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51.
Combined Digital Photogrammetry and Time-of-Flight Laser Scanning for Monitoring Cliff Evolution 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Michael Lim David N. Petley Nicholas J. Rosser Robert J. Allison Antony J. Long David Pybus 《The Photogrammetric Record》2005,20(110):109-129
Although cliffs form approximately 75% of the world's coastline, the understanding of the processes through which they evolve remains limited because of a lack of quantitative data on the morphological changes they undergo. In this paper the combination of terrestrial time-of-flight laser scanning with high-resolution digital photogrammetry is examined to generate high-quality data-sets pertaining to the geomorphic processes governing cliff development. The study was undertaken on a section of hard rock cliffs in North Yorkshire, UK, which has been monitored over a 12-month period. High-density, laser-scanned point clouds have been used to produce an accurate representation of these complex surfaces, free from the optical variations that degrade photographic data. These data-sets have been combined with high-resolution photographic monitoring, resampled with the fixed accuracies of the terrestrial laser survey, to generate a new approach to recording the volumetric changes in complex coastal cliffs. This has led to significant improvements in the understanding of the activity patterns of coastal cliffs. 相似文献
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一种新的储层孔隙成因类型--石英溶解型次生孔隙 总被引:26,自引:2,他引:26
石英作为碎屑岩储层中的一种难溶组分,普遍认为它和次生孔隙的形成关系不十分密切。研究认为泌阳凹陷核桃园组储层中的碎屑石英颗粒存在明显的溶解现象,并形成以石英直接溶解型孔隙为主的储集空间特征。石英颗粒被溶解的部分在薄片中所占的范围为 2 %~ 7%者常见,高者达 8%以上,在总孔隙中所占的相对含量也多数在10 %~ 35 %之间,早成岩B期是其最主要形成期。石英溶解型次生孔隙的大量存在为碎屑岩储层中SiO2 胶结物及次生孔隙成因等问题的解释以及储层预测和评价提供了新的可能性。 相似文献
54.
A multi-scale study on land use and land cover quality change: The case of the Yellow River Delta in China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This paper presents a case study of the Yellow River Delta in China, to trace land use and land cover changes during the past
20 years, with an emphasis on land quality changes. Three sets of data are used in this case study: remote sensing data derived
from satellite images; crop yield data from statistics; and soil data collected by the researchers in the field. Our study
reveals that at the regional scale, LUCC has taken place in a positive direction: vegetation cover has been expanding and
crop yields per hectare have been on rise. However, while the overall eco-environment has improved, the improvement is uneven
across the Delta region. At local levels, some areas show signs of increased salinization and declining organic content. Both
natural forces and human activities are responsible for the LUCC, but human activities play a more important role. While some
impacts of human activities are positive, the damages are often long-lasting and irreversible. We also conclude that it is
necessary to use both macro data (such as remote sensing data) and micro data (data collected in the field) to study land
quality change. The former are efficient in examining land quality changes at the regional scale, the latter can serve to
verify ground patterns revealed from macro data and help to identify local variations, so as to get a comprehensive understanding
of LUCC and promote sustainable land use and land management.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Through the accurate determination of hypocenter location,the measurement of the main focal mechanism solutions and the analyses of time dependent processes for Sichuan Mianzhu earthquake sequence with Ms=5.0 occurred along the middle segment of Longmenshan fault zone on November 30,1999,the distribution of focal depth section,the stress relase and seismicity features are given to reveal the earthquake-geneating structure of the earthquake sequence.The obtained results show the activity features for this sequence as follows:(1) There is no obvious foreshock,the accumulated strain energy releases in nearly pulse way,fluctuation of the seismic activity level is not quite evident during the duration of the sequence,and the statistical relation between the large events and the small events is less compatible with the traditional G-R estimation;(2) The epicenters of the earthquake sequence are not distributed on the main Longmenshan piedmont faults emerging out ground,but near the hidden Longmenshan piedmont faults.The direction of epicenter distribution is not very coincident with the fault strikes.The microscopic epicenters are relatively far from the macroscopic epicenters,The focal depths range from 5km to 16km;(3) The fractures of focal fault plane with the NE strike appear out the strike-slip displacement with a few overthrust components under the major principal compressive stress of NNE direction.From these,we consider it should be paid more attentions to the underground hidden faults near the ground fault zone on a large scale for their generating earthquake risk. 相似文献
58.
The experimental studies on electrical con-ductivities and P-wave velocities of anortho-site at high pressure and high temperature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Introduction The measurements of the compressional wave velocity and electrical conductivity of minerals and rocks are of fundamental importance to look into the earths interior, including composition, geotherm, generation and distribution of fluids and melts. Hydrous minerals formed by metamatu-siom are abundant within the earth. Previous studies have been carried out on the dehydration effect on the electrical conductivity and wave velocity of rocks such as serpentine, amphibole, most of whi… 相似文献
59.
区域可持续发展评价:进展与展望 总被引:55,自引:4,他引:55
可持续发展的评价是目前可持续发展研究的热点和前沿。当前评价可持续发展的单项指标和指标体系在指标与可持续性的关系、指标权重的选择、指标的定量化、可持续性的总体判别方法、资本替代性与替代速度、指标阈值的确定等方面具有不同的局限性 ,这也是可持续发展评价的主要难点。可持续发展的评价必然要落实到不同尺度的空间地理单元上 ,区域发展是评价的对象 ,因而可持续发展的评价必然具有显著的区域性 ,不同区域的评价指标或指标体系必然会有所不同。社会、经济与人口的发展是人类社会发展的主要目标 ,而发展的可持续性依赖于自然环境的质量 ,包括自然资源的再生或替代、生命支持系统与生物多样性的维持或改善。据此 ,论文构建了区域可持续发展评价的理论框架和发展——可持续性二维评价坐标体系 ,并提出了“自上而下”和“自下而上”的指标遴选方法。 相似文献
60.
青藏公路铁路沿线生态系统特征及道路修建对其影响 总被引:36,自引:2,他引:36
根据2001—08和2002—08月野外调查数据及2001年1:100万中国植被图、1996年1:400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图,以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象,运用ARCVIEW和ARC/INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响,结论如下:①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度,东西跨越12个经度,共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区,对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割,使景观更加破碎。③青藏公路铁路的建设直接破坏沿线植被生态系统(主要为50m缓冲区内),年损失总净初级生产量为30504.62t,损失总生物量432919.25~1436104.3t/a。损失总净初级生产量占1km缓冲区年净初级生产量535005.07~535740.11t/a的百分比为5.70%,占10km缓冲区年净初级生产量3408950.45~3810480.92t/a的0.80~0.89%;损失生物量占1km缓冲区生物总量7502971.85~25488342.71t/a的5.70%,占10km缓冲区总生物量43615065.35~164150665.37t/a的0.80%~0.89%。 相似文献