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21.
Current visualization techniques for computational fluid dynamics applications are sophisticated and work well in simple geometries. For complex geometries such as pore spaces, multiple domain boundaries obstruct the view and make the studying of fluid flow fields difficult. To overcome these deficiencies, we use two-sided materials to render the domain boundaries. Using this technique, it is possible to place the camera inside the domain and have a non-obstructed view of the surrounding flow field without losing spatial reference to the domain boundaries. As a result, a larger part of fluid flow visualization is visible. Two-sided material rendering was successfully applied to display still images with Blender Cycles renderer, in a virtual reality environment, and several implementation techniques were explored for using the Visualization Toolkit. 相似文献
22.
Lars Bilke Thomas Fischer Carolin Helbig Charlotte Krawczyk Thomas Nagel Dmitri Naumov Sebastian Paulick Karsten Rink Agnes Sachse Sophie Schelenz Marc Walther Norihiro Watanabe Björn Zehner Jennifer Ziesch Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(10):3881-3899
Scientific visualization is an integral part of the modeling workflow, enabling researchers to understand complex or large data sets and simulation results. A high-resolution stereoscopic virtual reality (VR) environment further enhances the possibilities of visualization. Such an environment also allows collaboration in work groups including people of different backgrounds and to present results of research projects to stakeholders or the public. The requirements for the computing equipment driving the VR environment demand specialized software applications which can be run in a parallel fashion on a set of interconnected machines. Another challenge is to devise a useful data workflow from source data sets onto the display system. Therefore, we develop software applications like the OpenGeoSys Data Explorer, custom data conversion tools for established visualization packages such as ParaView and Visualization Toolkit as well as presentation and interaction techniques for 3D applications like Unity. We demonstrate our workflow by presenting visualization results for case studies from a broad range of applications. An outlook on how visualization techniques can be deeply integrated into the simulation process is given and future technical improvements such as a simplified hardware setup are outlined. 相似文献
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Pavel N. Mager Dmitri Yu. Klimushkin Nickolay Ivchenko 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(16):1677-1680
An often observed and still unexplained feature of the high-m Alfvén waves in the terrestrial magnetosphere is their equatorward phase motion, in contrast with low-m waves. We suggest an explanation of this fact in terms of a model of wave excitation by an azimuthally drifting particle inhomogeneity injected during substorm activity. The azimuthal direction of the phase velocity coincides with that of the cloud. If the drift velocity increases with the radial coordinate, the particle cloud is stretched into spiral in the equatorial plane which leads to a radial component of the phase velocity directed toward Earth, that is, an equatorward phase propagation. 相似文献
24.
Ilia Louban Nicole Bobrowski Dmitri Rouwet Salvatore Inguaggiato Ulrich Platt 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2009,71(7):753-765
The simultaneous quantitative determination of two-dimensional bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) distributions in volcanic gas plumes is described. Measurements at the fumarolic field on the island Vulcano (autumn 2004)
and in the plume of Mt. Etna volcano (spring 2005) were carried out with an Imaging DOAS instrument. The SO2 fluxes of several fumaroles were estimated from two-dimensional distributions of SO2. Additionally, the first two-dimensional distributions of BrO within a volcanic plume were successfully retrieved. Slant
column densities of up to 2.6 × 1014 molecules per square centimetre were detected in the plume of Mt. Etna. The investigation of the BrO/SO2 ratio, calculated from the two-dimensional distributions of SO2 and BrO, shows an increase from the centre to the edge of the volcanic plume. These results have significance for the involvement
of ozone during BrO formation processes in volcanic emissions. 相似文献
25.
Dmitri?A.?IonovEmail author Vladimir?S.?Prikhodko Jean-Louis?Bodinier Alexander?V.?Sobolev Dominique?Weis 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2005,149(6):647-665
We provide petrographic, major and trace element data for over 30 spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Tokinsky Stanovik (Tok) volcanic field on the Aldan shield to characterize the lithospheric mantle beneath the south-eastern margin of the Siberian craton, which formed in the Mesoproterozoic. High equilibration temperatures (870–1,010°C) of the xenoliths and the absence of garnet-bearing peridotites indicate a much thinner lithosphere than in the central craton. Most common among the xenoliths are clinopyroxene-poor lherzolites and harzburgites with Al2O3 and CaO contents nearly as low as in refractory xenoliths from kimberlite pipes (Mir, Udachnaya) in the central and northern Siberian craton. By contrast, the Tok peridotites have higher FeO, lower Mg-numbers and lower modal orthopyroxene and are apparently formed by shallow partial melting (3 GPa). Nearly all Tok xenoliths yield petrographic and chemical evidence for metasomatism: accessory phlogopite, amphibole, phosphates, feldspar and Ti-rich oxides, very high Na2O (2–3.1%) in clinopyroxene, LREE enrichments in whole-rocks.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 相似文献
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The shelfbreak wintertime thermal front in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico often exhibits meandering, eddy formation and warm-water
intrusion. A high level of frontal variability plays an essential role in exchange processes across the shelf. This study
examines the impacts of local frontal instability and bottom topography on turbulent heat exchange across the front using
the results of two numerical models. Analysis of a series of numerical experiments reveals that the flow is baroclinically
unstable. Predicted frontal instability contributes significantly to cross-frontal exchange and accounts for about 35% of
the total eddy heat flux. Onshore eddy heat flux has the highest intensity at the frontal position. In addition, eddy activity
and heat flux are sensitive to variation of bottom topography. For topographic features and frontal characteristics that are
typical of the area, bottom steepness enhances the flux and is nearly proportional to the cross-frontal heat exchange. The
study attempts to explain physical mechanisms that drive frontal circulation in the area and to quantify heat transport across
the shelf. Estimated heat fluxes can provide important information for climate and ecosystem modeling of the Mississippi Bight. 相似文献
28.
Gleb Panteleev Motoyoshi Ikeda Alex Grotov Dmitri Nechaev Max Yaremchuk 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(3):613-623
Standard hydrological section data, collected in the eastern Barents Sea in September 1997, have been analyzed using a variational
data assimilation technique. This method allows us to obtain temperature, salinity and velocity fields that are consistent
with observations and dynamically balanced within the framework of a steady-state model describing large-scale nearly geostrophic
circulation. Error bars of the optimized fields are computed by explicit inversion of the Hessian matrix. The optimized velocity
field is in agreement with independent velocity observations derived from surface drifter trajectories in the southwestern
part of the Barents Sea. Optimized fields provide the following estimates of integral characteristics of the circulation in
the region: i) the North Cape current transport is 2.12 ± 0.25 Sv; ii) the Karskie Vorota Strait throughflow is 0.7 ± 0.06
Sv; iii) heat flux with Atlantic water is 4.7 ± 0.16⋅1011 W; iv) salt import from the Atlantic Ocean is 7.41 ± 0.46⋅103 kg/s. The imbalance of the heat budget in the eastern part of the Barents Sea indicates the presence of statistically insignificant
surface heat fluxes which are less than 1 W/m2.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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