Paleoseismology of the 2016 MW 6.1 Petermann earthquake source: Implications for intraplate earthquake behaviour and the geomorphic longevity of bedrock fault scarps in a low strain-rate cratonic region

The 20 May 2016 M_W 6.1 Petermann earthquake in central Australia generated a 21 km surface rupture with 0.1 to 1 m vertical displacements across a low-relief landscape. No paleo-scarps or potentially analogous topographic features are evident in pre-earthquake Worldview-1 and Worldview-2 satellite data. Two excavations across the surface rupture expose near-surface fault geometry and mixed aeolian-sheetwash sediment faulted only in the 2016 earthquake. A 10.6 ± 0.4 ka optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age of sheetwash sediment provides a minimum estimate for the period of quiescence prior to 2016 rupture. Seven cosmogenic beryllium-10 (¹⁰Be) bedrock erosion rates are derived for samples < 5 km distance from the surface rupture on the hanging-wall and foot-wall, and three from samples 19 to 50 km from the surface rupture. No distinction is found between fault proximal rates (1.3 ± 0.1 to 2.6 ± 0.2 m Myr⁻¹) and distal samples (1.4 ± 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.2 m Myr⁻¹). The thickness of rock fragments (2–5 cm) coseismically displaced in the Petermann earthquake perturbs the steady-state bedrock erosion rate by only 1 to 3%, less than the erosion rate uncertainty estimated for each sample (7–12%). Using ¹⁰Be erosion rates and scarp height measurements we estimate approximately 0.5 to 1 Myr of differential erosion is required to return to pre-earthquake topography. By inference any pre-2016 fault-related topography likely required a similar time for removal. We conclude that the Petermann earthquake was the first on this fault in the last ca. 0.5–1 Myr. Extrapolating single nuclide erosion rates across this timescale introduces large uncertainties, and we cannot resolve whether 2016 represents the first ever surface rupture on this fault, or a > 1 Myr interseismic period. Either option reinforces the importance of including distributed earthquake sources in fault displacement and seismic hazard analyses.     

基于Web服务的多源海洋温度场时空过程可视化研究

分析了当前海洋温度场数据在数据和模型共享与应用方面存在的不足,结合Web Service技术,提出在分布式网络环境下将海洋温度数据与应用模型封装为web服务的方式,实现多源海洋温度场数据时空过程可视化应用的方法。并基于该方法构建了"多源海洋温度数据动态集成与远程可视化系统平台"。通过该平台的构建,为用户提供海洋温度数据的透明的Web应用,实现了基于网络对多源海洋温度场数据的集成与交互式时空过程可视化表达。     

澳大利亚北卡那封盆地中上三叠统Mungaroo三角洲陆源有机质分布特征

北卡那封盆地中上三叠统Mungaroo组发育巨型浅水辫状河三角洲——Mungaroo三角洲。利用钻井、岩心资料,并结合区域地质背景,将Mungaroo三角洲划分为近端三角洲平原、远端三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲4个沉积亚相,其中近端三角洲平原与远端三角洲平原亚相分布广泛,三角洲前缘与前三角洲亚相欠发育。陆源有机质分析表明:(1)研究区目的层段沉积时期,在环特提斯洋巨型季风洪水的影响下,泥炭沼泽普遍遭受冲刷改造,有机质类型主要为分散有机质,仅远端三角洲平原发育薄煤层;(2)不同相带受季风洪水的影响差异较大,近端三角洲平原受洪水改造强烈,砂砾岩发育,夹薄层泥岩,泥岩中有机质显微组分主要为惰质组,镜质组大部分遭受氧化;(3)远端三角洲平原的沼泽沉积尽管受到洪水频繁冲刷,但仍发育多套薄煤层,泥岩中陆源有机质最为丰富,显微组分以镜质组为主;(4)三角洲前缘和前三角洲相带窄,沉积物中陆源有机质含量较低。远端三角洲平原烃源岩有机质生烃潜力最大,除发育广泛的薄煤层外,暗色泥岩中平均TOC含量可达4.11％。上述沉积相带与陆源有机质分布规律体现了强季风洪水影响下大型辫状河三角洲的沉积特点。     

Monitoring of urban heat island in Shanghai,China, from 1981 to 2010 with satellite data

This paper investigates the urban heat island (UHI) characteristics of Shanghai, China, during 1981–2010 using Landsat thematic mapper/multispectral scanner and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer satellite data from the perspectives of time and space, with further analysis of the landscape pattern, the urban heat island effect ratio, and formative factors. The results show the following: (1) From the interannual variation, the secondary-medium temperature area and the medium temperature area are the main bodies of Shanghai UHI, accounting for 67.16–83.69 % of the total area, and have a rising trend over time. (2) From the landscape pattern, the secondary-medium temperature area and the medium temperature area have a dominant position over the whole UHI landscape pattern of Shanghai; the relatively high-temperature area gradually decreases, and its dominance over the whole UHI landscape pattern declines. (3) From the spatial distribution, the pattern in which the urban area initially had complete domination has gradually transformed to become primarily urban area centered and other construction land supplemented with rapid urbanization. Rapid increase of the green land in the urban area has to some extent reduced the UHI characteristics of the Shanghai area in recent years.     

