旅游驱动型传统村落“三生”空间功能更新的特征、模式与逻辑——以湖南省张谷英村为例

以湖南省传统村落张谷英村为例,利用GIS技术构造土地利用转移矩阵,探讨旅游驱动型传统村落“三生”空间功能更新特征和逻辑模式。结果表明：1）张谷英村“三生”功能更新主要表现出生活功能产居一体化、生产功能旅游化、生态功能景观化、旅游功能多样化的旅游适应性特征及圈层分化和阶段有序的时空分异特征。2）张谷英村通过生活空间的人文景观开发与民俗文脉挖掘、生产空间的多元高质旅游服务模块构建、生态空间的生态环境保育与自然景观修复,实现传统物质空间的旅游功能更新和功能融合发展。3）旅游驱动型乡村社会通过供需关系构建、示范效应延伸、主客交往反馈,扩展功能更新范围、加深功能更新程度、提升多元功能质量。“三生”功能的更新存在一种相互促进、相互演化的共生耦合关系,其旅游化过程体现了空间结构有序变迁和空间属性质量提升的协同演化进程,以多功能交互、多层次联动的综合路径推助乡村振兴。     

台风水汽稳定同位素组成与天气过程的关系——以2015 年13 号台风“苏迪罗”为例

基于台风“苏迪罗”（1513）影响前后南京实时高频监测的水汽稳定同位素数据,并结合再分析资料、HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型分析了大气水汽δ¹⁸O与天气过程之间的关系以及大气水汽过量氘所指示的水汽来源。结果表明,1）整个台风影响过程水汽δ¹⁸O先保持基本不变后一直下降的趋势,而水汽过量氘则呈现完全相反的变化趋势。2）根据台风“苏迪罗”影响前后南京水汽δ¹⁸O变化特征,将其划分为3个阶段：Ⅰ阶段水汽δ¹⁸O较高与南京地区较为稳定的大气条件相对应,水汽过量氘值较低指示南京地区主要受海洋水汽影响;Ⅱ阶段台风环流及其残压和北方南下冷空气相互作用造成南京地区强降水,水汽凝结和降雨蒸发的共同作用导致水汽δ¹⁸O不断贫化,较高的水汽过量氘表明南京地区主要受海洋和局地混合水汽的影响;Ⅲ阶段可能是中尺度下沉气流导致南京地区极端偏负的δ¹⁸O和高水汽过量氘。     

Melut盆地富含CO2油气藏的成因及期次

Palogue油田的发现打开了Melut盆地古近系勘探新方向,证实了北部凹陷为富油气凹陷.Palogue油田具有以下白垩统为主力烃源岩,古近系为主力成藏组合的跨时代运聚风格,幔源CO₂气体对油气的聚集和改造具有不可忽略的作用.通过对CO₂气体、原油特征、生标特征、包裹体特征进行研究,结合地层埋藏史,分析油气特征及成藏期次.结果表明:Palogue油田具有两期成藏的特征,古近纪中期发生第1期油气成藏事件,随后原油被降解;古近纪晚期-新近纪以来,伴随幔源CO₂气体油气发生第2次运移充注事件,且CO₂气体对油藏进行了强烈的气洗作用.      

甘肃白银厂铜多金属矿田地球化学场特征及信息提取

甘肃白银厂铜多金属硫化物矿田位于北祁连造山带东段,近年来面临严重的资源枯竭危险。通过对区内的构造地球化学测量数据进行多元统计、指数累加等方法的分析,进一步探讨了矿田内地球化学场分布特征,提取更多的找矿预测地球化学信息;研究发现矿田内主要的成矿元素分布受岩性及构造的双重控制,具有明显的北西向成带、北东向成串的特征,矿田中部和外围具有不同的地球化学异常场特征。构造地球化学测量的主要指示元素为 Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、K、W等。根据地球化学场分布特征分析认为拉牌沟地区赋矿酸性火山岩向北侧伏,其深部具有一定的找矿前景。基于特征因子得分推断出矿田内具有北东向、北北东向、北东东向、北西向4组规模较大的断裂构造21条,最晚期形成的北西向次级断裂F15-F21是主要的控矿构造。已知的古火山喷口位于W-Au-Mn-Fe-Ti-V-Ba-K-S因子得分小于-0.7的负异常中心内,据此厘定出11个中心喷发口和5个火山喷发中心,已知的矿床位于火山喷发中心内或各火山中心喷发口的结合部。本研究为该矿田开展找矿预测工作提供了有利的地球化学找矿信息。     

THERMAL EFFECTS OF BUILDING＇S EXTERNAL SURFACES IN CITY——Characteristics of Heat Flux into and out of External Wall Surfaces

This study examined the thermal effects of building‘s external wall surfaces, using observational data of spatial-temporal distribution of surface temperature, air temperature, and heat flux into and out of external surface. Results indicate that external wall surface temperature and nearby air temperature vary with the change of orientation, height and season. In general, the external wall surface temperature is lower near the ground, and is higher near the roof, than nearby air temperature. But north wall surface temperature is mostly lower than nearby air temperature at the same height; south wall surface temperature during the daytime in December, and west wall surface temperature all day in August, is respectively higher than nearby air temperature. The heat fluxes into and out of external wall surfaces show the differences that exist in the various orientations, heights and seasons. In December,south wall surface at the lower sites emits heat and north wall surface at the higher sites absorbs heat. In April, all external wall surfaces, emit heat near the ground and absorb heat near the roof. In August, west wall surface all day emits heat, and other wall surfaces just show the commensurate behavior with that in April.     

