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71.
Debris flow in metropolitan area — 2011 Seoul debris flow 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Chan-Young Yune Yun-Ki Chae Joongcheol Paik Gihong Kim Seung-Woo Lee Heung-Seok Seo 《山地科学学报》2013,10(2):199-206
A large number of debris flows occurred simultaneously at around 8:30 to 8:50 a.m. on July 27, 2011, at the center of Seoul, Korea. This area is located in the southern part of Seoul and is a densely populated district. As a result of the debris flow event, 16 people were killed, 30 houses were buried, and 116 houses were damaged around Umyeon Mountain, a relatively small mountain with a height of 312.6 m. Since the debris flow event, field investigations on the initiation and transportation zones of debris flows have been carried out. Rainfall data were collected from the automatic weather stations (AWSs) which are operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Video files recorded by residents were also acquired and used to analyze the flow characteristics of the debris flow. Field investigation shows that about 40 debris flows occurred around Umyeon Mountain and most of the debris flows were initiated by small slope failures. The effects of the precipitation that triggered the debris flows were analyzed as well. A landslide hazard map which considers slope gradient and aspect, strength of soil, hazard record, rainfall conditions, and vegetation, was constructed and compared with the initiation zones of debris flows. 相似文献
72.
Multifractal characteristics of the jet turbulent intensity depending on the outfall nozzle geometry
Yongwon Seo Siwan Lyu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(2):653-664
The multifractal measure enables an examination of the characteristics of a quantity distributed over a domain. This study examined the multifractal properties of turbulent intensities obtained from jet discharge experiments, where three types of nozzle geometries were examined in terms of the velocity fields and turbulent characteristics using particle image velocimetry. Depending on the nozzle geometry, the experimental results showed that the distribution of turbulent intensities and resulting dilution exhibited different behaviors. The experiment also showed that the transversal velocity profiles are similar to each other regardless of the outfall nozzle shapes and demonstrates the traditional similarity assumption at the same time. The multifractal exponents of the turbulent intensities were obtained with Box Count Method in a two-dimensional space. The results showed that the turbulent intensities obtained in two-dimensional space have a common multifractal spectrum, which was not the case for the velocity or shear stress observed in the same space. Although the transversal velocity profiles are similar, the multifractal exponent clearly shows a difference depending on the outfall geometries. In particular, the minimum value of the Lipschitz–Hölder exponent (α min) and the entropy dimension (α 1) tends to increase as turbulent intensity and dilution increase. These results suggest that the multifractal properties can be utilized potentially to categorize and evaluate the discharge outfall capabilities in terms of the resulting dilution. 相似文献
73.
Md. Sharwar Murshed Yun Am Seo Jeong-Soo Park 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(2):253-262
The study of distribution tails is a fundamental research in statistical frequency analysis relevant to many research fields, such as insurance, hydrological events, earthquake, etc. Here, we describe and investigate the effect and feasibility of the high-order L-moment (LH-moment) method for estimating heavy-tail conditions by fitting a four parameter kappa distribution. Details of parameter estimation using LH-moments for the four parameter kappa distribution (K4D) are described and formulated. Monte-Carlo simulation is performed to illustrate the performance of the LH-moment method in terms of heavy-tail quantiles over all quantiles using K4D and non K4D samples, respectively. The result suggests that the method is either useful (when the method of L-moment estimation fails to give a feasible solution) or as effective as the L-moment approach in handling data following K4D. Applications to the annual maximum flood and sea level data are presented. 相似文献
74.
V. I. Zatsepin A. D. Panov N. V. Sokolskaya J. H. Adams Jr. H. S. Ahn G. L. Bashindzhagyan J. Chang M. Christl A. R. Fazely T. G. Guzik J. B. Isbert K. C. Kim E. N. Kouznetsov M. Panasyuk E. S. Seo J. Watts J. P. Wefel J. Wu 《Astronomy Letters》2009,35(5):338-342
Titanium is a rare, secondary nucleus among Galactic cosmic rays. Using the Silicon matrix in the ATIC experiment, Titanium
has been separated. The energy dependence of the Ti to Fe flux ratio in the energy region from 5 GeV per nucleon to about
500 GeV per nucleon is presented.
The article was translated by the authors. 相似文献
75.
Two types of Neoproterozoic metabasites occur together with regionally intruded arc-related Neoproterozoic granitoids (ca. 850–830 Ma) in the Hongseong area, southwestern Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea, which is the extension of the Dabie–Sulu collision belt in China. The first type of metabasite (the Bibong and Baekdong metabasites) is a MORB-like back-arc basin basalt or gabbro formed at ca. 890–860 Ma. The Bibong and Baekdong metabasites may have formed during back-arc opening by diapiric upwelling of deep asthenospheric mantle which was metasomatized by large ion lithophile element (LILE) enriched melt or fluid derived from the subducted slab and/or subducted sediment beneath the arc axis. The second type of metabasite (the Gwangcheon metabasite) formed in a plume-related intra-continental rift setting at 763.5 ± 18.3 Ma and is geochemically similar to oceanic island basalt (OIB). These data indicate a transition in tectonic setting in the Hongseong area from arc to intra-continental rift between ca. 830 and 760 Ma. This transition is well correlated to the Neoproterozoic transition from arc to intra-continental rift tectonic setting at the margin of the Yangtze Craton and corresponds to the amalgamation and breakup of Rodinia Supercontinent. 相似文献
76.
