南海北部西沙海槽北侧陆坡块体搬运沉积体系的发育特征及演化

Triple mass-transport deposits(MTDs) with areas of 625, 494 and 902 km2, respectively, have been identified on the north slope of the Xisha Trough, northern South China Sea margin. Based on high-resolution seismic reflection data and multi-beam bathymetric data, the Quaternary MTDs are characterized by typical geometric shapes and internal structures. Results of slope analysis showed that they are developed in a steep slope ranging from 5° to 35°. The head wall scarps of the MTDs arrived to 50 km in length(from headwall to termination). Their inner structures include well developed basal shear surface, growth faults, stepping lateral scarps, erosion grooves, and frontal thrust deformation. From seismic images, the central deepwater channel system of the Xisha Trough has been filled by interbedded channel-levee deposits and thick MTDs. Therefore, we inferred that the MTDs in the deepwater channel system could be dominated by far-travelled slope failure deposits even though there are local collapses of the trough walls. And then, we drew the two-dimensional process model and threedimensional structure model diagram of the MTDs. Combined with the regional geological setting and previous studies, we discussed the trigger mechanisms of the triple MTDs.     

准噶尔盆地二叠系源- 汇系统与古地理重建

源- 汇系统是目前国内外地球科学领域的研究热点,对于含油气盆地古地理重建以及源储预测评价有着重要的指导作用。本文以准噶尔盆地二叠系为研究对象,通过基于盆地地质大剖面的构造- 层序特征分析、定年数据的物源体系演化分析和沉积过程约束的正演模拟等方法,深化了对准噶尔盆地二叠纪古地理格局的认识,探讨了二叠纪源- 汇系统演化特征与二叠系源储分布规律。早二叠世为盆地断陷发育期,以石炭系为主物源,除东南部发育海相- 海陆过渡相沉积外,总体以近物源扇三角洲- 湖相沉积体系为主,多断陷的沉积格局控制了玛湖等凹陷优质烃源岩的分布,与火山岩相关的扇三角洲前缘砂体与混积云质岩构成有利储集体;中二叠世为盆地断- 拗转换期,物源年龄开始趋于复杂,沉积中心、沉降中心较早二叠世明显向盆内迁移,早期断陷趋于连通,盆地西部仍以近物源的扇三角洲群- 湖相沉积体系为主,东南部则转换为远物源三角洲群- 湖盆沉积体系,在盆地中部发育连片分布的规模烃源岩,可与同期（扇）三角洲前缘形成良好的源储组合;晚二叠世进入盆地拗陷发育期,物源供给范围更广,物源年龄进一步复杂化,大型浅水湖盆发育远物源为主的退覆型河流- 三角洲沉积体系,为盆地规模油气成藏奠定了储层基础。     

基于Google Earth Engine的土地覆盖分类方法研究

基于谷歌云在线处理平台(Google Earth Engine,GEE),以2019年全年Landsat-8 OLI影像为数据源,选取黑龙江省哈尔滨市为试验区,基于决策树算法、随机森林算法、最邻近算法、支持向量机算法开展土地覆盖分类方法研究,并对不同分类器方法提取结果进行精度评价.试验结果表明,基于GEE平台可以快速完成土地覆盖分类,各分类方法都可以达到较好的效果;采用决策树算法提取结果最优,总体精度为97.53％,Kappa系数为0.9586.     

利用市政污水厂尾水培养产油微藻——营养盐去除与生物质生产

将1株产油淡水微藻——微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.MASCC 11)分别接种到青岛市2家市政污水处理厂(STP)的尾水中,根据其生长、油脂产率和营养盐去除情况,评价了利用STP尾水培养微藻以生产富油的藻生物质同时深度净化尾水的可行性。结果表明,团岛污水处理厂(TD-STP)和李村河污水处理厂(LC-STP)尾水中无机氮和磷酸盐的浓度虽然远低于BG11培养基,但仍能支持微藻生长,而且以未经稀释的尾水更具优势,培养8 d后,藻生物量分别达到BG11培养基中生长微藻的65.23%和44.77%。STP尾水经稀释后处于营养盐缺乏状态,有利于藻细胞内脂质积累,但是油脂产率最大值(10.5 mg·L^-1·d^-1)仍出现在未经稀释的TD-STP尾水中,为未稀释LC-STP尾水的1.37倍。LC-STP尾水中微藻的油脂产率较低,可能与该处理厂接纳工业废水而在尾水中残留较多有害物质有关。在微藻的直接和间接作用下,TD-STP和LC-STP尾水中磷酸盐的去除率分别达到94.5%和100%;无机氮的去除率较低(分别为59.2%和45.4%),与尾水中初始N/P较高有关。上述结果表明,与接纳工业废水的污水厂相比,处理生活污水的污水厂所排尾水较适于培养产油微藻,能够实现产油微藻低耗培养与尾水深度净化相耦合。     

秦岭中部山地降水的垂直变化研究

明确秦岭高海拔山区降水的变化规律,是深入理解秦岭作为中国南北地理过渡带特征、认识秦岭水资源在南水北调中线工程中重要作用的前提。但秦岭高海拔地区长期缺乏有效的降水观测数据,导致对其降水变化缺乏了解。利用2018年6月1日—2019年5月31日秦岭太白山海拔3760 m实测降水数据,发现在秦岭海拔3760 m处年降水量可达1300 mm,远高于汉江盆地和关中平原600~800 mm的年降水量。在此基础上,检验了克里金（Kriging）、反距离加权（IDW）和薄盘样条（ANUSPLIN）插值方法,以及GPM修正数据（GPM-cal）和ERA5再分析资料对秦岭中部山地年和季节降水空间模态的再现效果,各方案均能揭示秦岭高山区是降水高值中心,且降水随海拔的升高而增大,但利用克里金、反距离加权插值方案不能得到准确的高海拔降水值,与此相比,GPM-cal数据、薄盘样条插值与ERA5资料能较准确刻画秦岭中部山地年降水量随地形的变化。水汽通量分析显示,秦岭凭借高大地形对600 hPa高度以下的南来湿润气流具有明显的阻挡、强迫和拦截作用,使其南坡成为区域降水高值中心。结合高山区降水观测、薄盘样条插值、多源格点资料和数据修正方法,是认识秦岭山地降水形成和变化的有效途径。     

