N451型伽玛能谱测井探管的研制与铀钍伽玛能谱测井技术研究

为准确测定铀钍混合型矿床中矿层的铀、钍含量,研制了 N451型伽玛能谱测井探管,并将该探管配接在 HD 4002B轻型综合测井系统上组成了伽玛能谱测井系统.基于该系统,建立了伽玛能谱测井仪的校正方法、伽玛能谱测井的数据处理方法和野外测井工作方法.N451型伽玛能谱测井探管具有探测效率高、自动稳谱系统抗辐射能力强的特点,在铀矿勘查中连续测定钻孔中矿层的U、Th含量,效果良好.     

三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）对大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）免疫相关基因表达的影响

三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, TCEP）是一种新型内分泌干扰物（Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,EDCs),低剂量就会造成很强的生物毒性。通过研究不同质量浓度梯度的TCEP对养殖大菱鲆的胁迫,发现其在24 h 、48 h 、72 h 和96 h的半致死浓度（LC₅₀）分别为190.76 mg/L、159.94 mg/L、140.70 mg/L和110.71 mg/L;安全浓度（SC）为33.60 mg/L。24 h内不同质量浓度梯度的TCEP和不同胁迫时间对养殖大菱鲆的影响表明,高于质量浓度33.60 mg/L的TCEP对大菱鲆具有急性毒性效应。用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析TCEP急性胁迫的养殖大菱鲆体内2种细胞免疫因子-组织相容性复合体alpha（MHC-Ⅱ α）和肿瘤坏死因子alpha（TNF-α）的基因相对表达水平,发现经TCEP胁迫后2种细胞免疫因子的表达量都显著上调;随TCEP的质量浓度升高,特别是达到47.69 mg/L（$ \frac{1}{4} $ LC₅₀）以上时表达量的变化更加明显;而胁迫时间超过12 h,基因表达量会呈现先上升后下降的趋势,说明对大菱鲆免疫系统造成急性损伤。研究结果可为大菱鲆健康养殖提供参考,并为环境污染物检测提供分子标记参考。     

一株虹鳟源枯草芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

为筛选对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)有潜在益生效果的菌株,本研究从健康虹鳟幼鱼肠道中分离到1株潜在益生菌株RT-BS07,采用形态学观察和分子特征分析对该菌株进行了鉴定,并评价了该菌株的抑菌性、耐受性、黏附性和安全性。形态学观察显示,菌株RT-BS07为革兰氏阳性杆菌,有圆形或椭圆形芽孢。16S rRNA比对结果显示,该菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)NCBI3610株的同源性为99.86%。结合16S rRNA基因序列分析和形态学观察结果,确定菌株RT-BS07为枯草芽孢杆菌。菌株RT-BS07具备产蛋白酶和纤维素酶能力,其酶活力分别为(0.039±0.002)和(0.393±0.002)U/mg;该菌株可有效抑制温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)、杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)和鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)等致病菌。菌株RT-BS07在pH为2~10 LB液体培养基中均可存活;在盐度为2%~8%条件下存活率为5.70%~93.28%,其存活率随盐度升高而降低。体外黏附试验结果表明,菌株RT-BS07可大量黏附在虹鳟前肠黏膜,不破坏肠道组织完整性,对左氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和链霉素等18种抗菌药物敏感。本研究分离筛选得到的枯草芽孢杆菌RT-BS07株具有产消化酶性能,其抗逆性能强,对虹鳟无毒害作用,可作为虹鳟健康养殖及益生菌制剂研发源益生菌候选株。     

湘产山银花水提物、醇提物特征图谱对比及其经典名方量值传递研究

目的：建立山银花水提物和醇提物的指纹图谱,对比二者之间的成分及含量差异;建立经典名方五味消毒饮中以山银花入药的特征图谱,并评价其饮片到提取物的量值传递。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB C18、Waters Xselect HSS T3;流动相为乙腈-0.1%/0.2%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长327 nm;柱温25℃、30℃;体积流量1.0 ml/min。采用相似度、相对峰面积等数据及对照指纹图谱对比方式对其结果进行综合分析。结果：山银花水提物共9个共有峰,相似度均<0.9,且差异较大;山银花醇提物共10个共有峰,相似度均>0.89;五味消毒饮特征图谱共13个共有峰,以同法检测山银花单味饮片提取物共7个特征峰。结论：本研究建立了山银花水提物及醇提物成分的指纹图谱,二者有细微差异;以山银花入药的五味消毒饮,所有特征峰均传递至五味消毒饮提取物中,其作为五味消毒饮的君药具有科学依据。     

