.80 and 2.01, 3.41 and 3.12, and 5.69 and 3.76 °C, the average annual minimum temperature might increase by 1.41 and 1.49, 2.60 and 2.34, and 4.20 and 2.93 °C, and the average annual precipitation might decrease by 5.78 and 8.08, 10.18 and 12.89, and 17.92 and 11.23% in 2030s, 2060s, and 2090s for A2a and B2a emission scenarios, respectively. The annual mean streamflow may increase for the all three future periods except the 2090s under the A2a scenario. Among them, the largest increase is possibly observed in the 2030s for A2a scenario, up to approximately 7.56%. Uncertainties were found within the GCM, the downscaling method, and the hydrological model itself, which were probably enlarged because only one single GCM (HaDCM3) was used in this study.     

汉江流域湿地变化及其生态健康评价

湿地是土地资源类型的重要组成部分,湿地景观格局的变化与气候变化、土地利用变化密切相关。为了获取汉江流域湿地资源现状以及变化特征,科学地诊断湿地生存现状和保护湿地资源,本文基于2000、2005和2010年3期遥感卫星监测数据,分析2000-2010年来汉江流域湿地景观变化特征。运用压力-状态-响应模型分别从3个不同的角度搜集影响汉江流域湿地生态健康状况指标因子,并利用层次分析法获取评价指标权重因子,最终基于模糊层次综合分析模型定量评价汉江流域整体及上中下游湿地生态健康状况。研究结果表明：① 10年间汉江流域湿地总面积呈下降趋势,但汉江流域湿地面积随时间推移变化强度逐渐放缓;② 汉江流域湿地生态健康状况具有明显的空间差异,自西北向东南健康状况由健康向脆弱趋势变化,根据模糊层次综合评价模型得出,汉江上游流域湿地生态健康隶属于健康,中游流域湿地生态健康状况隶属于亚健康,下游区域湿地生态健康状况则隶属于脆弱状态,汉江流域湿地整体景观生态健康状况为亚健康。     

Catchment-based imperviousness metrics impacts on floods in Niushou River basin,Nanjing City,East China

Concerns regarding urbanization impacts on floods gradually moved from end-of-pipe solutions, based on open channel hydraulics improvement, to imperviousness ratio limiting and then to land use control and to integrated planning at local and large scale levels. The Niushou River basin is one of the fastest urbanizing areas in Nanjing City, East China, however, the high urban land percentage has leaded to series of flooding events. The paper aims to reveal the impact of imperviousness ratio, patterns and drainage system on flooding areas based on the unit of catchment and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The following conclusions were reached. 1) The ratio or spatial characteristics of the impervious surface affected the runoff volumes and associated floods areas. Despite the well-established drainage system, the high imperviousness ratio, particularly clustered pattern in locations such as hydrological sensitive zones aggravated the flooding tension across the basin. 2) The poor drainage hydraulic efficiency in local areas, and the lack of integral processes of infiltration, yield, storage and discharge in local catchment and larger basin are also significant factors. 3) The Niushou River basin development should improve the drainage transformations from a single local, short-term drainage process into integral, elastic processes of infiltration, yield, storage, and discharge.     

Amino Sugars and Their Indicating Role in the Cycling of Organic Matter in Marine Environment

As a kind of marine organic matter with important geochemical characteristics, amino sugars can effectively reflect the source, diagenetic state and mineralization process of organic matter by their concentration and composition in marine environment. This article systematically concluded the research progresses of amino sugars from the aspects of their source, composition and distribution characteristics in marine environment, and the role as a biomarker indicating source and diagenetic state of marine organic matter. The result showed that the macromolecular morphology, the oxygen and nutrient level and the sedimentary environment could affect the reactivity of amino sugars. The higher ratios of glucosamine to galactosamine (GlcN/GalN) and the Total Hydrolysable Amino Acids to Total Hydrolysable Amino Sugars (THAA/THAS) can reflect the fresh planktonic organic matter source and the lower ratios can reflect the conversion from planktonic to bacterial organic matter. The carbon and nitrogen normalized yield of total hydrolysable amino sugars, however, could give contradictory results depending on the relative contribution of the source and degradation degree of organic matter. Muramic acid is suitable to estimate the contribution of relatively fresh bacteria organic matter to particulate and sediment organic matter, but it is not suitable for applying in the dissolved organic matter because of its very low concentration leading from its rapid recycle. It is critical to enhance the research on the contribution of different microorganisms to amino sugars and differentiate the influence of organic matter source and degradation on amino sugars in marine environment. The research on the conversion and fate of amino sugars in marine environment is also needed.     

