水平层状介质中侧向电阻率测井快速迭代反演与应用

侧向电阻率测井由于具有较好的探测深度和较高的纵向分辨率而成为油储地球物理测井中的一种重要方法,是确定储层中油气含量的最方要手段。然而,当地层的厚度小于基纵向分辨率时,由于受井眼泥浆和上下围岩等的影响,实测的视电阻率以已无法反映地层电阻率的起初变化,给油气层的划分及油储层的定量评价带有极大的困难,因此,研究侧向电阻率测井反演不论在理论上还是实际应用上均有非常重要的意义。     

Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol onto Oxide and Clay Minerals： Surface Reaction Model and Environmental Implications

The adsorption of pentachlorophenol （PCP） onto quartz, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and iron oxides has been investigated by batch equilibrium techniques. The pH-dependent isotherms are curves with peak values, the position of which is at about pH = 5-6 depending on the mineral species. Based on distribution of both speciation of surface hydroxyls on minerals and PCP in solution a surface reaction model involving surface complexation and surface electrostatic attraction is presented to fit the pH-dependent isotherms, and both reaction constants are calculated. The results show that on quartz and phyllosilicate minerals the predominant adsorption reaction is surface complexation, meanwhile both of surface electrostatic attraction and surface complexation are involved on the iron oxide minerals. The reaction constants of surface electrostatic adsorption are usually one to three orders in magnitude, larger than that of surface complexation. The concentration-dependent isotherms can be well fitted by Langmnir equation with the correlation coefficient R〉0.93 for kaolinite and iron oxides. The maximum adsorption is found in the order： hematite 〉 lepidocrocite 〉 goethite 〉 kaolinite 〉 quartz 〉 montmorillonite ≈ illite, which can be interpreted by consideration of both reaction mechanism and surface hydroxyl density. The significant adsorption of PCP onto mineral surfaces suggests that clay and iron oxide minerals will play an important role as HIOCs are adsorbed in laterite or latertoid soil, which is widespread in South China.     

中国降水观测误差分析及其修正

在1980s 乌鲁木齐河流域进行的降水误差观测试验结果基础上, 依据我国726 个气象站1951~2004 年逐日观测资料, 对降水的动力损失、微量降水以及湿润损失进行系统的修正, 以期获得更准确的长系列降水资料, 为区域乃至全球水热循环过程和水文学研究提供基础资料。修正结果表明, 在大部分地区由风速作用引起的动力损失是主要的误差来源, 但在降水较少的地区湿润和微量降水观测损失也起着重要作用, 全国726 个台站年降水修正量在8~740 mm 之间, 平均约125 mm, 相应的修正幅度在5%~72%, 平均约18%。从时间看, 冬季修正系数大于夏季, 但冬季修正量小于夏季; 从空间分布看, 西北地区年修正量一般小于50 mm, 东南地区大于100 mm, 总修正系数由西北向东南地区减少, 其中西北地区大于30%, 而西南地区小于20%, 这一修正系数高于全球的11%左右的平均修正量。     

Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.     

Accuracy of tretyakov precipitation gauge: Result of wmo intercomparison

The Tretyakov non-recording precipitation gauge has been used historically as the official precipitation measurement instrument in the Russian (formerly the USSR) climatic and hydrological station network and in a number of other European countries. From 1986 to 1993, the accuracy and performance of this gauge were evaluated during the WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison at 11 stations in Canada, the USA, Russia, Germany, Finland, Romania and Croatia. The double fence intercomparison reference (DFIR) was the reference standard used at all the Intercomparison stations in the Intercomparison. The Intercomparison data collected at the different sites are compatible with respect to the catch ratio (measured/DFIR) for the same gauge, when compared using mean wind speed at the height of the gauge orifice during the observation period. The Intercomparison data for the Tretyakov gauge were compiled from measurements made at these WMO intercomparison sites. These data represent a variety of climates, terrains and exposures. The effects of environmental factors, such as wind speed, wind direction, type of precipitation and temperature, on gauge catch ratios were investigated. Wind speed was found to be the most important factor determining the gauge catch and air temperature had a secondary effect when precipitation was classified into snow, mixed and rain. The results of the analysis of gauge catch ratio versus wind speed and temperature on a daily time step are presented for various types of precipitation. Independent checks of the correction equations against the DFIR have been conducted at those Intercomparison stations and a good agreement (difference less than 10%) has been obtained. The use of such adjustment procedures should significantly improve the accuracy and homogeneity of gauge-measured precipitation data over large regions of the former USSR and central Europe.     

Dinosaur Footprints of Early Cretaceous in Site 1 ,Yanguoxia ,Yongjing Country ,Gansu Province

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周期—频度谱方法在大庆台网数字化地震记录分析中的应用

论述了周期－频率谱方法在分析数字化地震记录中的应用。结果表明该方法对识别各类振动的性质较为有效，所形成的一整套分析流程适用于各种地震数字记录分析。     

乌鲁木齐河源雪密度观测研究

乌鲁木齐河源高山区积雪形成期(10月)积雪层的月平均密度为140kg/m~3,稳定积雪前期(11—2月)和稳定积雪后期(3—4月)雪层的月平均密度分别为190—210kg/m~3和175kg/m~3,非稳定积雪期(5—9月)的新雪密度介于90—125kg/m~3,平均值为112kg/m~3。统计分析表明,冬季积雪层的平均密度不随积雪深度而变化,但与5日平均气温和5日合计降水量呈反相关关系,夏季新雪的密度随雪深的增大而上升,风速对冬季积雪层平均密度和夏季新雪密度均无明显影响作用。