羊栖菜不同部位微量元素含量测定及健康风险评价

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱 (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, ICP MS)分析3个不同养殖区域成熟期羊栖菜（Sargassum fusiforme）主茎、侧茎、生殖托、气囊等部位中As、Cd、Cr、 Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量,以揭示羊栖菜中这些微量元素在不同部位的分布特征。结果表明,羊栖菜具有较强的微量元素富集能力,不同部位的微量元素富集能力存在差异,主要富集在生殖托和气囊中。结果表明,各站位间As、Cd、Cr和Cu在各部位的分布特征较为相似,而Ni、Pb和Zn在各部位中的分布特征存在差异。羊栖菜对As的富集系数最高,对Cr的富集系数最小。根据健康风险评价结果,除了两个站位的生殖托外,摄入羊栖菜不会对人体产生健康风险,但是相对而言,茎干的食用风险更低。     

Estimating groundwater recharge beneath irrigated farmland using environmental tracers fluoride, chloride and sulfate

Accurate recharge estimation is essential for effective groundwater management, especially in the North China Plain, where irrigation return flow is significant to vertical recharge but brings difficulty for recharge estimation. Three environmental tracers (F^?, Cl^? and SO₄ ^2?) were used to estimate vertical recharge based on the mass balance and cumulative methods. Four boreholes were dry-drilled to 5–25 m depth beneath irrigated farmland and one was drilled to 5 m beneath non-irrigated woodland; soil samples were collected in all boreholes at set depths. The results indicated that F^?, Cl^? and SO₄ ^2?were suitable tracers beneath the non-irrigated woodland, yielding recharge rates of 16.9, 18.8 and 19.4 mm/year, respectively. Recharge estimation was not straightforward when taking account of crop type, irrigation and/or fertilizer use. After comparing with previous research, conclusions were drawn: Cl^? was an appropriate tracer for irrigated farmland when taking account of Cl^? input from irrigation and absorption by crops; recharge rates were 65.9–126.8 mm/year. However, F^? was a more suitable tracer for irrigated regions where account is made of the proportion of precipitation to irrigation return flow, provided low F^? concentrations can be measured reliably.     

A deep-seated landslide dam in the Siriu Reservoir (Curvature Carpathians, Romania)

The Groapa Vântului (Wind’s Dip) landslide, situated in the Buz?u Carpathians, on the right-hand slope of the Siriu Reservoir, occurred in April 2006, after the first local movements were signaled in September–October 2005. It represents a reactivation of an older, apparently relict (and well covered by a secular beech forest) landslide, which blocked Siriu Reservoir for several weeks and caused a major change in the sedimentation regime downstream of it. The volume of the displaced material reached almost 2.5 million m³, affecting a surface of more than 250,000 m² and reducing the reservoir’s volume by almost 2 million m³. The landslide developed on a lithological contact of Paleogene flysch formations and features steep (40–50°) and high (up to 30 m) scarps, as well as complex inner sectors, of rotational, translational, and compresional movement. The assessment of landslide’s morphodynamic behavior is based on repeated geomorphological field mapping and measurements, differential Global Positioning System, and total station profiles, and mobile and fixed landmarks. This preliminary assessment contributes to the understanding of the behavior of old, peri-glacial landslide reactivations and also represents progress towards a better hazard assessment.     

Understanding hydrological trends by combining the Budyko hypothesis and a stochastic soil moisture model

Abstract

The actual evapotranspiration and runoff trends of five major basins in China from 1956 to 2000 are investigated by combining the Budyko hypothesis and a stochastic soil moisture model. Based on the equations of Choudhury and Porporato, the actual evapotranspiration trends and the runoff trends are attributed to changes in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, rainfall depth and water storage capacity which depends on the soil water holding capacity and the root depth. It was found that the rainfall depth increased significantly in China during the past 50 years, especially in southern basins. Contributions from changes in the water storage capacity were significant in basins where land surface characteristics have changed substantially due to human activities. It was also observed that the actual evapotranspiration trends are more sensitive to precipitation trends in water-limited basins, but more sensitive to potential evapotranspiration trends in energy-limited basins.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor A. Porporato     

地震前兆台网oracle数据库与管理系统的维护与管理

介绍了前兆台网“九五”和模拟观测系统并入“十五”观测系统的技术系统及其特点,指出前兆台网运行维护和管理过程出现的一些主要问题并提出最优的廨决方法,特别是对oracle数据库和数据管理系统进行技术分析．解决前兆台网技术系统的主要技术问题,提高了维护与管理前兆台网的运行效率。