古亚洲构造域侵入岩时——空演化框架

长期以来,许多著名学者提出众多模型,讨论古亚洲构造域的构造演化和造山(带)结构样式。但是,认识上的分歧很大,特别是关于主洋盆的空间位置和闭合时间。本文主要基于中国侵入岩大地构造编图(1∶250万)和研究这个侧面,参与讨论。1侵入(岩)弧,碰撞和后造山岩石组合,随时间由西向东变新,同时,主构造带走向从近东西向转为近南北向,暗示古亚洲洋的闭合最终转化为太平洋构造域。2位于主洋盆北侧的是宽阔的西伯利亚克拉通南缘的沟——弧——盆系统;位于南侧的西面为南天山被动陆缘,中部为塔里木克拉通北缘的窄的沟——弧——盆系统,东面为华北克拉通北缘的活动陆缘。3主体侵入(岩)弧的内部分散地分布着从Pt3开始的残留弧和残留oφ,被看做是主体弧的基底。4传统上认为的构造相对稳定的"地块",本文基于它们的侵入(岩)组合归为残留弧,认为不是构造上相对稳定的性质,并未采用"地块"的术语,而把它们看作洋陆转换过程中早期残余岛弧处理。5提出主洋盆的识别有三个标志,(a)洋闭合最晚,(b)或为双向俯冲(当两侧均为活动大陆边缘时),或单向俯冲(当一侧为被动陆缘,另一侧为活动陆缘时),(c)长寿命的洋以及洋闭合带常常发育地中海式残余洋发育的陆——陆碰撞早阶段。6该构造域主要发育Pt3——T的侵入(岩)弧和oφ,支持S¨engor等关于大量新生陆壳的推测,亦与大量花岗岩类为εNd(t)"+"值符合。新生陆壳的形成又暗示,长时间的洋俯冲必导致地幔的冷却,以及大量榴辉岩进入地幔,最终导致高密度的地幔下降流形成,必导致洋的闭合与随后的陆——陆碰撞,形成最初的东亚大陆。     

The Palaeoclimate and Microscopic Reservoir Characteristics of Shanxi Formation Shales from Lower Permian in Qinshui Basin

<正>1 Introduction Qinshui Basin is the major coal bearing basin in China.And the main exploration target layer is CarboniferousPermian.In recent years,not only in the coal-bed methane has made great progress,and also in the tight gas.Besides,shale gas in the Carboniferous-Permian has showed a good exploration prospect.Although Carboniferous-     

河西干旱区短时强降水过程的中尺度分析

运用中尺度天气分析技术,对河西西部干旱区3次短时强降水过程从高空、地面的影响系统、水汽条件、抬升条件、不稳定条件、高低层风场配置等方面进行了对比分析,找出了3次过程的相似点与不同之处,结果表明:500 hPa新疆有低压槽东移,低槽前部甘肃河东到张掖为高压脊或者歪脖子高压,青海高原有低涡或者切变线,相应的低层也为低槽、切变线或者低涡,地面有冷锋、辐合线配合的环流形势是河西西部短时强降水产生的关键,高空急流(200 hPa)或者高空显著流线入口区右侧、地面露点温度Td>10℃的高湿区、低层绝对湿度比湿>6 g/kg,中层500 hPa处在显著湿区、700 hPa假相当位温高能舌、K指数>30℃,CAPE值也明显增大为产生短时强降水提供了有利条件,最后建立了河西西部干旱区短时强降水中尺度天气分析概念模型。     

The influence of freezing drizzle on wire icing during freezing fog events

Both direct and indirect effects of freezing drizzle on ice accretion were analyzed for ten freezing drizzle events during a comprehensive ice thickness, fog, and precipitation observation campaign carried out during the winter of 2008 and 2009 at Enshi Radar Station (3017'N, 10916'E), Hubei Province, China. The growth rate of ice thickness was 0.85 mm h－1 during the freezing drizzle period, while the rate was only 0.4 mm h－1 without sleet and freezing drizzle. The rain intensity, liquid water content (LWC), and diameter of freezing drizzle stayed at low values. The development of microphysical properties of fog was suppressed in the freezing drizzle period. A threshold diameter (Dc) was proposed to estimate the inuence of freezing drizzle on different size ranges of fog droplets. Fog droplets with a diameter less thanDc would be affected slightly by freezing drizzle, while larger fog droplets would be affected signicantly. Dc had a correlation with the average rain intensity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78. The relationships among the microphysical properties of fog droplets were all positive when the effect of freezing drizzle was weak, while they became poor positive correlations, or even negative correlations during freezing drizzle period. The direct contribution of freezing drizzle to ice thickness was about 14.5%. Considering both the direct and indirect effects, we suggest that freezing drizzle could act as a catalyst causing serious icing conditions.     

