An improvement in the small-volume technique for determining thorium-234 in seawater

The recently developed 2–5 L small-volume MnO₂ coprecipitation method for determining ²³⁴Th in seawater has provided a new way to substantially increase, both temporally and spatially, the sampling resolution of ²³⁴Th and ²³⁴Th-based particulate organic carbon export estimates in the upper ocean. In this study, we further optimize the technique by reducing reagent quantities and the use of an additional water bath heating step. This optimization allows the filtration of the MnO₂ precipitate onto a 25-mm diameter, 1.0 μm pore size QMA filter to be completed within < 30 min for unfiltered waters from the South China Sea. In addition, we have modified the MnO₂ purification procedure to allow for alpha spectrometric measurements of ²³⁴Th recoveries. Results from recovery experiments suggest that reagent amounts can be reduced to 0.0375 mg KMnO₄ and 0.1 mg MnCl₂·4H₂O per liter of sample, while still maintaining high ²³⁴Th recovery. This study further confirms that the addition of a yield monitor is necessary for the application of the small-volume method.     

长江河口南港枯季沙波对安全航行的影响研究

基于1997年、2002年、2006年枯季长江河口南港床面形态的现场观测,分析沙波发育对水深的影响。结果表明:(1)枯季南港沙波一般分布于吴淞口至中段121°44.′5E细砂、粉砂质底床区间,呈逐年向下游扩大的趋势,发育尺度由西向东逐渐变小,河床沉积物粒度组成由上游至下游逐渐细化,分选性变差;(2)沙波波高一般为0.2～1.31m,平均为0.47m,波高沿程向下游递减,水深均处于15m的上段波高虽最大可达1.31m,但足以通行第四代集装箱船,而水深降至11.8m的中段,最大波高可达0.80m的沙波发育将直接影响第四代集装箱船的乘潮入港条件。     

利用GLCM纹理分析的高分辨率SAR图像建筑区检测

根据高分辨率SAR图像上建筑区的影像特征, 提出了基于灰度共生矩阵(gray-level cooccurrence Matrix, GLCM)纹理分析的建筑区提取方法, 该方法由初步定位和边界调整2个步骤组成, 均遵循特征计算、基于Bhattacharyya距离的特征选择和KNN分类流程, 所不同的是2个步骤中分别采用了逐块和逐点计算纹理特征的方式以兼顾纹理分析的效率和准确性。文中对不同SAR传感器获取的图像进行了实验。实验结果表明, 选用具有最大Bhattacharyya距离值的3或4个特征可以获得较好的初步定位结果, 建筑区的检测率超过80%, 虚警率低于10%;随着边界调整的进行, 检测到的建筑区边界逐渐接近于真实边界。实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

一类海洋遥感反演问题的迭代格式

对于海洋遥感反演中常见的一类非线性反演问题,构造迭代格式进行近似求解。通过给出适当的条件,对格式产生迭代解的收敛性进行证明,并给出迭代的终止原则和步骤。结果表明格式产生的迭代解在适当的光滑性条件下,收敛于原问题的精确解,并且迭代格式在终止原则下是一种正则化的方法。     

�������˲��ķ�����ǿ�Ⱥ͹������ܵĶ���׼��

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

基于Client/Server模式的移动GIS研究与关键技术实现

在综述移动GIS研究发展现状的基础上,本文首先分析了C/S模式移动GIS和B/S模式GIS的优缺点,认为在移动环境的特点下,C/S模式更适合于当前移动GIS的开发。由此,探讨了基于C/S模式移动GIS模型的关键技术与实现,包括移动定位技术、嵌入式GIS开发技术以及数据通信技术等,并以城市导游导航为应用实例进行了说明,验证了本文提出方法的可行性和正确性。     

Evaluation of Hydraulic Conductivity Estimates from Various Approaches with Groundwater Flow Models

Significant efforts have been expended for improved characterization of hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S_s) to better understand groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes. Conventional methods including grain size analyses (GSA), permeameter, slug, and pumping tests have been utilized extensively, while Direct Push-based Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) surveys have been developed to obtain high-resolution K estimates. Moreover, inverse modeling approaches based on geology-based zonations, and highly parameterized Hydraulic Tomography (HT) have also been advanced to map spatial variations of K and S_s between and beyond boreholes. While different methods are available, it is unclear which one yields K estimates that are most useful for high resolution predictions of groundwater flow. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate various K estimates at a highly heterogeneous field site obtained with three categories of characterization techniques including: (1) conventional methods (GSA, permeameter, and slug tests); (2) HPT surveys; and (3) inverse modeling based on geology-based zonations and highly parameterized approaches. The performance of each approach is first qualitatively analyzed by comparing K estimates to site geology. Then, steady-state and transient groundwater flow models are employed to quantitatively assess various K estimates by simulating pumping tests not used for parameter estimation. Results reveal that inverse modeling approaches yield the best drawdown predictions under both steady and transient conditions. In contrast, conventional methods and HPT surveys yield biased predictions. Based on our research, it appears that inverse modeling and data fusion are necessary steps in predicting accurate groundwater flow behavior.     

抗差部分岭估计及其在GPS快速定位中的应用

针对GPS快速定位中观测资料含有粗差且因观测信息不足造成设计阵“部分病态”的实际情况,对现有的抗差有偏估计进行改进,提出了一种新的抗差有偏估计——抗差部分岭估计,并讨论了抗差部分岭估计中“部分岭参数”的选择方法。计算结果显示,新估计与现有的抗差有偏估计相比,具有精度高、速度快、稳定性好的特点。     

Spatio-temporal-spectral-angular observation model that integrates observations from UAV and mobile mapping vehicle for better urban mapping

In a complex urban scene, observation from a single sensor unavoidably leads to voids in observations, failing to describe urban objects in a comprehensive mann...     

厄尔尼诺形成机制的数值研究

在中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的第三代大洋环流模式(L30T63OGCM)的基础上,提高模式的水平分辨率,建立了纬向和经向水平分辨率分别为1.5°和1°的较高分辨率的全球大洋环流模式,分析该模式1959年1月~1998年12月的积分结果,以此研究厄尔尼诺事件形成和演变的物理机制。对数值模拟结果的分析表明:西风爆发可引起表层洋流异常,异常的平流作用是海表温度距平形成厄尔尼诺模态的主要原因;表层洋流异常及由其引起的海表高度异常可导致次表层海水垂直输送的异常,异常的垂直输送作用是形成次表层海温距平厄尔尼诺模态的主要原因。