排序方式: 共有28条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Declared in 1990, the Piatra Craiului is one of Romania's 15 national parks and biosphere reserves. It has exceptional scenic
and biodiversity value but is under threat from unsustainable agricultural, forestry and tourism management. The paper examines
these threats in a historical context, regarding both the growth of the town of Braşov and areas of dispersed rural settlement
on the mountain edge, and argues that a sustainable future will require negotiation between the park authorities and all stakeholders,
including the local communities and private woodland owners who have benefited or will benefit from restitution. The way forward
is explored with forest management in a central role. First, the certification of woodlands, along with the establishment
of forest user groups and community woodlands, should help to reconcile the conflicting interests in the woodlands and in
wood processing in support of sustainability. Second, the overgrazing of the meadows which is degrading the pastures, restricting
forest regeneration and conflicting with large carnivore conservation, could be moderated by the growth of ecotourism linked
with bears and wolves which would generate a new source of income to compensate farmers for reducing their flocks – given
the importance of the biodiversity resources and the socio-economic pressures – and the paper therefore considers how new
approaches to forest management might provide a basis for conservation and sustainable development. It will be for the recently-established
national park management system – developed with World Bank Global Environment Facility funding – to take these ideas forward
in due course.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
22.
23.
Maramures is one of the remotest mountain regions of Romania and has been marginalised throughout the modern period, including
the communist era. Yet its human resources continue to grow with significant levels of natural increase and a growing labour
market in the more traditional parts of the county. After placing the region in its physical and historical settings, the
paper examines the communist economy and the strategies adopted by the growing population to maintain viable communities rooted
in cultural practices on which the authorities made only a superficial impact. Since 1989 the economy has contracted quite
sharply and out-migration has accelerated, while natural increase remains positive, but to a lesser extent than before. Tourism
is seen as an important source of diversification and significant progress has been made through the setting up of local tourist
associations and the publication of accommodation lists. Despite constraints, the business opportunities are increased by
closer integration with Hungary and also with Ukraine given the enhanced potential for cross-border cooperation. However,
even with continued dependence on seasonal employment outside the region and fiscal incentives for business development, arising
from a special programme for `less-favoured areas' affected by mine closures, it is unlikely that out-migration will be halted.
But the resourcefulness of the population could boost Maramures as a area of small-scale enterprise harmonising with the physical
resources and cultural milieu.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
24.
This paper focuses on the Curvature Sub–Carpathians, especially with respect to Buzau County. The region as a whole has always
been relatively well-settled and agriculture has usually been combined with a range of local industrial and handicraft employments.
A study of traditional domestic activities brings out a close connection between specific natural resources and characteristic
features of traditional peasant household work. The Prahova Valley has been particularly favoured on account of the oil industry
and a major transport axis connecting Bucharest with Brasov via Ploiesti, but elsewhere industry did not spread extensively
beyond the county centres (Buzau, Focsani, Pitesti and Targoviste) and their immediate environs such as Colibasi and Doicesti.
During the present transition phase the rural population is struggling to survive by combining elements of the modern and
traditional economies. The main rural centres are relatively well off while the outlying villages are experiencing severe
poverty problems. Apart from brandy distilling, traditional rural industries are no longer viable, although alternative systems
of pluriactivity are under discussion.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
25.
Spatiotemporal distribution of aridity indices based on temperature and precipitation in the extra-Carpathian regions of Romania 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Adina-Eliza Croitoru Adrian Piticar Alexandru Mircea Imbroane Doina Cristina Burada 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(3-4):597-607
In the last decades, droughts are a recurrent phenomena in many regions of the world, especially in the subtropics and mid-latitudes, affecting more and more the society. Aridity indices are often used to identify regions prone to that phenomenon. In this paper, we used data recorded in 30 locations in the extra-Carpathian areas of Romania over the period 1961–2007. The De Martonne aridity index (I DM) and the Pinna combinative index (I P) were employed in order to identify critical areas in the most important agricultural regions of the country. Monthly, seasonal, annual, and winter wheat and maize growing season datasets of I DM and annual values of I P were calculated. The trends were identified using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope, while ordinary Kriging technique was employed for interpolation. The main findings are that the most vulnerable to semi-aridity are the southeastern regions, especially during the warm period of the year, and that for Romania, the use of I DM is more appropriate compared to I P. 相似文献
26.
27.
Alessandro Ellero Leonardo Leoni Michele Marroni Ionel Nicolae Luca Pandolfi Franco Sartori 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(5):347-354
The Fenes Nappe belongs to the stack of tectonic units cropping out in the southern Apuseni Mts (Romania). It is characterised by a structural history consisting of two folding phases that developed during the time spanning from Early Aptian to Late Maastrichtian. The D1 phase produced west-northwest-verging, isoclinal to very tight folds, associated to a slaty cleavage. The main metamorphic imprint of the Fenes Nappe is linked to this deformation phase; illite and chlorite ‘crystallinity’ values indicate metamorphic conditions of the late diagenesis, close to the diagenetic zone/anchizone boundary. The subsequent D2 phase produced north-northwest-verging, parallel folds, not associated with synkinematic recrystallisation. These phases are interpreted as developed during a structural path, which includes burial at a depth of 8–10 km, followed by exhumation at shallower structural levels. To cite this article: A. Ellero et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 347–354. 相似文献
28.
Anca Nemuc Iwona S. Stachlewska Jeni Vasilescu Anna Górska Doina Nicolae Camelia Talianu 《Acta Geophysica》2014,62(2):350-366
After Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption on 14 April 2010, due to a complex air mass circulation, Romania was exposed to volcanic ash and its mixture with continental aerosols. Ash particles with an average Ångström (UV-VIS) exponent of 1.4 ± 0.2 and (VIS-IR) of 1.2 ± 0.3, a color ratio (VIS-UV) of 0.54 and (IR-VIS) of 0.49, an average particle depolarization value ~9.4%, and a lidar ratio of 50 sr were retrieved on 18 April from multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements in Bucharest. Mixed volcanic ash with mineral dust particles advected from Sahara, depolarization ~12%, Ångström (UV-VIS) exponent of 1.25 ± 0.25 and (VIS-IR) of 1.45 ± 0.25, an increased color ratio (VIS-UV) of 0.61, (IRVIS) of 0.39 and lidar ratio of 53 sr were identified on 28 April. From observations in Poland conducted by an elastic lidar at 532 nm and a ceilometer at 1064 nm we retrieved an average backscatter related Ångström (VIS-IR) exponent of 1.25 ± 0.35, and a color ratio (IR-VIS) of 0.53 in the layer at about 5.5 km during the night of 16/17 April, indicating fresh ash over Warsaw. 相似文献