三门湾近五十年来富营养化的沉积记录

沿海(特别是河口港湾)富营养化已成为当前海洋环境的一个突出问题.以人类活动影响下的典型海湾--三门湾为研究对象,对三门湾湾内(SM-3)及湾口(SM-17)沉积物柱状样品进行研究,采用210Pb对SM-17沉积柱进行年代测定,建立年代标尺.通过对两个沉积柱多化学指标变化特征(有机碳、总氮、总磷和生物硅分布特征、生源要素...     

VO_IMPAT:中国虚拟天文台图像处理分析工具

中国虚拟天文台图像处理分析工具（VO_IMPAT），是由国家天文台虚拟天文台项目组开发的一项服务，它提供了对数字巡天图像数据（Digital Sky Survey，DSS）、天文星表以及其他数据库的交互访问。VO_IMPAT的设计目的是实现多波段天文数据的融合。可以将不同波段的星表叠加到DSS底图上，如光学波段的USNO星表、近红外波段的2MASS星表、射电波段的NVSS星表和X射线波段的RASS星表。同时VO_IMPAT还可以对图像进行放大、缩小、伪彩色、等高线、直方图、尖锐化、平滑化、旋转等处理，不同的星表数据可以采用不同的颜色和图标显示。     

内蒙古区域数值预报对探空和地面观测资料的敏感性试验研究

基于内蒙古睿图预报系统的低分辨率版本和WRFDA-FSO诊断工具,评估2021年7月现有探空和地面观测对内蒙古睿图预报系统预报的影响。该方法计算代价相对低廉,并允许根据观测变量、观测类型、气压层次、地理区域等观测的子集对观测影响进行划分。代价函数为以干总能量为度量的背景场和分析场的预报误差之间的差异。结果表明:观测影响的总体总和为负,观测对预报起正贡献作用。对12 h预报误差减小贡献最大的观测来自探空观测的动力变量(U、V风分量)。而单时次单位数量平均观测影响,探空观测的贡献约为地面观测的1/2。探空观测对12 h预报误差减小从近地面层至模式层顶均保持正贡献作用,并在对流层中低层和对流层高空急流层存在两个极大值区域;地面观测在850 hPa以下低层正贡献占比明显。探空观测在被同化系统同化时均总体具有有利的影响,也反映出探空观测数据稳定、质量较高的特征;地面观测对12 h预报误差减小起正贡献作用次数最多的区域在河套地区尤为显著。同时,探讨了需进一步提高地面观测资料同化率的问题。     

高硫酸盐矿山废水的处理方法研究进展

高硫煤矿闭坑后成为埋藏在地表以下深部的产酸污染场,对相邻含水层和周边环境造成了潜在危害,且因采动效应影响和矿井空间分布复杂导致相邻含水层的污染过程与污染程度评价困难。以某闭坑矿区为研究对象,选取SO₄ ²⁻作为特征污染物,考虑多煤层采动裂隙对含水层结构的破坏影响,运用数值模拟技术对闭坑矿区酸性矿井水中SO₄ ²⁻污染迁移特征进行研究,并分析流体扩散系数对含水层污染物运移的影响。结果表明：SO₄ ²⁻在二叠系童子岩组砂岩含水层中水平迁移面积随时间增大而增大,增大速率逐渐减小,垂向渗透系数扩大10倍,空间变异性增强;闭坑5、10、15 a后,最大水平迁移距离分别为215、414、612 m,最大垂向迁移距离分别达到50、65、70 m;而扩散系数越大,产酸时间越长,SO₄ ²⁻迁移距离和污染范围将随之增大,相较于水平方向,垂向上SO₄ ²⁻浓度变化对扩散系数的敏感度更高。基于模拟结果,结合闭坑矿区实际条件,针对性提出了“源头减量−过程阻断−末端治理”的综合防控与治理方案。研究结果将为该闭坑煤矿酸性矿井水污染治理与防控提供理论基础,也为其他同类矿井提供科学借鉴。

     

Efficacy of beach dewatering — Alassio,Italy

The goal of this study is to estimate the efficiency of dewatering operations in Alassio Beach, north Italy by following an integrated approach which included beach volume calculations, daily mapping of the shoreline position, examination of specific beach widening events and daily comparisons of morphodynamic characteristics of the drained beach versus a control section which included wave run-up, bar patterns, rip migration, evolution of the berm and cusp morphology.     

