富氯造岩矿物中溴的分子结构

卤族元素诸如氯和溴作为地球化学示踪剂,常用于指示岩浆、变质岩和热液的来源和演化过程。而认清溴在造岩矿物中的形态和结构有助于丰富和完善其在地质环境演变中的示踪作用。但是,溴在造岩矿物中的含量极低导致大多数结构分析方法都无法使用,因此造岩矿物中微量溴的结构研究极具挑战性。本文采用 ⁸¹Br魔角旋转核磁共振(MAS NMR)光谱和同步辐射吸收光谱(XAS)技术,首次对富氯造岩矿物中的微量溴进行了结构分析。结果表明溴离子在方硼石中的微区结构不同于该矿物中三配位Cl原子的结构环境,而与Mg₃B₇O₁₃Br中八面体配位的溴离子相似,表明即使在微量条件下也存在域偏析。而对其他富氯造岩矿物的Br K边X光吸收近边结构(XANES)光谱白线峰的位置和扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)分析表明微量溴离子替代了这些矿物中氯的位置,导致局部结构扭曲膨胀。溴离子在造岩矿物中的这一微观结构研究结果可为探索氯和溴在地质演变过程的指示作用提供新的科学依据。     

Engineering characteristics of near-fault vertical ground motions and their effect on the seismic response of bridges

A wide variety of near-fault strong ground motion records were collected from various tectonic environments worldwide and were used to study the peak value ratio and response spectrum ratio of the vertical to horizontal component of ground motion, focusing on the effect of earthquake magnitude, site conditions, pulse duration, and statistical component. The results show that both the peak value ratio and response spectrum ratio are larger than the 2/3 value prescribed in existing seismic codes, and the relationship between the vertical and horizontal ground motions is comparatively intricate. In addition, the effect of the near-fault ground motions on bridge performance is analyzed, considering both the material nonlinear characteristics and the P~? effect.     

基于等效电路的舰船轴频电流建模与实验分析

针对舰船轴频电场信号源的发生机理和应用研究的问题,以实验室轴电流模拟装置为平台, 建立了一种基于等效电路的舰船轴频电流的模型,研究了轴电流模拟装置的大轴振动情况,对大轴电流进行了建模仿真,得到了不同转速下大轴轴电流波形图及其频谱,使用轴电流模拟装置进行了轴电流实验。 通过仿真结果与轴电流实验数据对比,计算得到该建模方法轴电流平均误差在 8% 以内,验证了该建模方法在理论上的可行性。     

A Type-Curve Method for the Analysis of Pumping Tests with Piecewise-Linear Pumping Rates

Aquifer hydraulic parameters are commonly inferred from constant-rate pumping tests, while variable pumping rates are frequently encountered in actual field conditions. In this study, we propose a generally applicable dimensionless form of the analytical solution for variable-rate pumping tests in confined aquifers. In particular, we adopt a piecewise-linear fitting of variable pumping rates and propose a new type-curve method for estimating the hydraulic conductivity (K ) and specific storage (S_s ) of the investigated confined aquifer. For each test, a series of type curves, which depend on the variable pumping rates, the location of observation wells and the introduced first dimensionless inflection time, need to be provided for matching the observed drawdown data on a log-log graph. We first demonstrate the applicability and robustness of this method through a synthetic pumping test. Subsequently, we apply this method to analyze drawdown data from four pumping tests conducted within a multilayered aquifer/aquitard system in Wuxi city, Jiangsu Province, China. The parameter estimates are then compared with those reported by PEST. The K and S_s values estimated by the new type-curve method are found to be quite close to PEST-based estimates. Parameter estimation results demonstrate the difference in K and S_s values between observation wells. The difference could be attributed to the spatial heterogeneity in K and S_s . A future research topic may focus on the characterization of K and S_s heterogeneity with the currently available drawdown data from variable-rate pumping tests.     