Mesoscale measurements of the vertical dispersion coefficient 2 by using a composite turbulence water tank were validated through a comparison with CONDORS (Convective Diffusion Observed with Remote Sensors) field data, and were analysed with respect to the intensity of the thermal flux, mechanical turbulence, and plume release height.It seems possible to correct the plume z values for different release heights below 0.5zi (zi is the mixing height) by applying an equation expressing the height dependency of turbulence intensity. The downwind distance where the plume's mass centre height approaches its final level was also analysed with respect to the above three parameters, and an empirical equation to estimate the downwinddistance derived. 相似文献
77.
D. -J. Seo J. A. Smith 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1991,5(1):31-44
In Seo and Smith (this issue), a set of estimators was built in a Bayesian framework to estimate rainfall depth at an ungaged location using raingage measurements and radar rainfall data. The estimators are equivalent to lognormal co-kriging (simple co-kriging in the Gaussian domain) with uncertain mean and variance of gage rainfall. In this paper, the estimators are evaluated via cross-validation using hourly radar rainfall data and simulated hourly raingage data. Generation of raingage data is based on sample statistics of actual raingage measurements and radar rainfall data. The estimators are compared with lognormal co-kriging and nonparametric estimators. The Bayesian estimators are shown to provide some improvement over lognormal co-kriging under the criteria of mean error, root mean square error, and standardized mean square error. It is shown that, if the prior could be assessed more accurately, the margin of improvement in predicting estimation variance could be larger. In updating the uncertain mean and variance of gage rainfall, inclusion of radar rainfall data is seen to provide little improvement over using raingage data only. 相似文献
78.
Feng Chen Da-Yuan Chen Qi-Ping Cao Shu-Jun Yu Dong-Jun Xu Cong-Xin Chen Yu-Liang Yu Jian-Hao Sheng 《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(3):721-729
In the strip limestone mine in Guiding county, Guizhou Province the shear and frictionin situ tests of rock body were made for the three typical inclined weak bands C
3
1
/C
3
1
, C
3
1
/C
2
2
and C
2
2
/C
2
1
. The tests were made according to the second scheme of cuneate sample of the standards on rock mechanics test of Water Conservancy
and Electricity Ministry. The changes of the resistivity in the weak band and the acoustic speed across the weak band were
measured in the same time. The apparent resistivity data, obtained for 8 samples on 27 measure lines in 38 cycle tests, show
that the apparent resistivity changes have rather obvious characters as follows: 1. At shear and friction stage, the change
of the apparent resistivity accelerates after the yield point, and reaches the maximum of change rate and change amplitude
near fracture point (except the lines with resistivity invariant); 2. On the same sample, the resistivity changes are different
on the various lines and related to the location settled the lines, there are some “sensitive” location; 3. At the stage of
preloading normal stress before shearing, the resistivity decreases on most lines, but on a few lines the resistivity does
not changes; 4. After unloading shear stress, the resistivity could not recover completely and the hysteresis of resistiviity
takes place on a few lines.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 217–223, 1993.
Support for this research was received from Guiding strip limestone mine, Guizhou Organic Chemistry Factory.
This research is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation. 相似文献
79.
The budget equations of turbulent kinetic energy and shear stress contain interaction terms of velocity-pressure and velocity-pressure gradient. These terms were estimated in the surface layer using the air pressure observed at the surface and wind velocity components over plant canopies. The magnitude of the pressure interaction terms was significantly large; it was not negligible compared with the production terms in each budget equation. The present results obtained over a rough surface also confirmed previous results that pressure terms play an important role in the turbulent kinetic energy budgets and the shear stress budget. The height dependency of nondimensional pressure terms versus (z - d)/z
0 was not clear. 相似文献
80.
An experiment was conducted to study turbulent transport processes of scalar quantities within and above a rice plant canopy. A sonic anemometer-thermometer and a Lyman- humidiometer were used to measure the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat and related turbulence statistics within a paddy field. The sensible and latent heat fluxes measured at two heights within and above the plant canopy showed that the upper layer of this plant canopy was an active source region and that the source strength of sensible and latent heat depended on the solar radiation and physiology of rice plants. Analysis of joint probability distributions of w and T and of w and q within this plant canopy showed that downdrafts were remarkably efficient for upward transport of sensible and latent heat in the daytime. The vertical fluxes of temperature and humidity variance were also divergent from the upper layer of plant canopies. The power spectra of temperature and humidity within the plant canopy decreased rapidly in the high frequency range, compared with the - 2/3 law relationship of nS(n) vs log n observed above plant canopies. 相似文献