一种倾斜影像外方位元素计算方法

提出一种利用相机POS数据和少量影像数据标定倾斜相机间位置关系并计算倾斜影像粗略外方位元素的方法。首先对选取的垂直和倾斜影像进行影像匹配,获得精确同名点坐标;然后垂直影像同名点对前方交会获得地面点坐标,接着倾斜影像后方交会获得其外方位元素;最后利用倾斜和垂直影像的外方位元素标定子相机间的相对关系,并根据相对关系求出所有倾斜影像的外方位元素。采用AMC580倾斜影像数据进行试验,结果表明:提出方法可求得所有倾斜影像的粗略外方位元素,并验证了外方位元素的直接对地定位精度,证明了该方法的可行性。     

火星表面亮温的时空变化特征分析

利用3个火星轨道器获取的热红外波段探测数据,分析了火星表面亮温在时间维上的年际和季节性变化规律,以及空间维上随地形和纬度的变化特征。研究结果表明:(1)5个火星年的表面亮温年际变化幅度均未超出轨道器热红外波段探测数据的精度范围。(2)火星南半球表面亮温的季节性变化幅度大,远日点时期表面亮温随季节的变化基本符合正弦规律且年际差异小,而近日点则有多处明显偏离正弦规律且年际差异较大;北半球表面亮温的季节性变化幅度远小于南半球,且季节特征不明显,受全球性尘暴影响而引起的夜间升温要大于夏季太阳辐射能增加引起的升温。(3)在同一时段,盆地、峡谷等低海拔地形的表面亮温较高,而山峰、高原、台地等高海拔地形的表面亮温一般较低;Olympus Mons地区的表面亮温与高程之间存在相关系数为–0.9072的负相关关系,线性拟合的结果表明该区域海拔每上升1 km,表面亮温下降约1.4 K。(4)表面亮温随纬度的变化总体上满足低纬度高于高纬度的规律,但受到地形等因素的影响,表面亮温最大值出现在偏离赤道的35°S位置,而赤道附近纬度的表面亮温最小值要小于临近稍高纬度位置的最小值;从赤道到两极同纬度表面亮温的差异逐渐减小。     

Natural gas leakage of Mizhi gas reservoir in Ordos Basin,recorded by natural gas fluid inclusion

Abundant natural gas inclusions were found in calcite veins filled in fractures of Central Fault Belt across the centre of Ordos Basin. Time of the calcite veins and characteristics of natural gas fluid inclusion were investigated by means of dating of thermolum luminescence (TL) and analyzing stable isotope of fluid inclusion. Results show that natural gas inclusion formed at 130–140°C with salinity of 5.5 wt%–6.0 wt% NaCl. It indicates that natural gas inclusion is a kind of thermal hydrocarbon fluid formed within the basin. Method of opening inclusion by heating was used to analyze composition of fluid inclusion online, of which the maximal hydrocarbon gas content of fluid inclusion contained in veins is 2.4219 m³/t rock and the maximal C₁/ΣC _i ratio is 91%. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) was used to analyze chemistry of individual fluid inclusion in which the maximal hydrocarbon gas content is 91.6% compared with little inorganic composition. Isotope analysis results of calcite veins show that they were deposited in fresh water, in which the δ ¹³C_PDB of calcite veins is from −5.75‰ to 15.23‰ and δ ¹⁸O_SMOW of calcite veins is from 21.33‰ to 21.67‰. Isotope results show that δ ¹³C_{1 PDB} of natural gas fluid inclusion is from −21.36‰ to −29.06‰ and δD_SMOW of that is from −70.89‰ to −111.03‰. It indicates that the gas of fluid inclusion formed from coal source rocks and it is the same as that of natural gas of Mizhi gas reservoir. Results of TL dating show that time of calcite vein is (32.4±3.42)×10⁴ a, which is thought to be formation time of gas inclusion. It indicated that natural gas inclusion contained in calcite veins recorded natural gas leakage from Mizhi gas reservoir through the Central Fault Belt due to Himalayan tectonic movement.

     

从石峁遗址出土植物遗存看夏时代早期榆林地区先民的生存策略选择

石峁遗址是新石器时代晚期至夏时代早期榆林地区农牧交错带中的超大型中心聚落,产生于聚落林立、社会等级分化明显的社会复杂化进程中。文章通过鉴定与分析石峁遗址核心区皇城台地点东护墙北段上部、门址及大台基等区域浮选所获样品,结合已公布的外城东门、后阳湾等地点的植物遗存鉴定数据,对石峁遗址夏时代早期样品中出土的植物遗存进行综合研究。通过2012~2019年的浮选工作,共获得了187份夏时代早期样品,出土炭化植物遗存共计17816粒,其中农作物遗存8905粒,包括粟、黍、水稻及大豆;非农作物遗存包括非农作物种子和植物果核等共计61种植物,总数为8911粒,分属于禾本科、藜科、豆科、蔷薇科、菊科、蓼科等。结果显示,石峁先民夏时代早期的生业模式以农牧业并重为主、采集狩猎为补充。其中,农业结构以粟黍种植为主,还首次发现了少量水稻、大豆等可能为上层先民与周边地区交流获得的稀有食物;畜牧业中,主要利用胡枝子、草木犀、委陵菜属、冷蒿等饲草喂养黄牛、羊等主要家畜;同时,还存在采集果实等行为。石峁先民生业模式的选择是其人群受所处的农牧交错带环境影响产生的结果,"舍不得农业,离不开牧业"即是石峁先民及地区其他同时期人群的真实写照。多样化的生存策略、周边聚落的粮食输入及与其他区域中心的文化交流,保障和巩固了社会复杂化进程中石峁遗址的核心地位,并推动了地区早期国家的产生与发展。     

