岩土力学文献情报工作的回顾与展望

岩土力学文献情报工作是科研工作的不可分割的一部分。本文简要回顾我所岩土力学文献情报工作及其发展,并提出了今后岩土力学文献情报工作的几点设想。     

Error assessment of grid‐based terrain shading algorithms for solar radiation modeling over complex terrain

In mountainous regions, solar radiation exhibits a strong spatial heterogeneity due to terrain shading effects. Terrain shading algorithms based on digital elevation models can be categorized into two types: area‐based and point‐specific. In this article, we evaluated two shading algorithms using designed mathematic surfaces. Theoretical shading effects over four Gauss synthetic surfaces were calculated and used to evaluate the terrain shading algorithms. We evaluated the area‐based terrain shading algorithm, Hillshade tool of ArcGIS, and the point‐specific shading algorithm from Solar Analyst (SA) in ArcGIS. Both algorithms showed shading overestimation, and Hillshade showed more accuracy with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.20%, as compared to the MAE of 1.66% of SA. The MAE of Hillshade increases exponentially as the spatial extent of the study area increases because the solar position for all locations on the surface is the same in Hillshade. Consequently, we suggest that the surface should be divided into more tiles in Hillshade when the discrepancy in the latitude of the whole surface is greater than 4°. Skyshed, which represents the horizon angle distribution in SA, is error‐prone over more complex terrain because horizon angle interpolation is problematic for such areas. We also propose a new terrain shading algorithm, with solar positions calculated using local latitude for each cell and the horizon angle calculated for every specific time interval, but without projections. The new model performs better than Hillshade and SA with an MAE of 0.55%.     

一种调整台风参数的方法

本文针对我国海面风数值预报和后报研究，基于现有的实测资料和前人的经验统计，就海面风模式中较敏感的风资料参数对台风最大风速半径的确定提出了一种较客观的统计方法，使之在缺乏观测资料的情况下能合理地反映海面风实况。在这之前，本文对中国《台风年鉴》１９７０年以前偏大的最大风速资料进行了合理的订正，使之在进入海面风数值模式前能真实地代表台风气候特征。