Optimal Processing of Marine High-Resolution Seismic Reflection (Chirp) Data

Chirp frequency-modulated (FM) systems offer deterministic, repeatable source-signatures for high-resolution, normal incidence marine seismic reflection data acquisition. An optimal processing sequence for uncorrelated Chirp data is presented to demonstrate the applicability of some conventional seismic reflection algorithms to high-resolution data sets, and to emphasise the importance of a known source-signature. An improvement of greater than 60dB in the signal- to-noise ratio is realised from correlating the FM reflection data with the transmitted pulse. Interpretability of ringy deconvolved data is enhanced by the calculation of instantaneous amplitudes. The signal-to-noise ratio and lateral reflector continuity are both improved by the application of predictive filters whose effectiveness are aided by the repeatability of the Chirp source.     

曲线重构技术在鄂尔多斯盆地岩性圈闭储层预测中的应用

在井约束的随机反演过程中,通常利用单一测井曲线来指示储层,这种方法使用的曲线类型单一,不能完整地反映储层特征。因此,提出利用多种测井曲线来重构一种更接近储层真实特性的曲线,相比较伽马、中子等曲线而言,重构后的曲线与波阻抗具有更好的相关性,反演出来的岩性剖面更加真实。针对D区实际资料,利用曲线重构反演技术进行目标区储层预测,取得了相对常规单一曲线岩性反演更好的效果,证明了该方法的有效性。     

Land‐use impacts and water quality targets in the intensive dairying catchment of the Toenepi Stream,New Zealand

Water quality monitoring in Toenepi Stream, New Zealand, started in 1995 in a study of dairy farming influences on lowland stream quality and has continued since then with brief interruptions. Surveys have provided information about changes in farm and soil management practices as they relate to environmental sustainability. Although average water quality in Toenepi Stream has changed little during 1995–2004, there have been some notable improvements. Water clarity measured by black disc has improved from 0.6m to 1.5m, and median ammonia‐N and nitrate‐N concentrations have declined by 70% and 57%, respectively. The frequency and magnitude of extreme concentrations have declined—most notably for nitrogen (N) forms, which also had decreased mean values. Specific yields for suspended solids (SS) and phosphorus (P) forms in 2002–04 were 47–67% of 1995–97 values, mainly because of lower water yields. Reduced specific yields for N forms in 2002–04 (34–37% of 1995–97 yields) were also attributable to lower mean concentrations in stream water. Faecal bacteria concentrations have not abated and are on average 2–3 times recommended guideline values for contact recreation. Fewer dairy farms and an increased proportion irrigating dairyshed effluent to land, rather than discharging it to the stream via two‐pond systems, were likely causes of improvement in water quality. Water quality targets were developed for Toenepi Stream to achieve contact recreation criteria for the Piako River (downstream) and for intrinsic habitat values for Toenepi Stream. A range of mitigation measures has been formulated to meet these targets, but substantial uptake of sustainable farming practices is needed to improve water quality in Toenepi Stream.     

Robust leader-follower formation tracking control of multiple underactuated surface vessels

This paper is concerned with the formation control problem of multiple underactuated surface vessels moving in a leader-follower formation.The formation is achieved by the follower to track a virtual target defined relative to the leader.A robust adaptive target tracking law is proposed by using neural network and backstepping techniques.The advantage of the proposed control scheme is that the uncertain nonlinear dynamics caused by Coriolis/centripetal forces,nonlinear damping,unmodeled hydrodynamics and disturbances from the environment can be compensated by on line learning.Based on Lyapunov analysis,the proposed controller guarantees the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.