首都圈地区前兆台网映震能力的强化方案研究

本文以首都圈地区现有前兆台网的映震能力评价为基础，提出了前兆台网强化的原则与方法。强化的原则是，以近期地震危险性研究成果为依据，以捕捉源兆信息为目标，以捕捉短临异常信息为重点。强化的途径是，对现有布局作适当的调整与优化，布设电磁波与断层土壤气为主的前兆台网，建设地下流体综合观测站与构筑地震前兆的立体化观测系统。     

Vondrak滤波法在定点地形变资料分析中的应用

本文使用天文学数据处理中常用的Ｖｏｎｄｒａｋ平滑滤波法，对库尔勒短水准和呼图壁断层形变资料进行了高通、低通和带通数字滤波处理。结果表明，处理后的资料突出了地震前不同周期的地壳形变异常信息，降低了背景噪声和观测误差的影响。该方法对于识别形变异常有较好的效果。     

花岗岩研究的最新进展及发展趋势

本文重点讨论了花岗岩成因类型及其同地球动力学体系的关系、花岗岩形成时的物理化学约束条件、产生花岗岩的热源、花岗岩的定位机制及花岗岩同成矿作用的关系。地球化学和其他证据表明，花岗岩浆一般说是地壳和地幔物质混合的结果，实际上可能存在一种地幔源与地壳源之间的连续谱系。花岗岩研究下一步将向何处去？同地球动力学相关联，花岗岩形成时的热源、岩浆混合和岩浆上升、定位的机制，可能是在最近的将来解决花岗岩问题的关键。     

某新型梁柱节点的装配式钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能的抗震设计研究

在一种新型无黏结预应力装配式混凝土梁柱框架节点抗震性能试验基础之上，使用基于位移的抗震设计方法对新型框架节点的无黏结预应力装配式钢筋混凝土框架结构进行整体抗震设计研究。首先使用有限元软件sap2000进行预应力三维结构设计并建立相应的有限元模型，同时建立该梁柱节点的梁恢复力模型，进而实现自定义塑性铰本构关系研究该装配式框架结构。使用pushover分析去表征结构的抗震性能，对比研究不同目标位移下的相应性能水平要求。通过施加Y方向均匀分布荷载对结构进行弹塑性推覆分析，对结构的层间位移角、破坏机制进行分析讨论。结果表明：按照"功能良好""生命安全""防止倒塌"三水平的设计均达到预期结果，各层层间位移角和薄弱层的性能均能满足规范的相应要求。并选用三条地震波对结构进行弹塑性动力时程分析，表明基于该新型梁柱节点的装配式结构在基于位移的抗震设计中可以较好满足相关抗震性能水平要求。     

基于MODIS数据的甘肃主要水库水体面积变化特征

掌握甘肃主要水库的水体面积变化规律,对"甘肃省国家生态安全屏障综合试验区"建设具有重要参考意义。基于2000—2014年MODIS的8 d合成地表反射率产品MOD09资料,利用WI1水体指数,对甘肃四大水库双塔、昌马、红崖山和刘家峡的水体面积进行监测,并与兰州区域气候中心实时接收的卫星资料目视解译结果进行对比、建立相关关系,进而对上述水库水体面积变化状况进行研究。结果表明:甘肃四大水库8 d合成产品MOD09反演的水体与卫星实时资料目视解译结果均具有很好的相关性,且变化趋势较一致,MOD09产品反演结果能够反映水体实时变化状况,可用于水库水体面积的变化特征研究。近10 a多,甘肃四大水库水体面积表现出春季或秋季较大、夏季最小的年内分布特征,各水库水体面积的年际变化趋势较复杂,疏勒河上的昌马和双塔水库春、夏、秋三季水体面积的年际变化趋势不明显,而红崖山和刘家峡水库水体面积均呈波动增加趋势,这对甘肃中西部农业灌溉极为有利。     

京津冀典型工业城市沙河市大气污染特征及来源分析

近些年京津冀地区秋、冬季大气重污染事件频发,工业生产与居民燃煤是大气灰霾污染的重要原因。河北省沙河市是京津冀地区以玻璃制造和加工为主的典型工业城市,本研究选取该城市为研究对象,主要利用2017年1月至12月国控站点的大气环境监测和气象数据,采用扩散模型、潜在源分析等手段,分析了沙河市主要污染物的时空分布特征和污染来源。主要结论有:（1）沙河市首要污染物具有明显季节特征,春季、夏季、秋冬季分别以PM₁₀、O₃、PM_2.5污染为主,季节贡献率分别为43.3%、72.3%、61.5%。（2）受城市大气边界层和排放的共同影响,PM₁₀、PM_2.5、SO₂、NO₂和CO浓度均有剧烈的季节—日变化特征。（3）冬季东北风时PM_2.5、NO₂、SO₂均展现出高浓度和高相关性特征,表明站点可能受东北方向玻璃企业排放影响。同时,站点可能也受城中村散煤燃烧影响。（4）沙河市冬季PM_2.5浓度为143 μg m-3。冬季的一次重污染中硫氧化率SOR、氮氧化率NOR的最高值分别达0.67、0.39,气态污染物的二次转化剧烈,高湿度利于二次粒子的生成。重污染中C(NO₃-)/C(SO₄2-)均值为1.89,推测沙河市NO₂主要来自大型运输车辆和企业的共同排放。（5）本地源是沙河市PM_2.5的主要潜在源区,周边几个重工业城市也有一定贡献。因此本研究建议沙河市PM_2.5的治理除需加强本地污染源的削减和控制外,区域联防联控也十分重要。     

Numerical Simulation of the Lagging Water Inrush Process from Insidious Fault in Coal Seam Floor

Because of insidious fault’s concealing performance and lagging nature, water inrush from insidious faults in coal seam floor can cause great threads to the mine safety. Based on analyzing the engineering geology conceptual model, this paper simulated the insidious fault lagging water inrush process and showed the lift height of the confined water in the insidious fault fractured zone (LHCWIFFZ) and the formation of water inrush channel. Then the concept of the potential water inrush channel with time effect was put forward. In order to further illustrate the time effect of the lagging water inrush from insidious fault, theoretical analysis was made from two aspects of the time effect of the plastic zone development height in the insidious fault fractured zone (PZDHIFFZ) based on the differential flow deformation theory and the time effect of water inrush channel in the upper part of the insidious fault (WICUPIF) based on the subcritical crack propagation theory. Simulation results showed that the results are basically consistent with mining practice.     