Research on ultrasonic-based investigation of mechanical properties of ice

Arctic sea ice area and thickness have declined dramatically during the recent decades. Sea ice physical and mechanical properties become increasingly important. Traditional methods of studying ice mechanical parameters such as ice-coring cannot realize field test and long-term observation. A new principle of measuring mechanical properties of ice using ultrasonic was studied and an ultrasonic system was proposed to achieve automatic observation of ice mechanical parameters (Young’s modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus). The ultrasonic system can measure the ultrasonic velocity through ice at different temperature, salinity and density of ice. When ambient temperature decreased from 0°C to ?30°C, ultrasonic velocity and mechanical properties of ice increased, and vice versa. The shear modulus of the freshwater ice and sea ice varied from 2.098 GPa to 2.48 GPa and 2.927 GPa to 4.374 GPa, respectively. The bulk modulus of freshwater ice remained between 3.074 GPa and 4.566 GPa and the sea ice bulk modulus varied from 1.211 GPa to 3.089 GPa. The freshwater ice Young’s modulus kept between 5.156 GPa and 6.264 GPa and sea ice Young’s modulus varied from 3.793 GPa to 7.492 GPa. The results of ultrasonic measurement are consistent with previous studies and there is a consistent trend of mechanical modulus of ice between the process of ice temperature rising and falling. Finally, this ultrasonic method and the ultrasonic system will help to achieve the long-term observation of ice mechanical properties of ice and improve accuracy of sea ice models.     

2017年5月11日新疆塔什库尔干5.5级地震生命损失评估对比分析

2017年5月11日,新疆喀什地区塔什库尔干县发生5.5级地震。地震造成8人死亡、31人受伤以及财产损失,属于典型的“小震大灾”。按照一般的地震灾害损失快速评估方法,得到的评估结果与实际结果差别较大。为探讨评估结果偏离的原因,本文对不同地震损失评估方案进行比较分析,探讨了地震致灾性（地震影响场分布）、承灾体（人口）分布等因素对地震损失评估结果的影响。结果表明在此次地震快速评估中,基于宏观震中确定的地震影响场较微观震中更接近实际分布;地震烈度衰减的平均估计模型给出的地震烈度区面积明显小于实际面积;极震区存在抗震能力相对低的土木、砖木结构房屋,是造成该地震震级相对小而生命损失相对大的“小震大灾”的重要原因。对比分析结果表明,提高人口、房屋建筑等风险暴露数据的空间精准性,改善地震震中定位与地震影响场估计的准确性,将有助于提高地震应急损失评估的准确性。     

钢-混凝土组合结构体系抗震可靠性研究

天津市丽苑小区1号楼工程采用了新型的钢-混凝土组合结构体系,该体系由方钢管混凝土柱和钢梁组成的外框架以及混凝土剪力墙、核心筒组成。本文以该工程为研究对象,利用基于分支限界法编制的程序分析了这种新型结构体系的抗震可靠性,得出了若干结论。     

钻井进尺测量电路的防振措施

针对钻机在钻井过程中产生强烈振动给一些参数的测量带来困难的问题,在介绍机电测量中常用的光电编码器的电路组成及其工作原理的基础上,分析了将编码器用于钻速及进尺测量时,在电路上所采取的防振措施,并给出了在实际使用中已取得很好效果的测量电路。     

不均匀性束内充塞效应对星载测雨雷达 反演算法的影响

星载雷达在地面的足印可达数公里,强降雨团的特征尺度也仅为几公里,加上波束内各部分对回波的贡献是非线性的,研究不均匀性束内充塞效应（Non Uniform Beam Filling,或简称NUBF）对星载测雨雷达反演雨强算法的影响就显得非常重要。利用TOGA/COARE期间Ku波段机载雷达实测资料提供的不同的降雨结构进行不均匀性束内充塞效应的研究。     

Food habits and seasonal variation of stomach contents of tongue soleCynoglossus semilaevis (Günther) in the Bohai Sea

Examination of the food habits and seasonal variation of the stomach contents of adult tongue sole,Cynoglossus semilaevis (Günther) taken in July 1982–July 1983 from Laizhou Bay and the Huanghe River estuary of the Bohai Sea showed crustacea, bivalvia and small fishes comprised the main prey. Invertebrates such as polychaeta, cephalopoda, gastropoda, echinodermata and actiniaria were also intermittently found in them. They intensively fed all the year found (monthly feeding rate of over 80%). The main food items wereAlpheus japonica, Alpheus distinguendus. Oratosquilla oratoria, Eucrate crenata andCarcinoplax vestitus, etc. In summer and autumn, the portion of bivalvia such asCultellus attenuatus andMusculus senhousei increased steadily. From summer to winter, a stable proportion of small fishes such asRhinogobius pflaumi andSetipinna taty was in the diet. Contribution No. 1637 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.