青藏高原现代降水中dδ^18O／dT的变化

不同时间尺度ｄδ＾１８Ｏ／ｄＴ的天气气候意义是不同的，其数值大小也是不一样的。本根据对青藏高原沱沱河、德令哈、西宁三站大气降水中δ＾１８Ｏ与温度关系的分析，并与具有长序列资料的地区进行比较。初步给出了青藏高原不同时间尺度ｄδ＾１８Ｏ／ｄＴ之间的差异。     

小尺度断层定量预测及对注水开发的影响——以渤中34油田为例

大尺度断层往往控制了沉积盆地的形成和油气成藏,而小尺度断层则影响着注水开发效果和剩余油分布.大尺度断层可以通过二维或三维地震资料识别,而小尺度断层的识别则特别困难.本文提出了一种基于断层分形生长模式和三维地质力学模拟相结合来确定小尺度断层的数量、发育位置和方位的方法,并根据油田开发动态资料来确定小尺度断层对注水开发和剩余油分布的影响.将地震上识别的大尺度断层引入到三维数值力学模型中,模拟大尺度断层形成时期断裂带附近的应力扰动作用,然后结合破裂准则来建立最易发生破裂的方位和最大库伦剪切应力网格,以这两套网格和断层尺度的幂律分布确定的小尺度断层数量为约束条件来确定随机模型,对小尺度断层的密度、产状和发育位置进行定量预测.研究表明:利用分形理论和三维地质力学模拟可以对大尺度断层伴生小尺度断层进行有效预测;小尺度断层对注水开发效果和剩余油分布的影响取决于小尺度断层的规模(断距)以及小尺度断层方位和注采方向的关系.     

富水水库中微生物成因的显微针铁矿及其对微量元素的富集

通过对湖北省富水水库坝基渗漏水及其析出物的研究,探讨了现代沉积环境(水库)中显微铁矿物形成的机理及微生物在铁的生物矿化中的作用和意义.对析出物中微量元素的富集特征也进行了初步研究.用化学分析方法测试出坝基渗漏水中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+、k+、Na+为主,Fe2+和Fe3+含量极少,阴离子以HCO-3为主.析出物的化学成分以铁的氧化物为主.采用X射线衍射、差热分析、红外光谱和穆斯堡尔谱,以及透射电镜和扫描电镜等测试手段,分析研究了析出物的物相和形貌特征.析出物的主要矿物相为针铁矿、石英、伊利石、蒙脱石及微量方解石,呈弱结晶状态.由析出物中显微针铁矿特殊的形貌特征及其特征的穆斯堡尔谱图推测出富水水库沉积环境中显微针铁矿是由铁细菌形成.ICP-MS测试测试结果表明,析出物中不仅富集了铁,还富集了Yb、Pb、Dy、Zn、Co、Be、Eu、Sm和Tb等微量元素.微量元素的富集是微生物与显微针铁矿共同作用的结果.     

遵义市2009/2010年秋冬春连旱事实及形成原因初析

2009年秋季到2010年初春,遵义市出现了特大干旱,对农业、林业、人畜饮水、水利电力等方面造成严重的危害和巨大的损失。详细分析干旱期间的气象要素,从秋季9月到初春3月的总降水量不足常年同期平均值的一半,并与历史上的秋冬干旱年份进行了比较,发现本次干旱期间遵义市大部分地方降水量等多项气象要素突破历史最少记录,因此认为2...     

Characteristics of Ore-controlling Structures and Ore Emplacement Mechanism in the Shihu Gold Deposit,Hebei Province - A Case Study of the No.101 VeinEI北大核心CSCD

The Shihu gold deposit lies in the middle-northern Taihang Mountains and is strictly controlled by faults. The ore-controlling structures in the mining district are not well-documented. Detailed field observation and laboratory investigation of the No.101 vein indicated that the ore-controlling structures of the Shihu gold deposit are the pre-Mesozoic shear joints with SN and NW strike that reactivated during the Yanshanian emerged from. The NNW-SSE left-strike-slip stresses during the main mineralization stage led to the dilation of the NW-strike structural segments along the roof and footwall of the early quartz diorite porphyrite veins, which contributed to the extensive wall-rock alteration, intensive gold mineralization and occur as quartz-vein type ores, and consequently the formation of rich ore pillars. On the contrary, the SN-strike compressive structures correspond to the weak wall-rock alteration and gold mineralization and occur as altered-rock type ores. All the rich ore pillars laterally distributed with high-angle (70°±), and wholly pitched southward with 40° angle. According to the structural ore-controlling regularities, the location between the No.47 and the No.61 exploratory line with elevation below 150 m is an excellent ore-prospecting area. Our prospecting proposal based on the ore-controlling structural analyses in the study area has been proven by the underground works in the Shihu gold deposit. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.     

Geochemistry and SHRIMP geochronology of alkaline rocks of the Zijinshan massif in the eastern Ordos basin, China

Characteristics of geology, petrology, and geochemistry of the Zijinshan massif were studied in the eastern part of the Ordos basin. Geochemical analysis shows that the massif is characterized by high alkali, relatively high Fe, and low Mg and Ca contents. The rocks are undersaturated in SiO₂, rich in REE (with no Eu anomaly) and belong to the alkaline-peralkaline series. The geologic history of the Zijinshan massif consists of several stages of magmatism. The obtained isotope-geochronological (U-Pb SHRIMP) data show that the magmatic activity climaxed in the interval 150–110 Ma, while the age of 16 zircon grains fitted a narrower interval, 132–125 Ma, i.e., the Early Cretaceous. The younger age corresponds to the middle and late stages of the evolution of the Ordos basin and agrees with a large Early Cretaceous tectonothermal event in North China. This event led to the large-scale uplift of the eastern flank of the Ordos basin, rise of the Lüliang asthenosphere, and to the formation of a large west-sloping monocline. The U-Pb SHRIMP studies have also revealed magmatic zircons of Carboniferous–Permian age, which evidences the multistage character of the thermal process.     

Interpreting the Influence of Reservoir Water Level Fluctuation on the Seepage and Stability of an Ancient Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area: A Case Study of the Outang Landslide

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The periodic reservoir water level (RWL) fluctuation on bank slopes during water impoundment in Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) may lead to the reactivation...