地球化学场分解的理论与方法

由于多期地质地球化学作用的相互叠加，地球化学场通常表现为复杂的叠加场。在叠加场内，元素组合的成因特征、变差函数的多级套合结构和多标度分形谱能有效地反映地质地球化学的多期性。相应地，用Ｒ型因子分析法、单变量因子克立格法和多标度分形谱便能有效地实现地球化学场的分解。     

郯庐断裂带北段形成的年代学及其意义

对郯庐断裂带北段内的依兰－伊通断裂带测定断民支岩的黑云母单矿物＾４０Ａｒ／＾３９Ａｒ坪年龄为１００±２．３－９５．７±２．７４Ｍａ，同时测定了带内的辉绿岩全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为１００±５．９Ｍａ，而辉绿岩中辉石单矿物的＾４０Ａｒ／＾３９Ａｒ坪年龄为１０５Ｍａ。结合断裂切过下白垩统泉头组，表明左行走滑断裂形成于１００Ｍａ左右，即早白垩世末期。     

青海湖浮游植物群落时空格局及其环境驱动因子

为了解青海湖浮游植物群落结构特征、时空分布格局及其关键环境驱动因子,于2020年5月(春)、8月(夏)、10月(秋)对青海湖进行系统调查,分析浮游植物群落在3个季度和4个区域(湖滨带、进水区、浅水区和深水区)间的差异。3次调查共检出浮游植物6门39属65种,物种组成以硅藻(36种,占总物种数的55.38%)、绿藻(17种,26.15%)和蓝藻(7种,10.76%)为主。4个区域间的浮游植物丰度存在显著差别,其中深水区丰度显著高于其他区域,主要原因可能在于深水区的环境较为稳定。3个季节间,浮游植物丰度和生物量具有较大差异:夏季和秋季的丰度、生物量均为春季的近10倍;浮游植物的优势类群和种类也发生了较大的变化:春季最具优势类群为硅藻门,优势种也主要隶属于硅藻门,而夏、秋两季则以蓝藻门种属占据主要优势。春季浮游植物的Pielou均匀度和Simpson多样性指数显著高于夏、秋两季,秋季Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数高于夏季。PERMANOVA分析和NMDS分析显示,青海湖浮游植物群落结构在不同区域和不同季节间具有显著差异。此外,dbRDA分析表明:盐度、水温和总磷...     

FS-J1四分量净全辐射表在北极地区的性能评测

在全球变暖的背景下,全球的净全辐射监测越来越受到人们的重视,逐渐成为研究区域天气气候的重要手段。为了研究国产FS-J1型四分量净全辐射表在极地条件下的各项性能,于2017年4月10—23日在美国阿拉斯加巴罗地区(203.5°E,71.4°N)进行了为期2周的地面净全辐射量实时监测,并与极地地区应用较广的CNR4型四分量净全辐射表进行对比测试。结果表明:(1)在表面无结冰/霜条件下,国产仪器FS-J1型四分量净全辐射表在不同晴空和日夜条件下都表现出较好的精度和线性关系,各项参数与CNR4的相对误差和相关系数总体分别在5%以内和0.9以上。(2)受极地条件影响,FS-J1表面结冰/霜后,会对辐射变化的响应出现延迟,对总辐射表和地球辐射表分别能造成最大约25%和7%的相对误差。所以针对极地辐射站加设合适的通风加热装置、发展较为合理的误差订正方案仍是国产仪器以后需要改进的关键点。     

自动气象站的雷电防护

针对自动气象站安装在室外易遭雷击以及微电子装置的脆弱性，结合河南省自动气象站实际情况及设备的维护维修经验，探讨如何做好自动气象站雷电防护工作。     

江西相山铀矿田构造控矿规律研究

对江西相山铀矿田内断裂构造格架及火山构造特征做了研究,认为相山火山盆地和断裂构造的成生与发育受永丰-抚州深断裂演化控制。从构造控矿作用看,相山铀矿田受大型中心式塌陷火盆控制,北部的EW向断裂带和中西部的EW向构造断陷带控制着矿田内的矿集带,NE向与EW向断裂构造复合部位控制了矿床的位置,密集成群的断裂裂隙带控制着铀矿体,使各矿床中的铀矿体呈群脉型。这些铀矿田地质构造特征及控矿规律对进一步找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

