银根-额济纳旗及邻区石炭-二叠系的沉积特征及石油地质意义

长期以来,由于埋藏深、地质复杂及自然条件恶劣等原因,银根-额济纳旗及邻区石炭系-二叠系的油气勘查程度低,相关研究成果少.鉴于此,本文充分利用研究区的周缘露头,借助近30条剖面的详细调查,分析了本区石炭系-二叠系的沉积特征.研究表明,本区石炭系-二叠系包括了泥岩、砂岩、砂砾岩、碳酸盐岩和火山岩(或火山碎屑岩)等,海相生物丰富.暗色泥岩是石炭系-二叠系的主体,是潜在的烃源岩和盖层;火山岩(或火山碎屑岩)发育,碳酸盐岩多呈透镜状且硅化普遍,砂砾岩相对较少,三者构成石炭系-二叠系重要储层.岩石组成及展布特征表明,石炭纪-二叠纪期间,本区张裂频繁,火山作用强烈,远离陆源区,水体深而宁静,利于生烃物质发育.期间,区内主要发育了浅海相、广海海岸相、碳酸盐台地相、辫状三角洲相、扇三角洲相和火山喷发相等沉积类型.其中,浅海相和局限海岸相主要形成了烃源岩和盖层,其他沉积则形成了储层,为区内石炭系-二叠系造就了良好的油气地质条件.     

743阳离子交换快速分离——ICPS-PGS2单道扫描直读光谱仪测定地质样品中15个微量稀土元素

本文采用过氧化钠(Na_2O_2)熔样,743阳离子交换树脂快速分离,0.4mol/L柠檬酸25ml洗脱稀土,无需浓缩,即可用lCPS-PGS2单道扫描直读光谱仪直接测定15个微量稀土元素。在选择的最佳测量条件下,本法测定下限为0.005~g/ml(Eu)-0.50μg/ml(Ce),标准加入回收在88％—110％之间,样品分析精度为3.3％—17％,样品分析结果与参考值相符。本法适用于一般地质样品中微量稀土元素的例行分析。     

南极普里兹湾附近海域表层海流特征分析

利用第29次南极科考期间在普里兹湾海区释放的8个Argos漂流浮标所获的总计662 d的数据,对普里兹湾及其邻近海域的表层海流特征进行了分析,并和以前的研究结果进行对比,结果表明:普里兹湾西部和北部表层海流基本呈现向西的流动,说明此地区的表层海流以沿南极大陆的逆时针沿岸流为主。普里兹湾东部海流呈现先向南再向西或先向南再向北的流动,普里兹湾西北部海流呈现向南的流动。8个浮标平均流速在0.02—0.20 m·s~(-1)之间,最大流速为1.57 m·s~(-1),流速1.0 m·s~(-1)的大流速区主要集中在普里兹湾、克洛斯角外侧、达恩利角外侧海域,流速1.5 m·s~(-1)的大流速区只出现在普里兹湾、克洛斯角外侧两处海域。     

Quick Bird遥感影像的几何校正

以高分辨率的Quick Bird卫星数据为对象,经影像信息融合,使处理后的图像分辨率提高且接近真彩色,具有良好的判识效果;选择若干个GPS地面控制点作为参考点,以遥感图像处理软件ER Mapper6.2为平台,对图像进行二次多项式几何精校正,纠正后的图像点位误差在lm左右,说明纠正后的图像具有较高的几何精度.     

关于太古宙—元古宙界线的新认识

２５００Ｍａ作为太古宙－元古宙界线的提议被２８届国际地质大会通过，但并不意味着２５００Ｍａ作为太古宙－元古宙界线是永恒的最佳选择。事实上，太古宙－元古宙界线划在何处还存在很多争论，现行的界线划分依据也期分期标准相悖。大量资料表明），２３００Ｍａ时曾发生全球地质环境的灾变，灾变前后的地质作用（尤其是表生地质作用），有明显变化，导致了太古宙与元古宙的一系列差别。该灾变与元古宙－显生宙，古生代－中生代，     

Degrading river network due to urbanization in Yangtze River Delta

Evolution of river systems under the background of human activities has been a heated topic among geographers and hydrologists. Spatial and temporal variations of river systems during the 1960s–2010s in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated based on streams derived from the topographic maps in the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s. A list of indices, drainage density (Dd), water surface ratio (WSR), ratio of area to length of main streams (R), evolution coefficient of tributaries (K) and box dimension (D), were classified into three types (quantitative, structural, and complex indices) and used to quantify the variations of stream structure. Results showed that: (1) quantitative indices (Dd, WSR) presented decreasing trend in the past 50 years, and Dd in Wuchengxiyu, Hangjiahu and Yindongnan have decreased most, about 20%. Structurally, the Qinhuai River basin was characterized by significant upward R, and K value in Hangjiahu went down dramatically by 46.8% during the 1960s–2010s. Decreasing tendency in D was found dominating across the YRD, and decreasing magnitude in Wuchengxiyu and Hangjiahu peaks for 7.8% and 6.5%, respectively in the YRD. (2) Urbanization affected the spatial pattern of river system, and areas with high level of urbanization exhibited least Dd (2.18 km/km²), WSR (6.52%), K (2.64) and D (1.42), compared to moderate and low levels of urbanization. (3) Urbanization also affected the evolution of stream system. In the past 50 years, areas with high level of urbanization showed compelling decreasing tendency in quantitative (27.2% and 19.3%) and complex indices (4.9%) and trend of enlarging of main rivers (4.5% and 7.9% in periods of the 1960s–1980s and the 1980s–2010s). In the recent 30 years, areas with low level of urbanization were detected with significant downward trend in Dd and K. (4) Expanding of urban land, construction of hydraulic engineering and irrigation and water conservancy activities were the main means which degraded the river system in the YRD.     

