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201.
GPS新近发展及其军事应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文简述了GPS的最新发展动态,着重分析了GPS在精确制导武器上的应用形式和效果,指出了GPS制导技术存在的局限性及其未来发展趋势。 相似文献
202.
军事地理是谋兵布防的平台。明代被迫在南北两条战线作战:北部沿长城一线防御少数民族南下;东南沿海抗击倭寇入侵。因此,明代格外重视军事地理的研究,研究成果丰硕,著述很多。概述明代军事地理研究成果,不仅是回顾历史,而是借鉴经验。一些著作中提出的御敌方略至今有参考价值。 相似文献
203.
B. Tapley J. Ries S. Bettadpur D. Chambers M. Cheng F. Condi B. Gunter Z. Kang P. Nagel R. Pastor T. Pekker S. Poole F. Wang 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(8):467-478
A new generation of Earth gravity field models called GGM02 are derived using approximately 14 months of data spanning from
April 2002 to December 2003 from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE). Relative to the preceding generation,
GGM01, there have been improvements to the data products, the gravity estimation methods and the background models. Based
on the calibrated covariances, GGM02 (both the GRACE-only model GGM02S and the combination model GGM02C) represents an improvement
greater than a factor of two over the previous GGM01 models. Error estimates indicate a cumulative error less than 1 cm geoid
height to spherical harmonic degree 70, which can be said to have met the GRACE minimum mission goals.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 相似文献
204.
冻土器观测是地面气象观测项目之一.虽经多年使用,但至今仍没有改进.各站在冬季的观测使用中,最普遍出现的故障是内管中的铁链中断,中断后的链子堆积在冰柱上端而无法确定冻土刻度.冰柱稍短时,由于铁链堆积重量大造成冰柱整体下滑,出现记录失真.因此,发现铁链中断时,要及时修复.下面介绍快速修复冻土器的方法及改进措施. 相似文献
205.
206.
通过引人泊松括号,分析了无限维Hamilton的性质,并将其推广到广义Hamilton系统,且从理论和实用角度讨论了这类广义Hamilton系统的辛格式构造问题,从而为辛几何算法在一般的时间发展方程的数值求解提供新的具体途径。 相似文献
207.
This study explains why a number of El Nino properties (period, amplitude, structure, and propagation) have changed in a coherent manner since the late 1970s and why these changes had almost concurred with the Pacific decadal climate shift. Evidence is presented to show that from the pre-shift (1961-1975) to the post-shift (1981-1995) epoch, significant changes in the tropical Pacific are found in the surface winds and temperature, whereas changes in the thermocline are uncertain. Numerical experiments with the Cane and Zebiak model demonstrate that the decadal changes in the surface winds qualitatively reproduce the observed coherent changes in El Nino properties. The fundamental factor that altered the model's El Nino is the decadal changes of the background equatorial winds and associated upwelling. The annual cycle is also necessary for the mean state to modulate El Nino. From the pre- to post-shift epoch, the changes in the background winds and upwelling modify the structure of the coupled mode (eastward displacement of the equatorial westerly anomalies) by reallocating anomalous atmospheric heating and SST gradient along the equator. This structural change amplifies the ENSO cycle and prolongs the oscillation period by enhancing the coupled instability and delaying transitions from a warm to a cold state or vice versa. The changes in the mean currents and upwelling reduce the effect of the zonal temperature advection while enhance that of the vertical advection; thus, the prevailing westward propagation is replaced by eastward propagation or standing oscillation. Our results suggest a critical role of the atmospheric bridge that rapidly conveys the influences of extratropical decadal variations to the tropics, and the possibility that the Pacific climate shift might have affected El Nino properties in the late 1970s by changing the background tropical winds and the associated equatorial upwelling. 相似文献
208.
209.
岷江上游干扰岸坡主要表生地质灾害分布特征及成因浅析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
岷江上游地处我国著名的南北向地震带的中段,因其特定的地质环境导致区内表生地质灾害极为严重。通过对岷江上游(汶川以上)河段的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等表生地质灾害的调查研究,其分布沿岷江两岸具有明显的分段特征与河谷地貌分段基本一致,它们形成发展与特定地形地貌、易崩滑或软弱地层、特殊的构造部位、降雨等密切相关。 相似文献
210.
The use of uniform hazard spectra which have the same probability of exceedance at different frequencies has been proposed for the future version of the National Building Code of Canada. Commonly used combination rules to estimate the peak responses of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) systems are the square root of sum of squares rule and the complete quadratic combination rule. However, the probability that the peak response of a MDOF system exceeds the one estimated by using these rules with the peak modal responses from the uniform hazard spectra cannot be inferred directly. The assessment of the probability of exceedance of the peak response of MDOF systems is presented by considering that the uncertainty in seismic excitation due to all potential earthquakes can be lumped in the power spectral density function of the ground acceleration with uncertain model parameters. This probability is evaluated based on the random vibration of linear systems and the first‐order reliability method. It is found that the under‐ or over‐estimations are less than about 5 or 10% if the modal contributions are not within 10–90% of, or not within 20–80% of, the absolute sum of the effective modal peak responses, respectively. Otherwise, severe under‐ or over‐estimation could result. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献