Notes on the Julianehåb granite of eqaluit Peninsula,Julianehåb district,Southern Greenland

Summary The Julianehåb granite has its greatest extent between Kobbermine Bay and Igaliko Fjord. His formation took place over a long space of time in the Precambrian. It is possible to distinguish Ketilidian (older) and Sanerutian (younger) granites. The older types are supposed to be autochthonous, whereas the younger show traces of older granites. In the Sanerutian period a strong reactivation is recognizable which even led to allochthonous intrusions.

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Zusammenfassung Der Julianehåb Granit hat seine größte Ausdehnung zwischen Kobbermine Bugten und Igaliko Fjord. Seine Bildung erstreckte sich über lange Zeiträume im Präkambrium. Es lassen sich Ketilidische (ältere) und Sanerutische (jüngere) Granite abgliedern. Während die älteren Typen meist durch synorogene Granitisation (autochthon) erklärbar sind, lassen die jüngeren teilweise noch Spuren von älteren Graniten erkennen. Im Sanerut ist jedenfalls eine starke Reaktivierung des Grundgebirges zu verzeichnen, die auch zu allochthonen Intrusionen führte.

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Dedicated to Prof.H. Leitmeier on the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

Principal component maps instead of trend surface maps for modal and chemical data of granitoid rock bodies

Summary Trend surface analysis may be an unsuitable method for the design of contour maps and of petrogenetic models for granitoid rock bodies. In granitoid bodies we are often dealing with several successive and superimposed petrogenetic processes, which lead to very complex regional patterns of modal or chemical data. Before drawing the contour map of a rock body it is of advantage, therefore, to separate the superimposed components of the complex pattern. The trend surface analysis allows only for the separation of the geometrically simple parts from those showing a more complex, or even random, distribution. Principal component analysis permits us to break multivariate data down into those components which are independent and result from different petrogenetic processes. For each of the most important eigenvectors which are calculated from the covariance matrix of data one contour map is drawn. The number of contour maps is therefore low and their interpretation relatively easy. The advantage of the principal comoponent analysis is demonstrated by its application to twelve granitoid rock bodies.

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Hauptkomponenten-Karten statt Trend Surface-Karten für modale und chemische Daten von granitoiden Gesteinskörpern

Zusammenfassung Die trend surface-Analyse ist als Methode zur Anfertigung von Konturkarten und Aufstellung petrogenetischer Modelle für granitoide Gesteinskörper nicht sehr geeignet. In granitoiden Gesteinskörpern haben wir es oft mit mehreren sich überlagernden oder aufeinander folgenden petrogenetischen Prozessen zu tun, die zu komplizierten regionalen Mustern modaler oder chemischer Daten führen. Bevor eine Konturkarte gezeichnet wird, ist es daher von Vorteil, das komplexe Muster in seine sich überlagernden Komponenten zu zerlegen. Die trend surface-Analyse gestattet nur die Trennung eines geometrisch einfacheren von einem komplizierteren Teil. Die Hauptkomponenten-Analyse ermöglicht es uns, die multivariaten Daten in jene unabhängigen Komponenten zu zerlegen, die auf den Einfluß verschiedener petrogenetischer Prozesse im Gesteinskörper zurückgehen. Für die größten der aus der Kovarianz-Matrix der Daten berechneten Eigenvektoren wird je eine Konturkarte gezeichnet. Die Anzahl der Konturkarten ist daher gering und ihre Interpretation relativ einfach. Die Vorteile der Hauptkomponenten-Analyse werden durch ihre Anwendung auf zwölf granitoide Gesteinskörper demonstriert.

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With 13 Figures     

Pumpellyit in Miarolen des Granits vom Königskopf bei Braunlage im Harz,Deutschland

Zusammenfassung Abweichend zu den bisher bekannten Pumpellyitparagenesen in vorwiegend basischen Gesteinen, wird hier das etwas überraschende Auftreten von Pumpellyit in Granitmiarolen des harzes beschrieben. Pumpellyit schiebt sich in der Sukzession und danach wohl auch im Bildungsverlauf zwischen Epidot und Zeolithen ein. Das Mineral, oft übersehen oder nicht richtig erkannt, ist ebenso in granitischen Miarolen anderer Gebiete zu erwarten, wie auch seine Erkennung als Schwermineral erst in den Anfängen steckt.

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Summary In contrast to hitherto known parageneses of pumpellyite in predominantly basic rocks, the somewhat surprising occurrence of pumpellyite in miaroles of granite of the Harz mountains is here reported. Pumpellyite enters in the succession between epidote and zeolite. This mineral, often overlooked or not correctly recognized, can also be expected to occur in miaroles of granites in other areas. It is only beginning to be recognized as a heavy mineral.

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Herrn Professor Dr.F. Machatschki zum 70. Geburtsag gewidmet.     

Seasonal predictability of ENSO teleconnections: the role of the remote ocean response

In this modelling study, the teleconnections of ENSO are studied using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), HadAM3. The influence of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) remote from the tropical Pacific but teleconnected with ENSO is investigated. Composite cycles of El Niño and La Niña SSTs are created and imposed on HadAM3. These SSTs are imposed in different areas, with climatological SSTs elsewhere, in order to find the influences of SSTs in different regions. It is found that most of the reproducible response to ENSO is forced directly from the tropical Pacific before the peak of the event. However, during the peak and decay of ENSO, remote SSTs become increasingly influential throughout the tropics (at the 98% significance level). This could lead to extended ENSO-related predictability due to the memory of the remote oceans. The Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent SSTs are found to be particularly influential. Indian Ocean SSTAs dampen the teleconnections from the tropical Pacific and force the atmosphere above the tropical Atlantic. More generally, when a tropical SSTA is imposed, atmospheric anomalies are forced locally with anomalies of the opposite sign to the west. Some of the reproducible response to ENSO in the tropical Atlantic is forced, not directly from the tropical Pacific but from the Indian ocean, which in turn is forced by the tropical Pacific. Subsequently, delayed SSTAs in the tropical Atlantic damp the local response and force the atmosphere above the tropical Pacific in the opposite manner.     

Palaeogeography and tectonic structure of allochthonous units in the German part of the Rheno-Hercynian Belt (Central European Variscides)

New information on palaeogeography, orogenic evolution, tectonic structure, and boundaries of allochthonous units in the Rheno-Hercynian Belt is based on provenance analyses of clastic sediments and field studies. ⁴⁰K/⁴⁰Ar dating of detrital muscovites proved to be a particularly useful method because Cadomian, Caledonian and Early Variscan provenances of detrital material can be distinguished. Cadomian muscovite cooling ages are restricted to allochthonous units whereas Caledonian ages dominate within par-autochthonous and shortly displaced allochthonous units. The largest and uppermost preserved nappe, the Gießen-Harz Nappe, is derived from an oceanic flysch basin, which was not reached by Caledonian detritus. The other allochthonous units form a duplex-like structure sandwiched between the Gießen-Harz Nappe and par-autochthonous units at its base. The thick and heterogeneous roof- and floor-thrusts of this structure were previously often misinterpreted as olistostromes. The northern margin of allochthonous units is the steeply dipping Hörre-Gommern Zone. It consists of three sub-units derived from deep-water areas between the shelf at the southern margin of the Old Red Sandstone Continent and an oceanic basin to the south. The southeastern part of the duplex-structure (Harzgerode Zone) shows close affinities to Armorican terranes.