GLZ-1型交直流全隔离自动供电电源的研制

对于地处多雷区的地震及前兆观测台站,公用电网常常引入雷击,据统计(李泰国,2003),对于低压系统,有70％以上的雷电灾害来源于电网及通讯线路的雷电波侵入,这70％中,绝大部分又来自于电网。因此,低压系统的防雷一直是一个难以解决的问题,尽管目前流行的避雷设备很多,但造价高,且避雷效果没有保证。因此,从电源设计方面来消除雷电波影响一直受到关注。     

The metallogenic environment of the Dounan manganese deposit,Southeast Yunnan,China: evidence from geochemistry and Mössbauer spectroscopic

Acta Geochimica - The Dounan manganese deposit is a typical large-scale marine sedimentary manganese deposit of the Middle Triassic in China. The metallogenic environment and change process...     

Geochemistry and Hf Isotopes Characteristics and Geological Significance of Latest Early Permian Granodiorite of Langshan Area,Inner Mongolia

The Langshan area is located in the west of Inner Mongolia, southwest of the Solonker ophiolite belt, which is the ideal workplace to study tectonic-magmatic evolution and geodynamics background in Late Paleozoic because of the intense magmatism. LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb ages yielded the formation time of granodiorite of Sharichulu and Moruogu granitic pluton (278.07±0.66) Ma and (278.05±0.69) Ma, respectively, forming in the latest early Permian. Geochemical characteristics showed that the Zhalashan granites were high-K calc-alkaline (SiO₂：63.76%～67.88%;K₂O：2.74%～4.02%) and weak peraluminous rocks (A/CNK：0.94～1.07) with moderate Mg# values (38.98～47.53). In addition,it exhibited LILE and LREEs enriched, HFSE and HREEs depleted with slight Eu anomaly, and all of the above-mentioned indicated the characteristics of I-type granites and arc-related. Zircon Hf isotope showed that the scatter εHf（t）values varied from -0.6～-7.5, which suggests a mixed magma source of old continental crust with a small involvement of mantle components. Together with regional geological background,the authors hold that the Latest early Permian granodiorite of Langshan area formed in an active continental margin setting under the background of southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean which were not close at that time.     

钻井液性能对火山碎屑岩崩解性的影响——以青海阿克楚克塞矿区火山碎屑岩为例

为解决火山碎屑岩在钻进中易剥落、易崩塌的问题,探讨钻井液性能对火山碎屑岩崩解性的影响,以青海阿克楚克塞矿区火山碎屑岩为例,分析了其岩石样品的矿物成分,进行了岩石样品烘干和浸水循环实验,采用多元线性回归分析法分析了原1^#、2^#钻井液的主要参数和耐崩解性指数之间的关系。结果表明,钻井液的动塑比、静切力、失水量和漏斗黏度4项性能指标与火山碎屑岩崩解性的相关性可达83.37%,其中动塑比对火山碎屑岩崩解性的影响尤为显著。通过调整水解聚丙烯酰胺和褐煤树脂质量分数提高了钻井液的动塑比和稳定性,从而获得优选钻井液配方：水+4%膨润土+3% Na₂CO₃+0.1% NaOH+0.15% MV-CMC（中黏钠羧甲基纤维素）+0.5% LV-CMC（低黏钠羧甲基纤维素）+2% SPNH（褐煤树脂）+0.08% PHP（水解聚丙烯酰胺）。现场应用表明,钻进至429.00 m深度时使用优选钻井液孔底沉渣厚度较1^#钻井液降低了89.7%,较2^#钻井液降低了80.3%。     

DEM investigation of installation responses of jacked open-ended piles

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents a discrete element modelling of the installation responses of rigid open-ended piles with different diameters. A two-dimensional model of granular soil is...     

Carbon isotope characteristics,origin and distribution of the natural gases from the Tertiary salty lacustrine facies in the West Depression Region in the Qaidam Basin

Since the Meso-Cenozoic, controlled by paleoclimate, a series of fresh to brackish water basins and salt to semi-salt water basins were developed in wet climatic zones and in dry climate zones in China, respectively[1]. The geological and geochemical char…