班怒带西段尕尔穷铜金矿两套侵入岩源区及其地质意义——来自Hf同位素特征的指示

尕尔穷铜金矿位于班公湖—怒江缝合带西段南缘的措勤—申扎火山岩浆弧内,为与侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型-破碎带型铜金(铁)矿床。在已有石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年的基础上,进一步对其进行锆石Hf同位素研究,同时对最新勘查成果显示具有一定成矿潜力的花岗斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究,确定了两套侵入岩的形成顺序;结合前人总结的岩石地球化学特征,利用Hf同位素对其岩浆源区进行示踪。结果显示:花岗斑岩锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(83.2±0.7)Ma,较石英闪长岩晚4 Ma左右,其初始176Hf/177Hf值为0.282 235～0.283 073,εHf(t)值为-17.2～12.5;石英闪长岩锆石初始176Hf/177Hf值为0.282 800～0.283 015,εHf(t)值为3.5～10.5。结合二者地球化学特征显示:石英闪长岩和花岗斑岩可能是同一岩浆系统不同分异阶段的产物,前者主要起源于具有幔源印记的初生地壳,而花岗斑岩具有和石英闪长岩相似的岩浆源区,但明显混入上地壳基底物质;暗示晚白垩世班怒带西段南缘内随着南羌塘—三江复合板片与冈底斯—念青唐古拉板片之间的弧-陆碰撞,先成的具有幔源印记的初生地壳重熔形成岩浆,随着碰撞的继续和岩浆的上涌分异,部分上地壳受挤压或热效应进一步重熔并参与岩浆系统中,由早至晚形成了由幔源特征向幔-壳混合源特征源区逐渐转变的花岗岩演化系列。尕尔穷铜金矿是起源于具有幔源印记的初生地壳的花岗岩的成矿专属性表现。     

Chinese sunspot drawings and their digitization –(Ⅱ) accuracy analysis for digitized sunspot hand-drawing records of Yunnan Observatories

Sunspots are the most striking and easily observed magnetic structures of the Sun, and statistical analysis of solar historical data could reveal a wealth of information on the long-term variation of solar activity cycle. The hand-drawn sunspot records of Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences have been accumulating for more than 60 years, and nearly 16 000 images have been preserved. In the future, the observation mode of recording sunspots by hand-drawing will be replaced inevitably by digital images observed either at ground or in space. To connect the hand-drawn sunspot data and the purely digital sunspot data in future, it is necessary to analyze the systematic errors of the data which are observed by the two observation modes in the period of transition. In this paper, we choose 268 round sunspots(Htype in modified Zurich sunspot classification) from the drawing of Yunnan Observatories to compare their positions and areas with the CCD observations made by Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager(HMI) on board Solar Dynamic Observatory(SDO) and Global Oscillation Network Group(GONG). We find that the latitude and longitude accuracy of hand-drawn sunspot are within-0.127 and 2.29 degree respectively,and the area accuracy is about 16.36 sunspot unit(μHem). Systematic errors apparently decrease with large sunspot.     

陕西蓝田地区三趾马化石新材料

刘东生等60多年前描述的在陕西蓝田灞河组下部的Hipparion sp., 材料较少, 但形态特殊, 此后一直未见相关报道。近年来在这一地区又发现了类似三趾马化石的新材料。新发现的Hipparion sp. 个体小, 原尖短、圆, 次尖明显偏向舌侧, 次尖颈收缩, DP4的次尖几乎完全孤立; 原小尖褶长大复杂, 次附尖粗大、分叉, 向外伸出; 端附尖长大, 根部收缩, 内侧收缩沟内伸, 并呈复杂的褶沟。这些组合特征与包括Hipparion chiai在内的灞河组上部3种三趾马扁长的原尖截然不同, 也区别于九老坡的Hipparion plocodus(Hipparion fossatum), 而接近于大庙沟的Hipparion sp.。新材料的发现表明灞河早期的这种形态比较特殊的三趾马可能延续到了灞河晚期, 甚至更晚的时代, 同时在白鹿塬西侧蓝田汤峪河道一带有新近系地层出露。     

南海北部大陆架西段地热条件与油气资源前景

北部湾盆地下第三系由于油源母质特性原因和适于生油的空间相对局限,总体上看,天然气的潜力大于石油。生油岩与地温条件在空间上的配置适当决定了珠三盆地油气资源的良好前景。较高的地温与古地温环境是莺琼盆地成为南海北部大陆架天然气富集区的重要条件,较高的地温不仅使盆地中西部上第三系烃源岩能够广泛生气,也是本区有巨大远景的深成高压气(盆地中、西部)与浅成生化成因气的形成与富集的重要条件。