沈阳市不同功能区地表土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征研究

采用高效液相色谱法对沈阳市地表土壤中的多环芳烃（Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs）进行了定量分析,研究了沈阳市地表土壤中PAHs在不同功能区的含量及分布特征。结果表明：从土壤PAHs总量来看,居民区最低,其次是商业区,交通干道、文教区和公园排在商业区之后,工业区的PAHs总量最多;从PAHs的空间差异来看,靠近工业区以及机动车车流量较大的地区PAHs含量较高,靠近文教区和居住区的地区PAHs含量较低;从PAHs种类来看,所有功能区样品中PAHs的组分分布状况较为一致,以四环PAHs含量最多,其次是五环PAHs和三环PAHs;参考美国EPA沉积物PAHs质量标准和治理标准,沈阳市内五区PAHs总量超过质量标准的功能区有工业区、交通干道（4个采样点,占比36.3%）、文教区（3个采样点,占比75%）和公园区（4个采样点,占比40%）,超过治理标准的功能区有工业区,公园区（1个采样点,占比10%）,文教区（1个采样点,25%）。     

Volcanoes and ENSO in millennium simulations: global impacts and regional reconstructions in East Asia

The impacts and cooperative effects of volcanic eruptions and ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) are analyzed in a millennium simulation for 800–2005 AD using the earth system model (ESM) ECHAM5/MPIOM/JSBACH subject to anthropogenic and natural forcings. The simulation comprises two ensembles, a first with weak (E1, five members) and a second with strong (E2, three members) variability total solar irradiance. In the analysis, the 21 most intense eruptions are selected in each ensemble member. Volcanoes with neutral ENSO states during two preceding winters cause a global cooling in the year after eruptions up to ?2.5°C. The nonsignificant positive values in the tropical Pacific Ocean indicate an El Niño-like warming. In the winter after an eruption, warming is mainly found in the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea in E2 warming extends to Siberia and central Asia. The recovery times for the volcano-induced cooling (average for 31 eruptions) vary globally between 1 and 12 years. There is no significant increase of El Niño events after volcanic eruptions in both ensembles. The simulated temperature and the drought indices are compared with corresponding reconstructions in East Asia. Volcanoes cause a dramatic cooling in west China (?2°C) and a drought in East China during the year after the eruption. The reconstructions show similar cooling patterns with smaller magnitudes and confirm the dryness in East China. Without volcanoes, El Niño events reduce summer precipitation in the North, while South China becomes wetter; La Niña events cause opposite effects. El Niño events in the winters after eruptions compensate the cooling caused by volcanoes in most regions of China (consistent with reconstructions), while La Niña events intensify the cooling (up to ?2.5°C). The simulated and reconstructed drought indices show tripole patterns which are altered by El Niño events. The simulated impact of the Tambora eruption in 1815, which caused the “year without summer” of 1816 in Europe and North America and led to coldness and famines in the Chinese province Yunnan, depends crucially on the ENSO state of the coupled model. A comparison with reconstructed El Niño events shows a moderate cool climate with wet (in the south) and extreme dry anomalies (in the north) persisting for several years.     

基于GIS的云南保山小流域土地利用变化研究

随着全球变暖趋势的增强,土地利用变化是全球变化中的重要组成部分。土地利用变化研究尤其是空间变化研究就成为了研究者非常关心的问题。以云南省保山杨柳小流域土地利用变化的实例分析,详细阐述了GIS的空间分析方法及其在土地利用变化研究中的应用。利用转移矩阵研究结果显示:该小流域农地总变化量最大,其次是有林地和荒山,变化最小的是水体和未利用地,有林地和未成林造林地以交换变化为主,水体和居民地净变化为主;从新增的角度来说,农地转化为有林地最具有转换优势,其次是农地转换为荒山;从流失的去向看,牧地转换为农地最具转换优势,其次是农地转换为牧地。     

城市承载力分区方法研究

城市承载力分区以城市系统为分区对象,从资源环境与经济人口协调发展的角度出发,运用生态学和地理学理论,在分析城市承载力空间分异规律的基础上,将区域空间划分为不同类型承载区.城市承载力分区是进行城市规划和建设的基础性工作,是城市在由无序蔓延向有序发展转变时期的特殊需要.本文对城市承载力分区的理论、方法、指标体系等进行了初步...     

Calculation of Ecological Footprint Based on Modified Method and Quantitative Analysis of Its Impact Factors ——A Case Study of Shanghai

1 Introduction The publication of UNDPI (The United Nation Devel- opment and Planning Indices) in May 1990 has brought about an on-going search for the system of “sustainable development”, which is also one of hot topics in China (Wackernagel et al., 1999; Vuuren and Smeets, 2000). Regretfully, the difficulty in quantifying sustainable de- velopment resulted in a slow progress in those researches. In the past a few years, however, ecological footprint (EF) analysis (Rees, 1992; Wackn…     

天文用2K×2K高速CMOS相机的研制与测试结果

高性能CMOS成像器件的技术近年来发展迅速,与长期在天文观测中占统治地位的CCD器件相比,CMOS在读出速度、功耗、空间应用的可靠性等方面具有一定的优势。为了探索CMOS成像器件在天文领域中的应用,我们以Fillfactory公司最新的高速、大面阵CMOS芯片LUPA 4000为基础,研制了一台天文相机并对其进行了测试。本文简要介绍了CMOS成像器件的概述,相机软、硬件系统的组成,以及在实验室条件下得到的读出噪声、增益、线性和增益等若干测试结果。     

不协调决策表的规则提取

对决策表数据的性质、数据之间的关系进行了讨论,并由此对决策表进行了分类.讨论了不协调决策表的数据约简,并证明其不影响属性约简和规则提取.基于数据的协调性,对不协调决策表的属性约简进行了研究,并提出了一种规则提取方法.最后,用实例验证了方法的有效性.     

URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT IN TUMEN RIVER BASIN

１INTRODUCTIONUrbanizationisaprocessthatallowspopulationandindustrytohighlyconcentrate．Itisinevitablethatthiskindofprocesswillhavedeepimpactsoneco－environment．TheTumenRiverisaninternationalwaterbody．ScopeoftheTumenRiverBasin（TRB）canbedefinedas（only