气象卫星遥感地表温度推算近地表气温方法研究

气温是各种植物生理、水文、气象、环境等模式或模型中的一个非常重要的近地表气象参数.多年来气温数据以离散的常规气象站点观测为主,连续分布的格点气温数据则以站点资料插值而得到,分辨率低,无法反映地形等下垫面因素对局地气温的影响,在农业气候区划等研究中具有一定的局限性.随着卫星遥感地表温度算法的日趋成熟,为探讨卫星遥感地表温度数据在气温观测中的可能性和可行性,利用全中国2340个站点1998 2007年的逐旬平均最高气温数据,以及相应时段的NOAA/AVHRR旬最高地表温度数据,以线性回归及拟合模型为主,通过考虑植被指数、土地覆盖类型、季节、风速、气压、降水等各类影响因子,建立了旬最高地表温度与旬平均最高气温间的推算模型,并利用未参与建模的2002-2003年的常规气象站点气温数据,同时与推算气温和插值气温结果进行对比分析.结果表明,利用卫星遥感地表温度数据推算的旬值气温数据可取得较高的精度,尤其在地形复杂地区以及站点稀疏地区精度明显高于插值气温结果.     

Radiation-induced defects in quartz. III. Single-crystal EPR,ENDOR and ESEEM study of a peroxy radical

The X- and W-band single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of an electron-irradiated natural quartz permit quantitative analysis of a ²⁹Si hyperfine structure (A ~12.6 MHz) and an ²⁷Al hyperfine structure (A ≤ 0.8 MHz) for a previously reported hole-like center. The ²⁹Si hyperfine structure arises from interaction with two equivalent Si atoms and is characterized by the direction of the unique A axis close to a Si–O bond direction. The ²⁷Al hyperfine structure, confirmed by pulsed electron nuclear double resonance and electron spin echo envelope modulation spectra, is characterized by the unique A axis approximately along a twofold symmetry axis. These ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al hyperfine data, together with published theoretical results on peroxy radicals in SiO₂ as well as our own density functional theory (DFT) calculations on model peroxy centers, suggest this hole-like center to have the unpaired spin on a pair of oxygen atoms linked to two symmetrically equivalent Si atoms and a substitutional Al³⁺ ion across the c-axis channel, a first peroxy radical in quartz. The nuclear quadrupole matrix P also suggests that the Al³⁺ ion corresponds closely to the diamagnetic precursor to the [AlO₄]⁰ center. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

An X-Ray Study of Lobe-Dominated Radio-Loud Quasars with XMM-Newton

We report on our results of X-ray spectral analysis for a sample of radio-loud quasars covering a wide range of the radio core-dominance parameter, R, from core-dominated to lobe-dominated objects, using data obtained mostly with the XMM-Newton Observatory. We find that the spectral shape of the underlying power-law continuum is flat even for the lobe-dominated objects (average photon index ～ 1.5), indistinguishable from that of core-dominated quasars. For lobe-dominated objects, contribution of X-rays from the jets is expected to be very small based on previous unification schemes, more than one order of magnitude lower than the observed X-ray luminosities. Assuming that radio-loud quasars follow the same X-ray-UV/optical luminosity relation for the disk-corona emission as found for radio-quiet quasars, we estimate the X-ray flux contributed by the disk-corona component from the optical/UV continuum. We find that neither the luminosity, nor the spectral shape, of the disk-corona X-ray emission can account for the bulk of the observed X-ray properties. Thus in lobe-dominated quasars, either the disk-corona X-ray emission is much enhanced in strength and flatter in spectral shape (photon index～1.5) compared to normal radio-quiet quasars, or their jet X-ray emission is much enhanced compared to their weak radio core-jet emission. If the latter is the case, our result may imply that the jet emission in X-rays is less Doppler beamed than that in the radio. As a demonstrating example, we test this hypothesis by using a specific model in which the X-ray jet has a larger opening angle than the radio jet.     

Torrential rainfall-triggered shallow landslide characteristics and susceptibility assessment using ensemble data-driven models in the Dongjiang Reservoir Watershed,China

Natural Hazards - This study investigated the characteristics of rainfall-triggered landslides during the Typhoon Bilis in the Dongjiang Reservoir Watershed, China. The comparative shallow...