南极产低温脂肪酶菌株Psychrobacter sp.G发酵条件优化研究

从南极第24次科学考察采集的样品中分离出产低温脂肪酶菌株Psychrobacter sp.G,通过PlackettBurman法及响应面法对其产脂肪酶条件进行优化,得出最适条件为:蛋白胨0.75％、酵母粉0.2％、NaCl 2％、MgSO40.1％、(NH4)2SO4 0.1％、K2HPO40.2％、Tween-80 1.5％、培养温度15℃、培养时间72 h、装液量150 mL/500 mL、振荡转速150 r/min.在此条件下发酵的脂肪酶活力为16.5 U/mL.     

《卫生宝鉴》中治疗脾胃病方剂用药规律

目的：基于数据挖掘分析《卫生宝鉴》中治疗脾胃病方剂的用药规律。方法：运用中医传承辅助平台（TCMISS）V2.5,采用频次统计、关联规则和聚类分析等数据挖掘方法,对《卫生宝鉴》中所载脾胃病的用药规律进行分析。结果：共收集处方151首,中药168味。频次≥17次的中药有21味,排前5位的依次是陈皮、白术、炙甘草、木香、干姜;温性中药使用频次最高,其次是寒性、平性中药;辛味药出现最多,其次是苦味、甘味药;排前5位的中药归经依次是脾、胃、肺、大肠、心经;频次≥14次的中药组合24个,对药物组合进行关联规则分析得到中药组合17个;聚类分析得到新方聚类的中药组合5组,对应新方组合5组。结论：通过中医传承辅助平台分析得出,《卫生宝鉴》中所载治疗脾胃病的处方注重甘辛温补、健脾消滞,慎用苦寒药,该研究结果可为临床治疗脾胃病开发新药物提供一定的参考     

Distribution,trends and drivers of precipitation use efficiency in the loess plateau

Against the background of climate change, the global carbon and water cycle has undergone significant changes, and it is of great significance to explore the interrelationships of the carbon and water cycles in different regions to cope with future climate change. In this study, based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and precipitation (PRE) data, the precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of the Loess Plateau (LP) was calculated, and the Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to analyse the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PUE, as well as the first-order difference method was used to derive the relative contributions to quantify the impact of vegetation growth and meteorological factors on PUE. The results show that (1) from 2001 to 2018, the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation PUE exhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. On the time scale, the multi-year average value of PUE was 1.17 gC m⁻² mm⁻¹, showing an overall upward trend. Among the different land cover types, paddy fields had the highest PUE level, and sparse grassland had the lowest; (2) LAI had the highest relative contribution to vegetation PUE, followed by temperature (Temp), net radiation of the ground surface (RN), specific humidity (Shum), and wind speed (WS). LAI contributes positively to 88.9% of the area. RN positively influences high-altitude areas, while Shum had a larger area with a negative contribution. The contribution of Temp increases from northwest to southeast, and WS has balanced positive and negative contributions; (3) LAI is the dominant factor for the spatial and temporal variation of PUE in the LP, and the size of the areas where different meteorological factors dominate the changes of PUE are as follows: WS > Shum>RN > Temp. At high altitudes, the dominant meteorological driver is WS, while at low altitudes, the dominant climate driver is Shum. This study is of guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of the LP, and it can also provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecosystems and the sustainable management of water resources in the context of global climate change.     

气候变暖有益于中国的社会和谐

中国传统农业的产量受气候控制,气候表现为冷暖和干湿交替的循环,因此农业产量也出现循环演变的规律,在冷期中生活资源的短缺所造成的生存压力,加剧了矛盾,促进了战争。而气候变暖可以缓解这些矛盾,因此,气候变暖有益于中国的社会和谐。     

湖北断峰山铌钽矿矿物学特征和铌钽赋存状态

通过全岩化学分析、显微镜下鉴定、扫描电镜分析及矿物自动定量分析(AMICS),查明了断峰山铌钽矿床的矿石物质组成和铌钽赋存状态.矿石Nb2O5品位为0.0112％～0.0117％,Ta2O5品位为0.0033％～0.0084％,主要矿物组成为钠长石、石英、白云母、黑云母及高岭石等,矿石中的铌钽矿物主要有钽锰矿(Ta/Nb=2.94,Fe/Mn=0.45)、钽铌锰矿(Ta/Nb=0.51,Fe/Mn=0.56)和铌锰矿(Ta/Nb=0.11,Fe/Mn=0.82)3种.矿石含Nb2O5量为0.0112％～0.0117％,含Ta2O5量为0.0033％～0.0084％,该矿床为花岗伟晶岩类铌钽矿床.铌在铌锰矿、钽铌锰矿和钽锰矿分布率分别为48.76％、37.26％和13.99％.钽在钽锰矿、钽铌锰矿和铌锰矿的分布率分别为62.65％、28.96％和8.39％.铌钽矿物粒度主要分布于16～75μm之间,矿物单体解离度较低,占24.47％.     