利用选权拟合法进行GPS水汽层析解算

附加约束条件的层析解算方法是克服GPS水汽层析观测方程不适定性的主要方法,为了避免该方法中水平约束方程权阵的选取不当对水汽层析结果产生的不良影响,将选权拟合法应用到对流层水汽参数反演中。首先利用水汽参数在空间的分布规律构建参数权矩阵,并利用L曲线法确定正则化参数,然后利用模拟实验对该方法在水汽层析解算中的应用进行了验证。结果表明,该方法可以有效地克服观测方程的不适定性,反演得到符合客观实际的结果。     

近半个世纪来气候变暖背景下黄河流域潜在蒸散量的变化(英文)

According to the meteorological observation data of 72 stations from 1960 to 2010 in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Watershed, China, the long-term variations of potential evapotranspiration, calculated in the modified Penman-Monteith model of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, were presented, as well as the meteorological causes for the decrease of potential evapotranspiration were discussed. Since 1960, temperature has risen significantly and potential evapotranspiration a decreasing trend, which indicated the existence of "Evaporation paradox" in the Huanghe River Watershed. This phenomenon was not consistent spatially or temporally with the increase of temperature, potential evapotranspiration decreased in spring, summer and winter, mainly over most parts of Shanxi and Henan, and some parts of Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi. During the recent half century, the trends of temperature and potential evapotranspiration were negatively correlated at most of the stations, while precipitation and potential evapotranspiration exhibited a contrary trend. Calculated in multiple regressions, the contribution to potential evapotranspiration change of related meteorological factors was discussed, including mean pressure, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity and average wind speed. The decrease of wind speed in the Huanghe River Watershed may be the dominating factor causing potential evapotranspiration decreasing.     

小洋山岛大气气溶胶光学厚度的特征分析

小洋山岛位于上海东南面距海岸线约30km处,四面环海,研究其上空的大气气溶胶光学特性对了解我国东部沿海地区及其近海海域的环境和气候影响等都具有重要的意义。对于近岸海岛的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)观测,至今国内尚未见这方面的实测资料与分析。本次实验利用2006～2007年连续观测得到的AOD值,分析了AOD的季节变化及其与地面风向、湿度和能见度等气象要素的关系,并给出了气溶胶消光谱。分析发现:小洋山地区AOD具有春季最大,冬季次之,秋季较小的特点,而且在低能见度情况下,气溶胶以大粒子为主;盛行西风时,AOD值增大且大粒子比重增加;AOD与湿度有较好的正相关关系。     

利用常熟地震台同场地形变仪记录检测对比地球自由振荡信号

利用常熟地震台同场地观测的洞体应变仪、体应变仪、水管倾斜仪、垂直摆倾斜仪记录数据,采用小波变换与功率谱密度估计方法,检测2011年3月11日日本9.0级大地震激发的地球自由振荡信号,其中检测到47个球型基频振型（₀S₃—₀S₄₉）、15个环型基频振型（₀T₅—0T₂₅）以及部分球型谐频振型,与地球初步参考模型（PREM）理论频率值基本符合,表明检测结果较好。对比结果显示：水管倾斜仪检测球型振荡振型能力最强,垂直摆倾斜仪检测环型振荡振型能力最强;体应变仪可检测到清晰的环型基频振型,且信噪比较高;倾斜仪对自由振荡信号的检测能力优于应变仪。     

膨胀土干缩变形特性试验研究

膨胀土是一种典型的问题性土,对气候变化非常敏感,在干旱气候条件下,极易发生体积收缩变形,引发各种工 程地质问题。为了研究膨胀土的干缩变形特性,开展了一系列室内干燥试验,测定了膨胀土的收缩特征曲线,重点分析 了初始含水率和干密度对干缩变形过程的影响,并进一步探讨了水泥固化抑制膨胀土干缩变形的效果和机理。结果表 明：（1） 膨胀土的干缩变形过程存在三个典型阶段：正常收缩、残余收缩和零收缩;（2） 初始含水率越高,试样蒸发速 率越快,且干缩变形完全后试样孔隙比越小而最终收缩应变越大,干缩变形越明显;（3） 初始干密度越大,试样蒸发速 率和最终体积收缩应变越小,提高初始干密度对试样干缩变形具有一定的抑制作用;（4） 在膨胀土中掺入适量的水泥能 显著降低试样的体积收缩应变,对干缩变形具有良好的抑制效果;（5） 膨胀土的干缩变形具有明显的各向异性特征,并 且与初始状态有关。     

滇东南老君山地区片麻状花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义

本文对滇东南老君山地区南捞片麻状花岗岩进行岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素等方面的研究,以探讨其岩石成因和构造意义。研究结果表明岩体地球化学上具有高硅,富碱和高铝特点;稀土配方模式呈现轻稀土富集略右倾斜型,轻稀土分馏明显,存在明显Eu负异常;相对亏损Rb、Ba、Pb、Sr、Ti、Eu、Yb等元素,相对富集Th、K、Pr、Nd、Sm、Hf和Tb等元素。样品LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为431.8±4.1Ma。锆石Hf同位素研究结果表明,εHf(t)=0.8^-11.70,其两阶段模式年龄(T2DM)主要为1395~1544Ma。上述地球化学及年代学研究结果表明南捞片麻状花岗岩主要来自中元古代下地壳物质部分熔融,为有幔源物质的参与形成的I型花岗岩。结合华南加里东期成岩构造环境,判断滇东南老君山早期南捞岩体形成于后造山伸展环境。