基于路网分割的京津冀城乡空间识别及特征分析

提出一种基于路网分割应用于区域尺度快速识别城乡边界的方法。该方法利用路网与城市空间格局的强耦合联系,通过城乡斑块地理分割与精度计算确定城市斑块的最优解,识别区域城乡空间。以京津冀为例开展方法验证,分析了区域城乡空间格局、路网特征及城市用地经济效率。结果表明,该方法识别精度较高,可用于低成本、快速、高效的区域城乡空间识别;京津冀城市空间格局呈现“大京津、小河北”的差异性,路网密度特征呈现京、津、石3个显著的高密度区域,二者存在高耦合性;2015年该区域城市用地经济效益总体良好,石家庄、保定、和承德3市综合效率值欠佳,需进一步提高土地利用效率。     

Organic-rich formation and hydrocarbon enrichment of lacustrine shale strata: A case study of Chang 7 Member

Lacustrine shale is an important target for the exploration of unconventional oil and gas in China beyond marine shale gas.However,the formation environment of lacustrine shale differs from that of marine shale,resulting in a different reservoir composition,organic matter,oil and gas content,and hydrocarbon mobility.In this study,the Chang 7 shale of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin was used to analyze the effect of volcanic activity on the paleoproductivity and preservation conditions during the formation of lacustrine shale.The results show that algae and bacteria were developed before the eruption.After the eruption,the number of bacteria declined,but the increased prosperity of algae reflects that the volcanic activity enhanced ancient productivity.The sulfate generated by volcanic activity promotes bacterial sulfate reduction,and the produced H₂S leads to a strong reducing environment in the waterbody,which is conducive to the preservation of organic matter.Organic geochemical analysis shows that the black shale in the shale strata has a high total organic carbon(TOC)content and strong hydrocarbon generation potential,whereas the tuff has a low TOC content and can scarcely generate hydrocarbons,indicating that the tuff deposited by volcanic activity cannot be considered as effective source rock.In terms of storage space,shale is mainly laminar and dispersed,and it includes organic and inorganic pores.The development of organic pores is affected by thermal maturity,whereas inorganic pores mainly occur between detrital particles and crystals.Tuff is mainly supported by heterogeneous matrix and associated with alteration.Its pores include inter-and intragranular mineral pores.The development of tight sandstone pores is affected by compaction,cementation,and dissolution,which mainly consist of intra-and intergranular pores.The Chang 7 lacustrine shale generally contains oil,but different lithologies have different oil drainage efficiencies.Sandstone and shale exhibit the best and worst oil drainage efficiency,respectively.It is mainly affected by the pore size distribution,fluid properties,and rock wettability.Therefore,the development of shale oil should mainly focus on lacustrine shale formations with interbeds.The mutual dissolution of organic matter and hydrocarbons in the shale section leads to the poor mobility and difficult development of hydrocarbons.     

基于GIS技术的广园快速路数字化管理系统研究

首先介绍了“数字广园”概况及建立GIS平台的意义,接着介绍了相关的技术路线以及实现的业务功能。利用GIS技术建立“数字广园”系统,实现了交通信息与地图的有机结合,进行可视化、智能化、高效率的指挥管理,为广园路管理部门和规划部门等相关部门提供准确、直观的决策信息,大大加快广园快速路信息化的步伐。     

塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响

塔里木盆地二叠纪时发生了强烈的岩浆-火山作用,与之相关的热液流体沿着断裂、裂缝以及不整合面活动,并与所经碳酸盐岩围岩发生反应,使围岩发生不同程度的溶蚀改造,主要表现在:1热液溶蚀和热褪色现象显著;2沉淀生成多种热液矿物组合,如萤石-石英组合、闪锌矿-绿泥石-方解石组合,重晶石-石英-黄铁矿-菱铁矿组合等;3热液作用区域碳酸盐岩成分发生了明显的变化,主要表现为Fe、Mn、Si等元素含量的升高,比正常灰岩高出几倍至几十倍。上述特点与岩溶作用和成岩溶蚀作用特征明显不同。对典型钻孔碳酸盐岩储层研究表明,无论灰岩还是白云岩,在热液作用下都会产生大量的微小溶蚀孔洞,储层物性得到明显的改善,因此热液作用是影响储层物性不可忽视的重要因素。     

Distribution and Geochemical Characteristics of Hydrogen in Natural Gas from the Jiyang Depression, Eastern China

Hydrogen gas accelerates hydrocarbon generation, but little is known about its distribution and origin in petroliferous basins, which has hindered the further exploration.Taken the Jiyang Depression in eastern China as an example, this study collected natural gas from different tectonic units, and analyzed various geochemical characters including gas contents, and carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition.The result shows that:(1) hydrogen gas is widespread distributed, but its content is very low, which typically ranges from 0.01% to 0.1% in this region;(2) the ratios of H2/3He, indicative of the origins of hydrogen gas, suggest that mantle-derived hydrogen is dominant.Even in tectonically stable areas absent with deep fluid activities, there is also mantle-derived;(3) the isotopic composition of hydrogen falls in the range of –798‰ to –628‰(relative to VSMOW standard).In areas with deep-derived fluids, the hydrogen gas has a similar isotopic composition with the previously documented deep-sourced gas, with lighter isotopic composition.In contrast, hydrogen gas has a heavier isotopic composition in relatively stable areas.The isotopic signatures suggest that there is a mixture of mantle- and crust-derived hydrogen gas in the relatively stable area, which is consistent with the H2/3He ratios.Therefore, it is clear that the hydrogen gas has a much wider distribution than found in the deep-derived fluid area, resulting in a much broader area with hydrogenating effect for resource rock.This understanding will provide new insights for hydrocarbon generation research and resource assessment in petroliferous basins.     

珠海市陆海统一似大地水准面的确定

针对通常的似大地水准面模型较少涉及海域的情况,该文基于重力数据和地形数据,采用顾及各类地形位及地形引力影响的第二类Helmert凝集法计算了珠海重力似大地水准面;利用高分辨率和高精度的地形数据来恢复大地水准面短波部分,提高了似大地水准面的精度;利用25个高精度全球卫星导航系统水准资料与重力似大地水准面进行了独立比较,其精度为0.012m;然后,采用球冠谐方法,将重力似大地水准面与25个全球卫星导航系统水准数据联合,建立了珠海市海陆统一的似大地水准面模型,其精度为0.008m;最后,利用15个全球卫星导航系统/水准点对似大地水准面模型进行了外部检核,精度为0.010m。     

淮北矿区松散层底部含水层粒度结构与渗透系数关系

两淮煤田新生界松散层底部含水层分选性差、粘拉含量高。本文以淮北临涣矿区底含为分析对象,探讨底含粒度结构与渗透系数关系,证明底含渗透性由粒度结构决定,渗透系数与粘粒含量和不均匀系数的复相关系数达到83．93%。