上海版高中地理必修一活动系统分析

本文以上海版高中地理必修一(2020年版)的活动系统为研究对象,依据地理活动系统分类方法,结合上海版地理必修一活动系统特点,将其分为3大类12小类。本文通过分析活动系统的内容(整体构成、逐类构成和逐单元构成)和形式,总结出该版本教材活动系统的三大特点:类型多样化;内容情境生活化;能力培养综合化、现代化。本文在此基础上分别为三大活动系统的教学提出了建议:认知性活动应重视问题情境、案例教学;操作性活动应重视观察体验、实践探究;综合性活动应重视问题驱动、小组合作。     

Equation of state of adamite up to 11 GPa: a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study

The compression behavior of natural adamite [Zn₂AsO₄OH] has been investigated up to 11.07 GPa at room temperature utilizing in situ angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction and a diamond anvil cell. No phase transition has been observed within the pressure range investigated. A third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state fitted to all of the data points yielded V ₀ = 430.1(4) Å³, K ₀ = 80(3) GPa, K′ ₀ = 1.9(5). The K ₀ was obtained as 69(1) GPa when K′ ₀ was fixed at 4. Analysis of axial compressible moduli shows the intense compression anisotropy of adamite: K _a0 = 37(3) GPa, K _b0 = 153(6) GPa, K _c0 = 168(8) GPa; hence, a axis is the most compressible and the compressibility of b and c axis is comparable. Furthermore, the comparisons among the compressional properties of adamite, libethenite (Cu₂PO₄OH, also belongs to olivenite group), and andalusite (Al₂SiO₄O has the similar structure with adamite) at high pressure were made.     

Study of a full-wave equation-based seismic illumination analysis

Recently, the seismic illumination analysis has progressed considerably in methodology which has been developed not only from one-way wave equation-based illumination to full-wave equation-based illumination but also from conventional illumination analysis to directional illumination analysis with local plane-wave decomposition. Because of the inherent defects of the one-way wave equation, the full-wave equation-based seismic illumination methods have increasingly attracted more attention. However, full-wave equation-based wavefield includes both downgoing and upgoing waves, such as transmissive, turning, and reflected waves. This hybrid wavefield can mislead us in seismic illumination analysis. For the sake of a preferable seismic illumination analysis method, we separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields in the time domain using Poynting vector and defined the incident and reflected illumination analysis functions based on the separated wavefields. Furthermore, we applied these two new illumination functions in seismic illumination analysis with the Sigsbee2a model. Multiple-shot illumination results show that the full-wave illumination and incident illumination maps are consistent with the seismic migration image. Because of no interference caused by the interactions between upgoing and downgoing waves, the incident illumination is superior for illumination analysis. Successful application of the full-wave equation-based incident and reflected illumination functions in the actual acquisition direction design of marine seismic geometry verifies their applicability and reveals their excellent prospects.     

A multifunctional HTDMA system with a robust temperature control

The hygroscopicity of atmospheric aerosols significantly influences their size distribution, cloud condensation nuclei ability, atmospheric residence time, and climate forcing. In order to investigate the hygroscopic behavior of aerosol particles and serious haze in China, a Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzers (HTDMA) system was designed and constructed at Fudan University. It can function as a scanning mobility particle sizing system to measure particle size distribution in the range of 20--1000 nm in diameter, as well as a hygroscopicity analyzer for aerosol particles with diameters between 20--400 nm in the range of 20%--90% RH (relative humidity). It can also measure the effect of uptake of inorganic acids or semi-VOCs on the hygroscopic behavior of aerosols, such as typical inorganic salts in atmospheric dust or their mixtures. The performance tests show that the system measured particle size of the standard polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) is 197 nm, which is in excellent agreement with the certified diameter D=199±6 nm, as well as a standard deviation of the repeated runs SD=8.9x10^-4. In addition, the measured hygroscopic growth factors of the model compounds, (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NaNO₃, agree with the Kohler theoretical curves. The results indicate that the HTDMA system is an excellent and powerful tool for studying the hygroscopic behavior of submicron aerosols and meets the demand required for laboratory research and fieldwork on atmospheric aerosols in China.     

江苏省冰粒过程的天气特征和预报着眼点探讨

利用常规气象观测资料、微波辐射计资料和FNL再分析资料对2016年3月8日和2015年2月27日江苏省两次冰粒过程进行了对比分析,研究结果表明:(1)两次过程均是在后倾槽系统和东路冷空气的影响下产生的,环流形势为冰粒的产生提供了有利的大尺度条件;(2)在临近冰粒形成前,融化层和冻结层形成,而干层的形成时间要明显早于融化层和冻结层;(3)偏北的冷气流与偏南的暖气流随时间和空间分布不同导致温度平流分布不同,进而导致融化层和冻结层产生;(4)干层的形成主要是由于湿度平流随高度的分布差异造成的,水滴在干层中的蒸发吸热作用促进冻结层产生和维持。