碱熔除铁氟化物置换容量法测定铁矿石中的三氧化二铝

试样经氢氧化钠碱熔,过滤分离铁等元素,将滤液酸化、DETA络合、氟化钠置换,再用硫酸铜标准溶液回滴释放出来的EDTA,从而实现对铝的测定,通过本方法对铁矿石标准物质及样品的测定,结果的相对标准偏差在0.93%~2.95%之间,且铁矿石标准物质测定值与认定值相符。     

矿山地质灾害危险性评价

矿山地质灾害危险性评价的影响因素较多,又多具不确定性和模糊性。目前对矿山地质灾害危险性评价主要采用定性的专家打分法,具有一定的主观性。基于以上考虑,在分析矿山地质灾害形成影响因素的基础上,应用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)量化了各评价因素的权重,并将该权重引入模糊综合评价,建立了基于FAHP的模糊综合评价的矿山地质灾害危险性评价数学模型。并应用此方法对陕北某矿区的地质灾害危险性进行了评价,评价结果与实际调查结果比较吻合。     

N451型伽玛能谱测井探管的研制与铀钍伽玛能谱测井技术研究

为准确测定铀钍混合型矿床中矿层的铀、钍含量,研制了 N451型伽玛能谱测井探管,并将该探管配接在 HD 4002B轻型综合测井系统上组成了伽玛能谱测井系统.基于该系统,建立了伽玛能谱测井仪的校正方法、伽玛能谱测井的数据处理方法和野外测井工作方法.N451型伽玛能谱测井探管具有探测效率高、自动稳谱系统抗辐射能力强的特点,在铀矿勘查中连续测定钻孔中矿层的U、Th含量,效果良好.     

三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（TCEP）对大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）免疫相关基因表达的影响

三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, TCEP）是一种新型内分泌干扰物（Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,EDCs),低剂量就会造成很强的生物毒性。通过研究不同质量浓度梯度的TCEP对养殖大菱鲆的胁迫,发现其在24 h 、48 h 、72 h 和96 h的半致死浓度（LC₅₀）分别为190.76 mg/L、159.94 mg/L、140.70 mg/L和110.71 mg/L;安全浓度（SC）为33.60 mg/L。24 h内不同质量浓度梯度的TCEP和不同胁迫时间对养殖大菱鲆的影响表明,高于质量浓度33.60 mg/L的TCEP对大菱鲆具有急性毒性效应。用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析TCEP急性胁迫的养殖大菱鲆体内2种细胞免疫因子-组织相容性复合体alpha（MHC-Ⅱ α）和肿瘤坏死因子alpha（TNF-α）的基因相对表达水平,发现经TCEP胁迫后2种细胞免疫因子的表达量都显著上调;随TCEP的质量浓度升高,特别是达到47.69 mg/L（$ \frac{1}{4} $ LC₅₀）以上时表达量的变化更加明显;而胁迫时间超过12 h,基因表达量会呈现先上升后下降的趋势,说明对大菱鲆免疫系统造成急性损伤。研究结果可为大菱鲆健康养殖提供参考,并为环境污染物检测提供分子标记参考。     

一株虹鳟源枯草芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

为筛选对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)有潜在益生效果的菌株,本研究从健康虹鳟幼鱼肠道中分离到1株潜在益生菌株RT-BS07,采用形态学观察和分子特征分析对该菌株进行了鉴定,并评价了该菌株的抑菌性、耐受性、黏附性和安全性。形态学观察显示,菌株RT-BS07为革兰氏阳性杆菌,有圆形或椭圆形芽孢。16S rRNA比对结果显示,该菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)NCBI3610株的同源性为99.86%。结合16S rRNA基因序列分析和形态学观察结果,确定菌株RT-BS07为枯草芽孢杆菌。菌株RT-BS07具备产蛋白酶和纤维素酶能力,其酶活力分别为(0.039±0.002)和(0.393±0.002)U/mg;该菌株可有效抑制温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)、杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)和鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)等致病菌。菌株RT-BS07在pH为2~10 LB液体培养基中均可存活;在盐度为2%~8%条件下存活率为5.70%~93.28%,其存活率随盐度升高而降低。体外黏附试验结果表明,菌株RT-BS07可大量黏附在虹鳟前肠黏膜,不破坏肠道组织完整性,对左氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和链霉素等18种抗菌药物敏感。本研究分离筛选得到的枯草芽孢杆菌RT-BS07株具有产消化酶性能,其抗逆性能强,对虹鳟无毒害作用,可作为虹鳟健康养殖及益生菌制剂研发源益生菌候选株。     

湘产山银花水提物、醇提物特征图谱对比及其经典名方量值传递研究

目的：建立山银花水提物和醇提物的指纹图谱,对比二者之间的成分及含量差异;建立经典名方五味消毒饮中以山银花入药的特征图谱,并评价其饮片到提取物的量值传递。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB C18、Waters Xselect HSS T3;流动相为乙腈-0.1%/0.2%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长327 nm;柱温25℃、30℃;体积流量1.0 ml/min。采用相似度、相对峰面积等数据及对照指纹图谱对比方式对其结果进行综合分析。结果：山银花水提物共9个共有峰,相似度均<0.9,且差异较大;山银花醇提物共10个共有峰,相似度均>0.89;五味消毒饮特征图谱共13个共有峰,以同法检测山银花单味饮片提取物共7个特征峰。结论：本研究建立了山银花水提物及醇提物成分的指纹图谱,二者有细微差异;以山银花入药的五味消毒饮,所有特征峰均传递至五味消毒饮提取物中,其作为五味消毒饮的君药具有科学依据。