基于能值的山东省海洋生态足迹研究

能值-生态足迹模型是基于能值理论基础,结合生态足迹模型,运用区域能值密度将各项消费项目转换为可以直接相加的生物生产性面积,并以此来反映区域发展对区域环境资源的利用程度,衡量和评价区域海洋经济的可持续发展状况。将能值-生态足迹模型应用到区域海洋生态系统中,对海洋能值-生态足迹概念进行了界定,构建了海洋能值-生态足迹模型,并以山东省海洋生态系统为例进行了实证研究。结果表明,2010年山东省海洋生态系统总能值-生态足迹为1.74×106hm2,海洋生态系统总能值-生态承载力为1.60×107hm2,处于生态盈余状态,反映出山东海洋经济具有较强的可持续性。     

试样厚度对室内测定黄土湿陷性指标的影响

湿陷性是黄土的特殊工程性质,为研究试样厚度对室内测定黄土湿陷性指标的影响,对西安某地深1~20 m内不同深度采取的黄土,利用常规高压固结仪及改造的固结仪,进行了厚度分别为2 cm与8 cm试样的湿陷试验。对比分析各深度土层2 cm试样和8 cm试样的室内湿陷试验的结果,表明：土层湿陷性较弱或压力较小时,不同厚度试样所得的湿陷系数相差不大;土层湿陷性较强时,随着压力的增大,两者的差异越来越大,同一压力下8 cm试样所得的湿陷系数大于2 cm试样所得的值。黄土的湿陷性越强,试样厚度对试验所得湿陷性指标（湿陷系数、自重湿陷系数、湿陷起始压力）的影响越大,此结论为室内湿陷试验适当调整试样厚度提供了依据。     

甘肃省迭部县加勒克金矿地质特征及成因探讨

加勒克金矿呈脉状、不规则囊状或漏斗状产于西秦岭造山带古道岭组灰岩中,矿化受到NWW向和近EW向断裂严格控制,矿石矿物以赤铁矿、自然金和黄铁矿为主,蚀变以硅化、绢云母化和褐（赤）铁矿化为特征。矿石主要为碎裂岩型、硅化碎裂斑岩型、碎裂灰岩型。成矿作用方式主要为热液渗滤交代、构造裂隙等有限空间的充填沉淀作用,构成比较完整的热液交代-充填-沉淀成矿体系经历了原生热液成矿期和表生氧化-次生富集期。成矿环境为近地表,成矿时代为印支晚期,成矿物质来源与印支期陆内造山阶段酸性岩浆活动密切有关,金矿化和岩浆岩可能是统一的受深部构造制约的印支期构造-岩浆-热液活动体系的系列演化产物。     

Neoproterozoic Tectonic Setting of Southeast China: New Constraints from SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Ages and Petrographic Studies on the Mamianshan Group

<正>Precambrian tectonic history of Zhejiang,Fujian,and Jiangxi provinces of south China is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of South China but its magmatic activity, petrogenesis,stratigraphic sequence of the Mamianshan Group is still strongly controversial.Here we present new sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe(SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon geochronological data for the Mamianshan Group and petrographical data to constrain the tectonic framework of the regions.Our results showed that the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of green schists of the Dongyan Formation is 796.5±9.3 Ma,the Daling Formation is 756.2±7.2 Ma,and mica-quartz schist of the Longbeixi Formation is 825.5±9.8 Ma.These data indicate that the Mamianshan Group was formed not in the Mesoproterozoic,but in the Neoproterozoic and its stratigraphic sequences should be composed of Longbeixi,Dongyan,and Daling Formations from the bottom to the top.Rocks from this Group, from Zhejiang,Fujian and Jiangxi provinces,constituted the upper basement of the Cathaysia Block that overlay the lower basement of the Mayuan Group.Detailed petrographic studies demonstrate that the amphibole schists of the Dongyan Formation in the Mamianshan Group were formed within an intra-arc rift setting rather than a continental rift as previously suggested.Rather,this island-arc type formation was developed by collision and/or subduction between various blocks resulting from the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia at c.850-750 Ma.The Zhuzhou conglomerate,distributed near Dikou Town,Jian'ou City,Fujian Province and previously considered as evidence of the Mesoproterozoic Dikou movement,is shown here not to be the basal conglomerate above the angular unconformity between the upper and lower basements.Our conclusions have important implications for understanding the Precambrian tectonics of South China.     

CQG2000模型在青藏高原地区的精度检验及其对区域重力调查工作的意义

区域重力调查中,测点正常高的精度直接影响重力测量成果的精度。利用CQG2000似大地水准面模型对GPS测得的大地高程进行改算,可得到较高精度的正常高成果。然而,CQG2000似大地水准面模型在不同地区的精度和分辨率是不同的,在青藏高原地区精度相对差些。通过对CQG2000似大地水准面模型在青藏高原地区精度的实地检验,证实其在该地区的精度可以满足1:20万区域重力调查工作中求取测点正常高的精度需要。通过上述实验,总结出用CQG2000模型提高区域重力调查中GPS高程测量精度的方法,对区域重力调查工作有重要意义。     

渭河断陷盆地及邻近地区的Q值速度场分布特征与地震活动性

利用西安数字遥测地震台网记录的数字地震资料．采用P↑-波初动半周期方法．得到了渭河断陷盆地及邻近地区的Q值分布。结果表明，Q值分布与20km深度P↑-波速度分布有较好的一致性．并与该区域的地震活动性密切相关。