吉林省心脑血管疾病与气象条件关系分析和预报研究

利用吉林省部分地区医院病例资料及气象资料,分析了吉林省心脑血管疾病与气象条件的关系。结果发现:心脑血管疾病的复发、加重与气象条件有一定的关系,但不同的患者对天气变化的敏感性有一定的差异。在各种天气条件中,以气压低、感觉闷热的影响最为显著,确认率达74%。不论冬半年还是夏半年,长春市气压和气温的大幅变化都易引起冠心病复发,较大幅度的气压升高、气温下降对脑出血、脑梗塞不利,高血压主要与气压的波动、相对湿度关系较为密切。辽源市心脑血管疾病在日平均气温和极端气温下降、气压上升时发病人数增加。气象要素影响心脑血管疾病的机理分析表明:高温、高湿天气将造成心排出量增加,心功能减弱,心排血量降低;强降温将导致人体内的肾上腺素水平上升,从而造成心律加快,血压升高,同时寒冷刺激可使交感神经过度兴奋,诱发冠状动脉痉挛甚至心肌梗死。最后,建立了长春市和辽源市医疗气象预报模型。     

闪电定位数据快速传输的通信应用

北京市气象局是国内首次使用SAFIR3000闪电定位系统的用户。闪电定位系统对数据的传输实时要求很高,而国内通信线路和国外通信线路有些差别,选择合理有效的传输方式对提高闪电定位系统的应用非常重要。闪电定位系统实时数据的传输方法有很多种。目前主要有专线接入传输方式、Internet和无线通信相结合的VPN接入传输方式、Internet转发传输方式,这些通信方法是实时采集气象数据非常有效的手段。北京市气象局的闪电定位系统采用的是Internet转发传输方式。     

Geology and C-O isotope geochemistry of carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, NW Guizhou Province, SW China

The Pb-Zn metallogenic district in NW Guizhou Province is an important part of the Yun-nan-Sichuan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province, and also is one of the most important Pb-Zn producers in China. The hosting rocks of the Pb-Zn deposits are Devonian to Permian carbonate rocks, and the basement rocks are meta-sedimentary and igneous rocks of the Proterozoic Kunyang and Huili groups. The ore minerals are composed of sphalerite, galena and pyrite, and the gangue minerals are include calcite and dolomite. Geology and C-O isotope of these deposits were studied in this paper. The results show that δ13C and δ18O values of hydrothermal calcite, altered wall rocks-dolostone, sedimentary calcite and hosting carbonate rocks range from -5.3‰ to -0.6 ‰ (mean -3.4‰) and +11.3‰ to +20.9 ‰ (mean +17.2‰), -3.0‰ to +0.9 ‰ (mean -1.3‰) and +17.0‰ to +20.8‰ (mean +19.7‰), +0.6‰ to +2.5 ‰ (mean +1.4‰) and +23.4‰ to +26.5 ‰ (mean +24.6‰), and -1.8‰ to +3.9‰ (mean +0.7‰) and +21.0‰ to +26.8‰ (mean +22.9‰), respectively, implying that CO2 in the ore-forming fluids was mainly a result of dissolution of Devonian and Carboniferous carbonate rocks. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contribution of sediment de-hydroxylation. Based on the integrated analysis of geology, C and O isotopes, it is believed that the ore-forming fluids of these carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in this area were derived from multiple sources, including hosting carbonate rocks, Devonian to Permian sedimentary rocks and basement rocks (the Kun-yang and Huili groups). Therefore, the fluids mixing is the main precipitation mechanism of the Pb-Zn deposit in this province.     

One hundred-year sedimentary record of heavy metal accumulation in the southeastern Liaodong Bay of China

Integrated analyses of grain size, ²¹⁰Pb stable isotope, and heavy metals were performed to characterize the sedimentary core LDC30 collected from the southeastern Liaodong Bay of China and investigate the 100-year history of heavy metal accumulation. The aluminum-normalized enrichment factors and the excess metal fluxes (MF_xs) indicated that the metal accumulation in the southeastern Liaodong Bay occurred in three stages: a pre-industrial stage (prior to 1960s) with natural accumulation, an initial industrial stage (1960–1990) with slowly elevated accumulation, and an industrialized stage (post-1990s) with accelerated accumulation. A moderate enrichment of Cd and Pb (up to 4.1- and 2.6-fold over the baseline, respectively) and a slight enrichment of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn (up to 1.3-fold) were measured in the recent sediments. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were from the natural origin, whereas Cd and Pb from the anthropogenic origin. The MF_xs of Cd and Pb showed a drastically increasing trend since 1990s, which could result from the intensive application of fertilizers and combustion of fossil fuels.