陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝复合砂体分布模式及编图方法*

陆相湖盆与海洋环境不同,具有水体浅、能量弱、湖进湖退频繁等特点。综合应用高精度层序地层学和地震沉积学等关键技术,通过中国东部及中西部典型陆相湖盆的勘探实践、野外露头解剖和现代沉积考察,总结了陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的分布模式,并提出了复合砂体地质编图法。研究结果表明:(1)陆相湖盆的“湖—陆过渡沉积体系”不仅发育分流河道,还发育河口坝和沿岸砂坝,这些不同时期的分流河道、河口坝和沿岸砂坝交织叠加在一起,在古代地层和现代沉积中得以保存;(2)地形平坦处,水体浅、波浪作用不强、河流作用为主,形成河道砂体;湖岸较陡处,波浪作用强,分流河道砂体被波浪改造,形成沿湖岸分布的滩坝砂体;(3)在高频湖平面变化背景下,岸线的迁移导致沉积坡折的迁移,形成了多期垂直于岸线分布的树枝状三角洲分流河道砂体,和多期平行于岸线呈带状分布的沿岸滩坝砂体相互交织的陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝复合砂体的特殊结构;(4)复合砂体地质编图法基于传统单因素法,以复合砂体分布模式为指导,主要针对发育在水体较浅、地形平坦开阔背景下的陆相湖盆三角洲—滩坝砂体。     

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基于卫星测高数据的潮汐分析方法对比研究

基于卫星测高数据的潮汐分析是建立海潮模型的基本方法之一,主要包括调和分析方法和正交响应分析方法。利用上述两种方法对中国海和西太平洋海域的Topex/Poseidon(TP)、Jason-1(J1)和Jason-2(J2)卫星测高数据进行了潮汐分析,并将两种方法的计算结果进行对比研究。结果表明,观测时间序列的长度对潮汐信息提取的准确度有较大影响。满足分离任意两个分潮会合周期的卫星测高观测时间序列下,两种方法的准确度基本相同。短时段的数据受混叠效应影响明显,正交响应分析较调和分析准确度更高。     

流动地震台网监测萍乡矿区地震

为加强江西萍乡矿区地震监测能力,在萍乡安源矿区周边布设7台流动观测设备构建流动台网。自2013年9月6日至10月31日,共记录ML1.0以上地震4次,均在当地有震感,并利用自编定位程序实现地震精确定位。     

钻井液对煤心煤层气解吸损失量的影响

为了准确求取钻井液作用下煤心煤层气解吸损失量,借助物理化学、界面化学、表面浸润、浸润相变和煤化学等理论,并通过相关实验研究,讨论了游离态煤层气对解吸损失量的影响,探讨了钻井液作用下液置气和水锁现象对煤层气解吸机理的影响。结果表明:在钻井液作用下,煤心煤层气解吸是多因素动态耦合作用的结果,煤层气原始压力、煤结构破坏类型、粒度、煤级、提钻速度和装罐时间是影响煤层气解吸损失量的主要因素;另外,煤心煤层气在钻井液和空气两种介质中有置换解吸、变压解吸和常压解吸3种解吸过程。      

加拿大极地通信和气象卫星计划分析

北极是全球气候敏感区域之一,长期以来极地气象观测资料比较缺乏.为了提高北美及全球天气预报的准确性,加拿大航天局联合加拿大环境、气象、国防等部门多个单位共同启动了极地通信和气象卫星(PCW:Polar Communication and Weather)计划,持续提供50°N以北地区的通信服务和气象遥感观测.在气象方面,PCW将提供北极极地附近地区每隔15/30min的多光谱遥感信息,重点用于高纬度风场反演、海/湖冰、积雪和植被监测,云、气溶胶和火山灰信息反演,这些遥感信息在气候变化研究中将发挥重要作用.简要介绍了PCW计划的进展、卫星观测系统设计、轨道设计、遥感仪器、气象和空间天气的监测产品及应用.     

Analysis of developmental features and causes of the ground cracks induced by oversized working face mining in an aeolian sand area

In order to satisfy the energy demand of China, it is an effective way to exploit coal resources efficiently in western China. When a coal seam with a shallow burial depth is mined on a large working face with width of 300 m in a semi-desert aeolian sand area of western China, the induced subsidence and damage of ground surface are remarkably different from those induced by a traditional mining condition. By taking Working Face 12,406 of Bulianta Coalmine in Shendong Mining Area as an example, this paper, based on actual measurement data, analysed the developmental features and causes of ground surface racks. Research results showed that the shape of the static crack in the peripheral area on the working face was very similar to that contained in the actual measurement results of other areas; specifically, such static crack was arc-shaped and the actually measured static crack angle was 84.5°. However, the dynamic crack above the working face took on uniqueness in two developmental cycles (expansion to restoration). This phenomenon is not available in other research areas. Starting from the structure of rock strata, this paper analysed the two developmental cycles of dynamic cracks according to the periodic fracture theory of key stratum and verified the results of theoretical analysis by employing the similar material model.     

精密定轨与时间同步系统噪声对GNSS卫星钟性能评估的影响分析

利用精密定轨与时间同步（ODTS）解算出的精密钟差产品求解其系统噪声,然后对系统噪声进行性能分析。分别采用IGS、Sta(IAC俄罗斯空间局分析中心发布的钟差产品)、GBM钟差产品进行实验,结果表明,ODTS系统噪声对在轨原子钟性能的影响在可接受的水平;采用IGS与Sta提供的精密钟差产品可以实现对GPS和GLONASS星载原子钟的在轨性能评估,GBM产品可以实现对BDS星载铷钟的性能评估以及天稳级别氢钟的性能评估。     

A TEM Study on Fluid Inclusions in Coesite-bearing Jadeite Quartzite in Shuanghe in the Dabie Mountains

Fluid inclusions at a nano to sub-micron scale in quartz from jadeite quartzite at Shuanghe, Dabie Mountains, have been investigated by using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Most fluid inclusions are spherical or negative crystal shaped, forming wide swarm-like trails. The TEM reveals that the relationship between coesite and the host quartz is syntaxic and provides strong evidence of the occurrence of high-salty fluids at peak metamorphic conditions. The fluid inclusions are often connected to dislocations, which are undetected at the scale of optical microscopy. Non-decrepitation leakage of fluid inclusions may occur by pipe diffusion of molecule H2O or CO2 along dislocations from the inclusions into the host quartz, thus leading to original inclusion density and composition changes. It should be taken into full account for the correct petrological interpretation of micro-thermometric results.     

花岗岩拓扑学的研究展望

花岗岩拓扑学（granite topology)着重阐明花岗岩区域岩石成因及其与大地构造环境的联系，花岗岩是多种地质因素及其相互作用的产物，总体上受壳幔相互作用中热流传递机理的控制，这种热扰动和相继的热松弛与地表的大地构造环境又有重要的联系，根据目前研究，花岗岩的区域岩石成因和大地构造环境的联系实际上仅同大地构造旋回中由某种热扰动所引起的某一构造阶段有关，因而一个大的构造单元往往可以出现一系列不同成因的花岩类型及其组合。