贵州省积冰变化的气象特征

为认识连续电线积冰过程中的积冰变化及对应的气象要素特征, 对贵州省2008-2014年7个冬季进行了实际积冰厚度值的估算, 发现连续电线积冰过程中并非积冰日数越长积冰危害越重. 对多个连续积冰过程中不同积冰变化状态下的气象要素特征进行统计分析, 结果表明: 积冰厚度值与气温因子的相关性更好, 积冰变化值与变温的相关系数较高; 日雨量和平均湿度对积冰的影响相互独立; 蒸发量的影响不可忽视. 积冰消融与增长的影响因子明显不同, 积冰消融和积冰维持仅在变温项上差异明显, 最高气温上升是影响积冰消融的关键因素; 积冰增长时大多为较平稳的降温, 过去24 h有降雨, 相对湿度大, 蒸发量小, 与其余两种情况有显著差异. 一次典型连续结冰过程中, 负变温更利于积冰的增长和维持; 积冰消融时无降水; 明显的日降雨量利于积冰增长, 但两者无线性关系. 最后, 对显著积冰变化做了定义及分析, 显著增长和消融在连续过程中易出现的时段不同, 显著积冰变化的高温日变化差异明显; 显著积冰增长要求的雨量更多, 湿度更高, 蒸发量更小.     

Broken Beds,but better science; using multiple hypotheses to interpret geological data

In this study, we propose a multiple hypotheses approach to improve interpretations of limited remotely sensed datasets, such as sparsely exposed outcrops, subsurface datasets, or planetary objects using semi-quantitative scoring and ranking of observable features. This method is demonstrated using an outcrop example from the Broken Beds of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Purbeck Limestone Group exposed along Britain's Jurassic Coast. Four published hypotheses regarding their origin are refined, represented in matrix form, scored and ranked based on carefully selected outcrop features. Semi-quantitative scoring utilises knowledge of likely processes governing the occurrence of a range of features, some of which might be ignored or down-played to favour a single hypothesis. Furthermore, by integrating expertise from different sub-disciplines (e.g. basin analysis, sedimentology, diagenesis), we also consider the combined evidence of multiple features. This new method results in an interpretation that favours a multi-process origin for the Broken Beds due to evaporite dissolution, overpressure release and tectonic folding, with identified uncertainty, all useful to guide further data collection.     

基于GIS软件平台的航磁弱信息提取研究

本介绍了航磁弱信息提取的内涵,探讨了航磁弱信息提取理论,阐述了选用的数学物理方法原理。基于GIS软件平台,提出了一种有利于弱信息显示的数据可视化方法——“1／4方差”法。在东胜地区完成了弱信息提取方法的有效性试验,结果表明航磁弱异常增强方法可有效地压制干扰噪声,提高信噪比,缩小铀成矿有利靶区。     

城市污水处理厂地下水环境影响评价技术方法

本次以池南区污水处理厂为研究对象,通过分析其水文地质条件,结合建立的水文地质概念模型和地下水流数值模型,运用MODFLOW对池南区污水处理厂地下水水流及水质的影响进行模拟预测,从而针对可能产生的不利影响提出保护措施。     

新疆东天山红山金矿成矿时代研究

红山金矿区位于秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带东段北缘,矿床成因研究表明,红山金矿的形成严格受该韧性剪切带控制,属于与韧性剪切带有关的糜棱岩型、超糜棱岩型矿床。花岗质糜棱岩中角闪石276.3Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄给出了红山金矿床成矿事件的时代上限。金矿石样品中绢云母246.9Ma和246.5Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄记录了金矿床主成矿期的时代。糜棱岩中新生白云母246.5Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄,在误差范围内和金矿石样品中绢云母的Ar-Ar坪年龄完全一致,不仅为红山金矿床的剪切带型成因提供了进一步的佐证,也对金成矿时代给予了进一步的限定。     

Assessing modern arboreal phytolith sensitivity to vegetation variations in temperate forest regions

