测绘资源在规划建设管理中的优化使用

测绘资料所反映的地形、地貌、交通、水系、资源分布等基础地理信息是城镇规划建设管理中空间和功能布局十分重要的依据.因此,测绘是规划的基础和依据,充分整合利用现有测绘资源,统一基础地理信息平台,保持空间位置的统一性和精确性,实现测绘资源的共建共享,将极大地减少重复劳动,降低规划建设管理的成本.     

Application of probabilistic neural network to design breakwater armor blocks

This study presents a probabilistic neural network (PNN) technique for predicting the stability number of armor blocks of breakwaters. The PNN is prepared using the experimental data of Van der Meer. The predicted stability numbers of the PNN are compared with those of previous studies, i.e. by an empirical formula and a previous neural network model. The agreement index between the measured and predicted stability numbers by PNN are better than those by the previous studies. The PNN offers a way to interpret the network's structure in the form of a probability density function and it is easy to implement. Therefore, it can be an effective tool for designers of rubble mound breakwaters.     

胶州湾及其邻近河流中壬基酚等有机污染物的分布特征

为分析青岛胶州湾及其邻近河流中的壬基酚（NP）及其短链氧乙烯醚母体化合物、壬基酚单氧乙烯醚（NP1EO）和壬基酚二氧乙烯醚（NP2EO）的污染状况和分布特征,在研究区域内设置了17个站位分别采集了海水和沉积物样品,样品经萃取、浓缩、净化后采用气质联用仪测定各污染物的浓度。胶州湾水体中的NP、NP1EO和NP2EO的浓度分别为20．2-268．7、11．2-200．4和4．8-32．5ng／L。胶州湾沉积物中上述3种污染物的浓度分别为3．6-299．3、3．8-25．2和4．9-103．2ng／g。胶州湾邻近河流中的污染物浓度远远高于湾内,其中墨水河的污染最严重,水体和沉积物中NP的浓度分别达到28656ng／L和31704ng／g。与世界其他海湾NP等污染物的浓度相比,胶州湾属于严重污染地区之一,已经超出了其生物效应临界浓度。研究区域内50％的站位中NP浓度已经超过导致扇贝苗死亡的临界浓度,10％的站位已经超过引起雄性鱼类雌性化的临界浓度。     

基于可见光遥感测深技术的长江口南支河段河势演变规律研究

以长江口南支河段为研究区,利用LandsatETM+遥感影像反演的1999年水下地形和该河段2002年实测水深数据,结合长江口来水来沙现状和河段特征,分析了河段的冲淤变化和沙体迁移规律,提出了需采取的治理措施。研究结果表明:(1)从1999到2002年南支河段总体发生冲刷,年平均冲刷量为0.1926亿m3,河道内白茆沙、新浏河沙和新浏河沙包的沙头年平均后退467,374和421m;(2)上、下扁担沙之间由于串沟发育,两者有分离的趋势,沙体5m等深线的变动格局显示两沙体沙尾向下移动导致新桥水道上段水深加深、下段南侧水深变浅;(3)固定白茆沙和上、下扁担沙沙体,对维持南支河段航道的航运、稳定南北槽河势具有重要作用。     

Temporal and spatial changes of dunes in the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary,China

The response of subaqueous dunes to the variation of riverine sediment supply in an estuary is rarely reported. Five sets of field measurements of bed sediments and topography were made in the Changjiang estuary, China during dry and flood seasons for the past 9 years. Results show that dunes were mainly three-dimensional (3D) during flood seasons and two-dimensional (2D) dunes during dry seasons. Dunes were also much larger in flood seasons. Dunes mainly occurred within the main channels of the estuary although they extended 11.7 km seaward of their normal extent in the South Channel during dry seasons from 2002 to 2006. This extension of the dune field is likely due to a sharp decline of sediment discharge caused by large reservoirs such as Three Gorges.     

Fe对眼点拟微球藻的生长和脂肪酸组成的影响

研究了铁对眼点拟微球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)的生长和脂肪酸组成的影响.结果表明: Fe2 浓度在0～0.5 mmol/L的范围内,细胞比增长速率随Fe2 浓度的升高而降低.与对照组相比,随着Fe2 浓度的升高,细胞中主要的饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比例有所降低,而多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比例则有较大的提高.另外,在一定范围内(0～0.3 mmol/L),Fe2 浓度的升高则会促使细胞内积累二十碳五烯酸(EPA).细胞生长和EPA积累的最适Fe2 浓度是0.05 mmol/L,在这一浓度下细胞比增长速率为0.236±0.020 d-1,细胞中EPA质量分数比对照组提高约24%.     

应用MODIS影像监测海州湾无机氮浓度的研究

利用连云港海州湾2004年至2006年的水质监测资料,选取时间上完全同步的空间分辨率为500m的MODIS Terra 1B数据,对反射率的单波段因子和波段组合因子与可溶无机氮（DIN）质量浓度之间进行相关分析。从总体上看,单波段因子与DIN质量浓度的相关性较低,但在含氮基团倍频和合频吸收带附近的波段（波段2、7）反射率与DIN质量浓度呈负相关,显示了含氮基团对水体光谱特征的影响;在波段组合因子中,因子F11（3.4）和F13（3.4）与DIN质量浓度呈显著正相关,用这两个因子建立DIN质量浓度的回归模型,R^2都达到0．7以上,相对精度达70％左右,最终选择因子F11（3.4）的线性模型反演该海域的DIN质量浓度,其结果与实际情况非常吻合。     

Higher-harmonic focused-wave forces on a vertical cylinder

This paper considers higher-harmonic forces due to wave focusing on a vertical circular cylinder. A series of experiments has been conducted in a wave flume. The first six-harmonic components of the measured wave forces are analyzed using the scale-averaged wavelet spectrum. It is noted that due to the transient nature of focused (freak) waves, Fourier analysis would not provide equivalent information to that gleaned from the analyses used herein. The results for the experiments with very steep wave crests show significant amplitudes at the fourth and fifth harmonics. These harmonics exhibit amplitudes that are the same order as the second harmonic, but much larger than those of the third harmonic. The wavelet-based bicoherence is used to detect the quadratic nonlinearity of the measured forces. And the bicoherence spectra reveal the primary mathematical reason for the existence of the striking amplitudes of the fourth and fifth harmonics: the interaction between the lower-harmonic components couple more strongly with the fourth and fifth harmonics, thus the fourth and fifth harmonics glean more energy than those of the third-harmonic components. However, the physical explanation for this remains elusive.     

北京市大气悬浮颗粒物TSP和PM10的季节变化特征

为了解北京市大气悬浮颗粒物随时间的变化规律,对北京市2000年全年的总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particulates, TSP)和可吸入颗粒物(Inhalation Particle Matter, PM10)观测结果进行了统计分析.结果表明:颗粒物浓度春季最高,夏季最低,TSP浓度和PM10浓度有良好的线性关系(相关系数为0.77).通过后向轨迹分析得出,发生在2000年4月6日和25日的2次强沙尘天气的沙尘源地位于蒙古国的东南部和内蒙古的中西部.     

Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.