Generation and migration: Identity crisis and political change among the Moro of the Nuba mountains

During the past half century Moro society has undergone immense economic and social transformations. The Moro adopted rural-urban and rural-rural migration, among other things, to diversify their incomes and augment their sources of livelihood. Politically, the introduction of modern political parties since independence in 1956 and the emergence of regional movements have influenced Moro perception of their reality and relationship with their Hawazma and Jellaba neighbours.I argue in this paper that due to disappointments emanating from harsh living conditions in discordant Northern Sudanese towns, the Moro translate past experiences into a common identity. Migration, in this sense, is seen as a major factor in explaining the Moro crisis of identity and their oscillation between integration and aloofness or modernity and traditionalism.     

Temporal variation of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic Basin

A total of 269 tropical storms and hurricanes originated in the North Atlantic basin from 1960–1989. Of these, 76 made landfall on the continental United states. This study divides the 76 tropical storms into their month of formation. Seasonal shifts in the principal areas of tropical cyclone formation over the Atlantic basin have been recognized for many decades. The results of the study suggest that the early and late season tropical cyclones develop in areas which are first affected by the position of the sun, resulting in an increase in water temperatures. These cyclones normally make landfall along the Gulf Coast and usually are of low intensity. Formation areas shift eastward in mid-summer with a slight increase in intensity. By late August and early September, the formation areas have extended to the Cape Verde Islands. These storms tend to strike the east coast of the US and are normally more intense. By the end of the hurricane season, the primary formation area has shifted back to the Gulf of Mexico, with low intensity storms affecting the Gulf Coast.     

Structure and evolution of a tropopause fold during GALE IOP-1: An eta model study

Summary A fine-mesh regional model simulation of upper-level cyclogenesis is carried out to examine the structure and evolution of the accompanying tropopause fold and its relationship to the surface and upper-level cyclones. The initial state for the simulation, conducted using the 80-km, 16-level version of the National Meteorological Center Eta model, uses the Level III-b gridded dataset for 1200 UTC, 18 January 1986, during the First Intensive Observing Period (IOP-1) of the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE) project.Results are presented from a 48 hour integration of the model. The emphasis is on the examination of the synoptic scale evolution and structure of the upper-level cyclone and tropopause fold, both of which were successfully simulated in the model. The potential vorticity structure associated with a propagating jet-streak displayed distinctive structure, with its tilt reversing as the jet-streak moved around the base of an amplifying upper-level trough. In addition, the model simulates the intrusion of dry, stratospheric air containing high potential vorticity anomalies into the lower troposphere as well as subsidence warming when the folding of the tropopause occurs. the model also predicts upper-level frontogenesis as a result of a thermally indirect secondary circulation in the exit region of the jet-streak. The success of the model simulation is most likely the result of comprehensive physics and the fine grid resolution employed and, more importantly, the excellent distribution of subsynoptic scale initial data during the GALE project.With 16 Figures     

Neptune: A marine micropaleontology database

Marine micropaleontology must in the future provide more precise chronologic and paleoenvironmental information, which in turn must be based on better, more consistent taxonomic and distributional data. Better tools for synthesis and standardization of this data are needed, as the ever expanding published literature is rapidly becoming unmanageable by purely manual compilation methods. The micropaleontology group at the ETH has developed a large relational database of marine microfossil data to partially meet this need. It currently contains biogeographic data on the distribution in Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) holes of nearly 8,000 species of Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera, radiolaria, diatoms and calcareous nannofossils. The database also includes full stratigraphic occurrence (range chart) data for these fossil groups from more than 100 selected Neogene holes. A particular feature of the database is that all sample information and species names in the original reports are linked to newly created, updatable, comprehensive age models and synonymy lists which reflect modern chronology and taxonomic usage. Searches of the database automatically make use of this information in producing reports. Species ' occurrences, including first and last occurrence information, can be further analyzed using external spreadsheet and statistics packages; plotted by mapping programs; or displayed by a new program which creates composite age-range charts.     

The Antarctic circumpolar current and its influence on the Earth's rotation

Summary At least in case of semidiurnal tides, theirmotions contain most of their relative angular momentum. There are other periodic currents in the ocean with cycles of months to years which may influence the Earth's rotation within such time scales. These currents are mainly due to seasonal or climatic variations of the wind stress and the water mass distribution in the oceans. The main question is: how much of the oceanic angular momentum is temporarily stored within the oceans and what is the time scale of the transfer to the solid Earth. As an example, we have estimated the phase and the amplitude of the angular momentum which is stored in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Its phase resembles the one of the whole observed semiannual discrepancy in the angular momentum budget of the solid Earth plus the atmosphere; the amplitudes are comparable.

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Der Antarktische Ringstrom und sein Einfluß auf die Erdrotation

Zusammenfassung Zumindest im Fall der halbtägigen Gezeiten der Ozeane enthalten derenBewegungen den größten Teil ihres variablen Drehimpulses. Andere periodische Meeresströmungen mit Perioden von Monaten bis Jahren könnten die Erdrotation ebenfalls beeinflussen. Solche Strömungen werden vor allem durch jahreszeitliche oder klimatische Veränderungen der Schubspannung des Windes und der Wasserstände verursacht. Die Hauptfrage ist jedenfalls diese: Wieviel Drehimpuls ist in jeder Phase in den Ozeanen gespeichert, und in welcher Zeit wird er mit der festen Erde ausgetauscht. Als Beispiel haben wir Phase und Amplitude des Drehimpulses abgeschätzt, der im Antarktischen Ringstrom enthalten ist. Diese Werte wurden mit den entsprechenden der Diskrepanz verglichen, die in der Bilanz feste Erde plus Atmosphäre offen bleibt. Die Phasen stimmen gut überein, und die Amplituden sind vergleichbar.

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Le courant circumpolaire antarctique et son influence sur la rotation de la terre

Résumé Au moins dans le cas des marées semi-diurnes lesmouvements des océans «contiennent» la plus grande partie de la variabilité de la quantité de moment angulaire de la terre. D'autres courants océaniques périodiques dont la période varie du mois à l'année peuvent aussi avoir une influence sur la rotation de la terre. De tels courants sont avant tout provoqués par des variations saisonnières ou climatiques de la tension superficielle due aux vents et des niveaux d'eau dans les océans. La question principale est en tout cas la suivante: quelle est à chaque phase la quantité de moment angulaire stockée dans les océans et en combien de temps est-elle échangée avec la masse solide de la terre. A titre d'exemple, nous avons évalué la phase et l'amplitude de la quantité de moment angulaire stockée dans le courant circumpolaire antarctique. Ces valeurs furent comparées aux valeurs correspondantes de l'anomalie qui subsiste dans le bilan terre solide plus atmosphère. Les phases sont concordantes et les amplitudes sont comparables.

     

Contamination des sédiments superficiels des principales rivières du Canton de Genève par les Polychlorobiphényles et DDT

The concentrations of PCBs and DDT at the surface of sediments of rivers in the Canton of Geneva were examined. Concentration variations observed along the rivers are discussed. In the case of the Rhône River, recent pollution at the surface of sediments is compared with that of aged underlying layers.