To assess the reliability of arboreal phytoliths for differentiating vegetation types in temperate forest regions, we systematically analysed arboreal leaf phytoliths from 72 arboreal plants and 49 modern soils from three forest types in northeast China. The arboreal leaf phytolith production and morphotypes were highly variable between species. The arboreal leaf phytolith assemblages could clearly distinguish between broadleaf and coniferous species, but they were much less successful in differentiating broadleaved trees into subtaxa. Coniferous leaf morphotypes were successfully used to differentiate coniferous trees into families and subtaxa, especially in the Pinaceae. Two diagnostic broadleaved and six coniferous phytolith morphotypes were recognized within the modern soil beneath forest ecosystems. These arboreal phytoliths comprised up to 10–15% of the total soil phytoliths, and were dominated by coniferous types. Arboreal phytolith concentrations and phytolith assemblages in the soils fluctuated substantially amongst the three forest types. Soil arboreal phytolith assemblages were successfully used to differentiate samples from Larix mixed forest, broadleaf forest and Pinus koraiensis mixed forest. In addition, the arboreal index quantitatively distinguished the three forest types, with B/BE values <0.4 for Larix mixed forest samples, values from 0.4 to 0.6 for broadleaf forest samples, and values from 0.6 to 0.9 for P. koraiensis mixed forest. Thus, our surface soil arboreal phytolith assemblages and arboreal index are a useful reference for differentiating forest ecotypes, and they also provide reliable analogues for arboreal phytoliths from palaeoecological contexts in temperate forest regions.     

BP神经网络在花岗岩型铀矿预测中的应用

在已知矿床的外围或深部发现更多的成矿有利区是我国南方地区新一轮热液型铀矿勘查工作的重要方向之一。采用BP网络对某花岗岩型铀矿区以航空放射性信息为主的找矿标志进行综合。15个检验样本的预测有利度与期望有利度基本吻合,表明采用该预测模型对研究区内所有样本进行综合预测是合适的。从全区的预测结果可以看出,14处已知铀矿床均位于成矿有利度大于0.9的区域,且在已知铀矿床的外围发现了具有较好成矿远景的多片有利区。     

新疆吐-哈盆地地下水水文地球化学特征及形成作用

新疆吐-哈盆地水资源严重缺乏,地下水是当地主要的水资源,探讨该地区地下水水文地球化学特征对区域地下水资源开发利用与保护具有重要意义。通过运用阴阳离子Piper三线图、氢氧稳定同位素、Gibbs图以及离子相关关系分析的方法,探讨了该地区地下水化学特征及其形成作用。结果表明:吐-哈盆地地下水的补给来源主要以大气降水为主,排泄以蒸发为主;溶滤作用、蒸发浓缩作用对地下水化学组分的形成具有主导作用;沿地下水流动方向水化学类型由Cl·SO_4-Na型逐渐演变为Cl-Na型,水化学组分变化规律具有较好的一致性并且浓缩现象比较明显。     

The application of gas chromatography fingerprint technique to calculating oil production allocation of single layer in the commingled well

1Principle SincetheGCfingerprinttechniquewasfirstused tomonitortheproductionofoilfieldsbyAmericansci entists(KaufmanandAhmed,1990;Kaufmanetal.,1987)inthe1980s,manyresearchershavetentatively appliedthismethodinseveraloilfields(HeWenxiang etal.,1996;2001;WangZhengpingetal.,2000;ChenShijiaetal.,1999)andhaveachievedsatisfac toryresults.Butthereappearsomeobviousdeficien ciesinthecourseofexplorationanddevelopment.Takinganthraceneasinternalstandard,wecalculated theabsoluteconcentrationsoffingerp…     

西藏冈底斯甲马和南木矿床流体包裹体SR-XRF研究

对西藏冈底斯铜多金属成矿带中甲马和南木矿床的流体包裹体开展了系统的同步辐射X射线荧光(SR-XRF)微束原位无损分析,结果显示:甲马矿床流体包裹体中高Cr、Pb,低Ni、Fe,且存在高于地壳丰度的Pt、Ir含量异常;南木矿床流体包裹体中高Cr、Cu、Pb,低Ni、Fe、Zn,晚期有Au富集,Cu倾向于在高盐度流体中富集.甲马和南木两矿床成矿流体中元素的原始地幔标准化模式与两矿区的成矿斑岩大体类似,显示出两矿床与区内斑岩在物质来源上具有亲缘性,幔源和壳源物质共同参与了成矿.但Cr含量的差异也显示出,尽管成矿流体与斑岩岩浆可能都起源于深部,但二者在演化上是平行的.对于甲马矿床的成因,流体包裹体SR-XRF原位组成分析以及显微测温结果不支持喷流沉积成因观点.