荷兰人工育滩工程Sand Motor的经验与启示

海岸侵蚀已成为砂质海岸重要灾害之一,世界各国都致力于海滩防护。荷兰由于地势低洼,在护滩工程中进行大量尝试,于2011年在代尔夫兰海岸开展创新性人工育滩工程即Sand Motor,单个工程补沙总量达2.15×107 m3。持续监测结果显示,工程建成后的沙滩形态与模拟结果基本吻合,沙量损失速度低于预期。阶段性评价结果表明,Sand Motor通过波浪、海流等向海滩缓慢输沙,稳定海岸沙滩和海岸沙丘,具有防护效果显著、成本较低、使用寿命长、增加海岸利用等优点,值得我国借鉴。     

Fluid Inclusions,C–H–O–S Isotope and Geochronology of the Bujinhei Pb–Zn Deposit in the Southern Great Xing'an Range of Northeast China: Implication for Ore Genesis

The Bujinhei Pb–Zn deposit is located in the southern Great Xing'an Range metallogenic belt. It is a representative medium‐ to high‐temperature hydrothermal vein type deposit controlled by fractures, and orebodies hosted in the Permian Shoushangou Formation. The hydrothermal mineralization is classified into three stages: pyrite ± arsenopyrite–quartz (Stage 1), polymetallic sulfide–quartz (Stage 2), and polymetallic sulfide–calcite (Stage 3). Fluid inclusion petrography, laser Raman analyses and microthermometry indicate that the liquid‐rich aqueous inclusions (L) and vapor‐rich CO₂ ± CH₄–H₂O inclusions (C) occur in the Stage 1 and as medium‐ to high‐ temperature and low‐ to medium‐salinity NaCl–H₂O–CO₂–CH₄ hydrothermal fluids. The liquid‐rich (L) and rare vapor‐rich CO₂ ± CH₄–H₂O inclusions (C) occur in the Stage 2 with medium‐temperature and low‐salinity NaCl–H₂O ± CO₂ ± CH₄ hydrothermal fluids. The exclusively liquid‐rich (L) fluid inclusions are observed in the Stage 3, and the hydrothermal fluid belongs to medium‐temperature and low‐salinity NaCl–H₂O hydrothermal fluids. The results of hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses indicate that ore‐forming fluids were initially derived from the magmatic water and mixed with local meteoric water in the late stage (δ¹⁸O_H2O‐SMOW = 6.0 to 2.2‰, δD_SMOW = ?103 to ?134‰). The carbon isotope compositions (?18.4‰ to ?26.5‰) indicate that the carbon in the fluid was derived from the surrounding strata. The sulfur isotope compositions (5.7 to 15.2‰) indicate that the ore sulfur was also primarily derived from the strata. The ore vein No. 1 occurs in fractures and approximately parallel to the rhyolite porphyry; orebodies have a close spatial and temporal relationship with the rhyolite porphyry. The rhyolite porphyry yielded a crystallization age of 122.9  ± 2.4 Ma, indicating that the Bujinhei deposit may be related to the Early Cretaceous magmatic event. Geochemical analyses reveal that the Bujinhei rhyolite porphyry is high in K₂O and peraluminous, and derived from an acidic liquid as a result of strong interaction with hydrothermal fluid during the late magmatic stage; it is similar to A2‐type granites, and formed in a backarc extensional environment. These results indicate that the Bujinhei Pb–Zn deposit was a vein type system that formed in Early Cretaceous and influenced by the Paleo‐Pacific tectonic system. Bujinhei deposit is a representative hydrothermal vein type deposit on the genetic types, and occurs on the western slope of the southern Great Xing'an Range. The ore‐forming fluids were medium‐ to high‐temperature and low‐to medium‐salinity NaCl–H₂O–CO₂–CH₄ hydrothermal fluids, which became medium‐temperature and low‐salinity NaCl–H₂O hydrothermal fluids in later stages, and came from magmatic water and mixed with meteoric water, whereas the ore‐forming materials were mainly derived from the surrounding strata. The LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the Bujinhei deposit formed at the period of late Early Cretaceous, potentially in a backarc extensional environment influenced by the Paleo‐Pacific tectonic system.     

新疆塔什库尔干县赞坎铁矿外围水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向

通过塔什库尔干县赞坎铁矿外围地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及其元素相关性的研究表明,元素(地球化学)异常(高值区)严格受塔阿西-色克布拉克断裂带,以及泥盆纪地层、热液活动、岩脉等因素联合控制。根据异常特征与成矿地质条件,圈定了4处成矿远景区,即赞格尔铅银钨多金属成矿远景区(Ⅰ_1)、西若钨锡钼铜多金属成矿远景区(Ⅱ_2)、盖家克铬镍铜金多金属成矿远景区(Ⅱ_3)和哈尼沙里地金多金属成矿远景区(Ⅱ_4),为下一步找矿工作指明了方向。