暴雨和中尺度气象学问题

对近年来暴雨和中尺度气象学的进展进行了综合评述,这包括(1)暴雨发生的条件;(2)强风暴和中尺度对流系统概念模式;(3)中尺度系统的数值模拟;(4)中尺度动力学问题;(5)暴雨预报等。对于暴雨和中尺度气象学将来研究的问题也作了讨论。     

Purification and characterization of acetylcholinesterase from brain tissues of Oreochromis aurea and its application in environmental pesticide monitoring

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in enzyme-based detection of pesticides in the environment. In this paper, AChE from the Triton X-100 extract of brain tissues of Oreochromis aurea was purified by (NH₄)₂SO₄ fractional precipitation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. Certain biochemical characterizations of the purified enzyme and inhibition of pesticides on the enzyme were also studied. The specific activity of this purified enzyme was 20.628 U/mg protein, fold of purification was 139, and recovery was 22.1%. The optimal temperature of this enzyme was between 35–40 °C, and optimal pH was between 7.5–8.0. The Michaelis constant (K_m) for acetylthiocholine iodide was 0.183 mmol/L. The enzyme activity was inhibited by excess substrate, and optimal substrate concentration was 6 mmol/L. Four pesticides (dichlorvos, phoxim, triazophos, and methomyl) exhibited strong inhibitions on this enzyme with IC₅₀ less than 5 μg/mL. This study suggests that Oreochromis aurea (tilapia) could be a good enzyme source for pesticide monitoring in water environments.     

现代大地测量学中的垂线偏差

从大地测量学的角度论述了垂线偏差概念从传统到现代的发展和演变,比较全面地探讨了现代垂线偏差的含义和测定方法。通过对垂线偏差量级和误差大小的具体分析,得出结论一般长周期的、幅度较小的非潮汐变化要小于潮汐变化,但短周期的、幅度较大的非潮汐变化则可能与潮汐变化相当,个别地区甚至还会超过潮汐变化,这种情况完全可以用重复重力测量的方法检测到,这也说明重复测量的方法是可行的。     

皱纹盘鲍对河流弧菌-Ⅱ苗免疫的研究

于１９９３－１９９５年，用免疫法防治皱纹盘鲍脓疱病，河流弧菌－ＩＩ分离自大连水产养殖公司，太平洋海珍品养殖公司的患脓疱病的皱纹盘鲍；健康皱纹盘鲍，由大连水产养殖公司石庙苗种厂提供，鲍血淋巴细胞的体外培养吞噬实验，取健康皱纹盘鲍的血淋巴与肝素和菌液铵一定比例混合后，置湿盒内３７℃培养３０ｍｉｎ，取一滴涂片，吕氏液染色后观察，用该病原菌制做菌苗，大量扩增病原菌，用０．１％－１．０％的甲醛洗下菌苔，处理     

Forecasting the ionospheric f0F2 parameter one hour ahead using a support vector machine technique

This paper proposes a method for forecasting the ionospheric critical frequency, f₀F₂, 1 h in advance, using the support vector machine (SVM) approach. The inputs to the SVM network are the time of day, seasonal information, 2 month running mean sunspot number (R2), 3 day running mean of the 3 h planetary magnetic ap index, the solar zenith angle, the present value f₀F₂(t) and its first and second increments, the observation of f₀F₂ at t?23 h, the 30-day mean value at time, t, f_mF₂ (t) and the previous 30 day running mean of f₀F₂ at t?23 h f_mF₂(t?23). The output is the predicted f₀F₂ 1 h ahead. The network is trained to use the ionospheric sounding data at Haikou, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Lanzhou, Beijing, Changchun and Manzhouli stations at high and low solar activities. The performance of the SVM model was verified with observed data. It is shown that the predicted f₀F₂ has good agreement with the observed f₀F₂. The performance of the SVM model is superior to that of the autocorrelation and persistence models, and that it is comparable to that of the neural network model.     

城市垃圾的生物处理技术

生物技术是实现城市垃圾无害化和资源化的一种有效手段。重点阐述了城市垃圾生物处趣的基本原理及3种主要的生物处理方法，简要介绍了城市垃圾生物处理方法中的一些新技术及发展趋势，为寻找适合我国国情的垃圾处理技术提供一些参考。     

氧化铁矿物对重金属离子的吸附及其表面特征

杂质和复杂的微形貌导致铁（氢）氧化矿物表面的能量和结构高度不均一。能量高、配位数低的位置吸附力强。电荷和离子半径决定了重金属离子的吸附能力。由于表生地球化学过程中的吸附过程几乎都与流体有关,流体的ｐＨ值主要通过对铁氧化物的影响吸附过程,ｐＨ值的变化改变了铁氧化物表面羟基的分布,即改变表面吸附位置的结构,进而影响氧化物的吸附能力,铁（氢）氧化物的表面结构其复杂,现有的吸附理论从不同的角度出发,在一定程度上解释了铁（氢）氧化物的吸附行为,但也存在许多问题。     

琅琊山抽水蓄能电站上水库副坝地段岩溶发育特征及渗漏分析

琅琊山抽水蓄能电站上水库位于岩溶区,水库的主要问题是副坝坝基深部的岩溶渗漏问题。本文简要分析副坝地段岩溶发育规律和特征,利用地下水渗流场分析岩溶渗漏特征和形式,并用岩溶管道水汇流理论分析和计算渗漏量,从而分析研究岩溶结构体的透水性,为岩溶渗漏分析和防渗处理提供依据      

极地和赤道热状况异常与我国及湖北省严寒关系的分析

本文对1952-1986年期间我国几次特大严寒的环流背景及发生规律作了分析和探讨,认为:严寒是一个大范围的天气现象,严重严寒往往涉及全国甚至欧亚范围,严寒的发生与大气环境的异常分布有关,导致严寒发生的前期因子是极地和赤道大范围热状况异常.     

塔北油田现今地应力的AE法测量

对塔北油田不同钻孔的不同深度的岩心进行现今地应力最大主应力值测量，救是了测区现今最大主应力随深度变化规律，得出了如下重要的认识；在测区的相同深度上，出油井比出油井最大主应力偏低，油井的出油岩层与非出油层相比，前者的最大主应力偏低。