Multiproxy late Holocene peat records from Ireland: towards a regional palaeoclimate curve

Two new peat‐based climate records from Ireland covering the late Holocene are presented. The sequences are dated by a strong chronological framework formed by AMS radiocarbon dates and SCPs. Three proxy indicators (testate amoebae, macrofossils and humification) have been determined allowing the limitations and strengths of each to be identified and utilised to provide a bog surface wetness (BSW) record for both sites. Age–depth models take into account the potential for accumulation rates to vary with bog vegetation. The records from each site have been used to derive a combined BSW record that displays changes to a wetter/cooler climate from ca. AD 30 (1920 BP), ca. AD 310 (1640 BP), ca. AD 805 (1145 BP), ca. AD 1040 (910 BP) and ca. AD 1300 (650 BP). Changes follow closely those identified in a northern Britain composite BSW record and largely correspond with lake‐level data in central France suggesting the main changes in water balance were coherent over a large region. Correspondence with increases in IRD and slower Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) suggests that these changes were related to oceanic forcing influencing the track of dominant westerly air flow over Ireland. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Models of crustal flow in the India–Asia collision zone

Surface velocities in parts of the India–Asia collision zone are compared to velocities calculated from equations describing fluid flow driven by topographically produced pressure gradients. A good agreement is found if the viscosity of the crust is ∼10²⁰ Pa s in southern Tibet and ∼10²² Pa s in the area between the Eastern Syntaxis and the Szechwan Basin. The lower boundary condition of the flow changes between these two areas, with a stress-free lower boundary in the area between the Szechwan basin and the Eastern Syntaxis, and a horizontally rigid but vertically deformable boundary where strong Indian lithospheric material underlies southern Tibet. Deformation maps for olivine, diopside and anorthite show our findings to be consistent with laboratory measurements of the rheology of minerals. Gravitationally driven flow is also suggested to be taking place in the Indo–Burman Ranges, with a viscosity of ∼10¹⁹–10²⁰ Pa s. Flow in both southern Tibet and the Indo–Burman Ranges provides an explanation for the formation of the geometry of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. The majority of the normal faulting earthquakes in the Tibetan Plateau occur in the area of southern Tibet which we model as gravitationally spreading over the Indian shield.     

Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Late Permian coals from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, southwestern China

Mineralogy and geochemistry of the four main workable coal seams (No.6, No.7, No.8, and No.11) of Late Permian age from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, Southwest China, were examined using in- ductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), cold-vapor absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), ion-selective electrode (ISE), scanning electron mi- croscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that the main workable No.8 Coal that accounts for about 60% of the total coal reserves in the Songzao Coalfield was not enriched in hazardous trace elements. The No.11 Coal has high concentrations of alkaline elements, Be (9.14 μg/g), Sc (12.9 μg/g), Ti (9508 μg/g), Mn (397 μg/g), Co (23.7 μg/g), Cu (108 μg/g), Zn (123 μg/g), Ga (32 μg/g), Zr (1304 μg/g), Nb (169 μg/g), Hf (32.7 μg/g), Ta (11.4 μg/g), W (24.8 μg/g), Hg (0.28 μg/g), Pb (28.1 μg/g), Th (24.1 μg/g), and rare earth elements (509.62 μg/g). The concentration of Nb and Ta in the No. 11 Coal is higher than the industrial grade, and their potential utilization should be further studied. Besides pyrite, quartz, calcite, and clay minerals, trace minerals including chalcopyrite, marcasite, siderite, albite, mixed-layer clay minerals of illite and smectite, monazite, apatite, anatase, chlorite, and gypsum were found in the No.11 Coal. It should be noted that alabandite of hydrothermal origin and anatase occurring as cement were identi- fied in coal. In addition, the clayey microbands derived from alkaline volcanic ashes were identified in the coal. The dominant compositions of these clayey microbands were mixed-layer clay minerals of illite and smectite, which were interlayered with organic bands. The modes of occurrence of alkaline volcanic ash bands indicate that the volcanic activities were characterized by the multiple eruptions, short time interval and small scale for each eruption during peat accumulation. The alkaline volcanic ashes were the dominant factors for the enrichment of alkaline elements, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and rare earth elements, and the sulfide minerals are the main carriers of Ga, Cu, and Hg in the No. 11 Coal.     

黑龙江省2006年秋季酸雨成因及影响分析

利用黑龙江省7个酸雨观测站酸雨观测资料(4个站时间序列1991～2006年,3个站时间序列2005～2006年),分析了黑龙江省2006年秋季酸雨发生频率、强度和降水电导率,并讨论了酸雨成因及其影响。黑龙江省2006年秋季酸雨发生频率以龙风山最高,加格达齐和虎林次之,哈尔滨、佳木斯、嫩江和漠河最低;秋季酸雨强度以龙凤山最强,其次是虎林和漠河,哈尔滨、佳木斯、嫩江和加格达齐较低。黑龙江省2006年秋季酸雨发生频率哈尔滨和龙凤山高于历史同期,佳木斯和嫩江低于历史同期。总体上大气环境较好,污染程度略轻。