Vanadium mineralization in ore of the Vihanti massive sulfide base-metal deposit,Finland

A series of vanadium oxides—shcherbinaite, karelianite, kyzylkumite, coulsonite, and berdesinskiite—was found in association with pyrrhotite in pyrite-pyrrhotite ore from the Paleoproterozoic Vihanti massive sulfide deposit of the Kuroko-type. It is suggested that enrichment in vanadium of massive sulfide ore from the Vihanti deposit is a result of their metamorphogenic regeneration and pyrrhotinization at the expense of rocks and ore enriched in vanadium. The list of rare minerals in massive sulfide ore has been extended.     

Sources of δ18O Concentration Variability in Greenland Ice Cores: Temperature, North Atlantic Oscillation and Solar Activity

This work concerns possible connection between variations of δ¹⁸O in Greenland ice, temperature, precipitation amount, NAO indices and relative sunspot numbers. The relationships between 10-year averaged values of this data were derived making use of regression analysis methods. It was discovered that February temperature yields the main contribution in variability of δ¹⁸O. The multiple correlation coefficient between weighted night temperature of the most important months and δ¹⁸O equals 0.95±0.01. Besides the local source of δ¹⁸O changes, defined by the amount of precipitation and temperature, an additional source correlated with the level of solar activity has been revealed. The relative contribution of this source in the δ¹⁸O variance is about 0.1. It has been shown that the multiple correlation coefficient between δ¹⁸O and NAO indices is equal to 0.85. Therefore the NAO yields more than 2/3 of the variances of climatic change in Greenland. An independent contribution of solar activity in climatic changes is about 1/3.     

Hale Cyclicity of Solar Activity and Its Relation to Climate Variability

The periodicity of climatic processes along the Russian Arctic Ocean coast has been studied by analyzing the tree-ring chronologies for the regions close to the northern timberline. The wavelet analysis of annual series of conifer tree rings for the period 1458–1975 has revealed climatic oscillations with periods of 20–25 years. The amplitudes and periods of climatic oscillations in the region of Russian Arctic Ocean proved to exhibit appreciable changes. Especially strong climatic variations in comparison with the recent ones were found to occur during the Maunder minimum epoch when the period of oscillations increased from 22–23 years to 24–29 years, and oscillations with periods of 15 years appeared. After the Maunder minimum, the periods of oscillations and their amplitudes again decreased, and the 15–16-year maximum disappeared. Analysis of solar activity based on of radiocarbon (¹⁴C) concentration in annual tree rings has revealed a similar pattern in changes of periodicity before, during, and after the Maunder minimum. This suggests that quasi-bidecadal climatic oscillations and variations in solar activity can be connected with each other. A possible solar forcing of periodic climatic processes and its nonlinear influence on the atmosphere-ocean-continental system are discussed. The intense quasi-bidecadal climatic oscillations can be, in all probability, interpreted as resulting from amplification of a weak solar signal in the atmosphere-ocean system that has its own noises whose frequencies are close to the 22–23-year solar cycles.     

Rhythms of Banded Glacial Clays of the Paleoproterozoic (~2 Ga Ago) and Modern Cycles of Solar Activity

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Paleoclimatic data from a sequence of argillite deposits of the Gowganda Formation located in the Mississagi River Valley (southern Ontario Province, Canada) covering a...     

Solar Activity from the Mid-Second Millennium B.C. to the First Millennium A.D. Based on Radiocarbon Data

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The paper reports the results of reconstruction of the heliospheric modulation potential from radiocarbon data for the time interval from the mid-second millennium B.C....     

Peculiarities in the formation of populated places on the seaboard of the USSR

"A number of investigators have noted a movement of Soviet population toward the seacoasts, contrasting with the nation's traditional inland development. The pull of the coast has been linked to the increasing foreign trade of the USSR and to greater involvement in ocean affairs in general. The author analyzes the recent growth of maritime urban places in terms of the nation's major maritime regions: Azov-Black Sea, Baltic, Caspian, Pacific and Arctic, compares the rates of urban population growth and discusses some of the factors that account for differences in regional development."     

Manifestation of the Gothenburg geomagnetic field excursion in the Barents Sea bottom sediments

An analysis of the paleomagnetic characteristics of the bottom sediments taken in 2000 in the northern Barents Sea for the first time revealed the Gothenburg geomagnetic field excursion (13 000–12 000 years ago) at the time boundary of the transition from the glacial period to the recent warm epoch (the Holocene). The obtained data confirm the excursion complex structure: the presence of two successive time intervals of variations in the geomagnetic field inclination. An increase in the magnetic susceptibility and natural remanent magnetization of the samples at the above boundary and about 15 000 years ago indicates that the magnetic parameters of the sediments respond to climate changes in the environment in this time interval.     

Proportions of massive-sulfide and strata-bound lead-zinc mineralization during the Earth’s evolution

Massive-sulfide base-metal deposits of the volcanic rock association and strata-bound Pb-Zn deposits in terrigenous and carbonate-terrigenous formations contain over 70% of the total world reserves of Pb and Zn. It has been found, based on an analysis of original databases on the corresponding mineral deposits found all over the world, that correlation in time and distribution in the Earth’s geological evolution of massive-sulfide deposits of the volcanic-rock association and lead-zinc deposits of the SEDEX type, as well as their reserves, was determined by changes in tectonic settings, by the evolution of the composition of the continental lithosphere, and by irreversible changes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere of the Earth.