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31.
Jerome E. Dobson 《Geographical review》2014,104(2):123-138
The author proposes scientific recognition of an existing, previously undefined and unnamed global feature. Aquaterra is suggested as the new name for the lands that were alternately exposed and inundated as ice sheets advanced and retreated over the past 120,000 years. The vertical amplitude of sea level change amounts to 130 meters, and the aggregate global area of aquaterra equates to the continent of North America. The time period coincides with the total span during which modern humans are known to have existed. 相似文献
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Lidunka Vo?adlo John BrodholtDavid P Dobson K.S Knight W.G MarshallG.David Price Ian G Wood 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):567-575
First-principles calculations have been used to determine the equation of state of Fe3C in both its low-pressure magnetically ordered and high-pressure non-magnetically ordered states; at 0 K the ferromagnetic transition was found to occur at about 60 GPa. In the high pressure, non-magnetically ordered regime at 0 K the material may be described by a Birch-Murnaghan third-order equation of state with V0=8.968(7) Å3 per atom, K0=316.62(2) GPa and K′=4.30(2). At atmospheric pressure the ferromagnetic phase transition in Fe3C occurs at ∼483 K; preliminary measurements of the thermal expansion by powder neutron diffraction show that this transition produces a large effect on thermoelastic properties. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient in the paramagnetic phase was found to be 4.34×10−5 K−1 at T∼550 K. By applying a thermal expansion correction to the calculated equation of state at 0 K, predicted values for the density and adiabatic incompressibility of this material at core pressures and temperatures were obtained. These results appear to be sufficiently different from seismological data so as to preclude Fe3C as the major inner core-forming phase. 相似文献
33.
Water in boninite glass and coexisting orthopyroxene: concentration and partitioning 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Patrick F. Dobson Henrik Skogby George R. Rossman 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,118(4):414-419
Spectroscopic measurements of water in glass inclusions in pyroxene from boninite samples from the Bonin Islands conclusively
document the high (2.8–3.2 wt %) primary water contents of boninite magmas. Associated quenched glass from pillow lava rims
have slightly lower (2.2–2.4 wt %) water contents, suggesting that minor amounts of degassing occurred between the time of
melt entrapment in the orthopyroxenes and subsequent eruption on the sea floor. Some zonation of molecular water contents
in pillow rim glasses was observed. OH contents of the host orthopyroxene phenocrysts were also measured, allowing for the
calculation of partition coefficients for water between boninite melt and orthopyroxene. These values (0.003–0.004) for water
partitioning between orthopyroxene and mafic melts may help constrain petrogenetic models of mantle-derived magmas.
Received: 20 September 1993 / Accepted: 26 June 1994 相似文献
34.
AUTOMATED GEOGRAPHY 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
Jerome E. Dobson 《The Professional geographer》1983,35(2):135-143
Analytical methods and computer technology for spatial analysis have advanced rapidly. Geographers can now consider a general form of automated geography which integrates all of the new techniques into an analytical whole. Computer cartography, computer graphics, digital remote sensing, geographic information systems, spatial statistics, and quantitative spatial modeling can be combined eclectically with traditional manual techniques to address geographic problems that are too large and complex for manual treatment alone. Small systems are widely available to facilitate small, less complex problems. Automation can assist in all forms of geography—scientific and humanistic, nomothetic and idiographic, basic and applied—but its adoption is likely to be highest among applied scientists. The immediate challenge is to prepare for a major shift toward computer instruction and automated geography in the late 1980s. Long term effects will include improved contributions by geographers to national and international policy analyses, a greater emphasis on team-work and sharing, stronger ties with other disciplines, and a generally more viable discipline. 相似文献
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Patrick F. Dobson Teamrat A. Ghezzehei Paul J. Cook J. Alfredo Rodríguez-Pineda Lourdes Villalba Rodrigo De la Garza 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(1):155-166
A study of seepage occurring in an adit at the Nopal I uranium mine in Chihuahua, Mexico, was conducted as part of an integrated natural analogue study to evaluate the effects of infiltration and seepage on the mobilization and transport of radionuclides. An instrumented seepage collection system and local automated weather station permit direct correlation between local precipitation events and seepage. Field observations recorded between April 2005 and December 2006 indicate that seepage is highly heterogeneous with respect to time, location, and quantity. Seepage, precipitation, and fracture data were used to test two hypotheses: (1) that fast flow seepage is triggered by large precipitation events, and (2) that an increased abundance of fractures and/or fracture intersections leads to higher seepage volumes. A few zones in the back adit recorded elevated seepage volumes immediately following large (>20 mm/day) precipitation events, with transit times of less than 4 h through the 8-m thick rock mass. In most locations, there is a 1?C6 month time lag between the onset of the rainy season and seepage, with longer times observed for the front adit. There is a less clear-cut relation between fracture abundance and seepage volume; processes such as evaporation and surface flow along the ceiling may also influence seepage. 相似文献
37.
Paul Dalbeck Maggie Cusack Phillip S. Dobson Nicola Allison Anthony E. Fallick Alexander W. Tudhope 《Chemical Geology》2011,280(3-4):314-322
This study uses electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to identify secondary calcite in coral skeletons. Secondary calcite appears to have nucleated on the original aragonite dissepiments, producing horizontal structures that mimic the morphology of the original coral aragonite, forming dissepiment-like meniscus structures. The Sr/Ca and δ18O of the pristine aragonite and secondary calcite were analysed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The effect of calcite inclusion on the mean geochemistry of the coral carbonate and subsequent sea surface temperature (SST) calculations were determined for both Sr/Ca and δ18O. Inclusion of as little as 1% secondary calcite within the primary coral aragonite elevates the Sr/Ca-derived SST by 1.2 °C and could markedly offset estimates of past tropical climate. Conversely, inclusion of 10% secondary calcite has little effect on the SST estimated from δ18O (+ 0.6 °C) indicating that this proxy is relatively robust to even large amounts of calcite. The different extents to which the two proxies would be influenced by inadvertent inclusion of such meniscus calcite demonstrate the importance of a multi-proxy approach. 相似文献
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