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701.
702.
Wayne D. Erskine 《The Australian geographer》2011,42(3):289-307
Historical planform changes in a 14.7 km reach of the lower Pages River were determined to assess whether they were autogenic (inherent in the river regime) or allogenic (driven by external changes) in nature so as to better focus river management activities and river restoration works. A pattern metamorphosis or complete change in river morphology occurred during the February 1955 flood. The peak discharge of this event exceeded the slope and grain size (intrinsic) threshold for braiding, converting the narrow, slightly sinuous stream to a wide, braided-like river. Five subsequent intrinsic threshold-exceeding floods did not cause further bar development because an over-widened channel already existed. Autogenic channel planform changes included sinuosity variations due to lateral migration and pattern metamorphosis due to the exceedance of a discharge–slope–grain size geomorphic threshold. Allogenic channel planform changes included: (1) realignment/channel straightening and artificial cutoffs by river training works; (2) lateral migration by increased bank erodibility due to riparian vegetation clearing; (3) lateral migration by the operation of a transitive geomorphic threshold involving the onset of a flood-dominated regime after 1946 and increased catchment runoff after 1830 due to large-scale clearing of catchment vegetation; and (4) the occurrence of a large flood in February 1955. Multiple forcing factors have clearly caused historical channel planform changes of the lower Pages River, making the design of river management and restoration works a complex matter outside the scope of simple formulaic protocols. 相似文献
703.
Climate change in the Mojave Desert (USA) may result in a greater intensity of summer (monsoon) rain events and greater atmospheric N deposition. Patches of the dominant biological crust moss Syntrichia caninervis were exposed to field treatments of low and high nitrogen supplementation, added summer rain, and combinations thereof, for a period of five years. In the lab, shoots were subjected to a moderate (single rapid-dry treatment) and a severe (double rapid-dry treatment) desiccation stress. Shoots were then hydrated and allowed to regenerate for 6 weeks on sterile sand. Shoots exhibited lower aboveground biomass from the +monsoon treatment, indicating carbon balance deficits under conditions of recurring summer rainfall. The low N treatment and the severe desiccation stress promoted shoot burning (chlorosis) and negatively affected regeneration responses. High N treatment, however, only adversely affected the resumption of apical meristematic growth. Summer irrigation and N application interacted to mitigate the effects of later protonemal emergence time, lower protonemal cover, and lower shoot numbers. Increased monsoonal frequency and higher N deposition as forecast for the northern Mojave Desert may result in declines in shoot biomass and reduced regenerational vigor in S. caninervis. 相似文献
704.
G. Wilson D. Damaske H.-D. Möller K. Tinto T. Jordan 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(1):93-100
Magnetic anomaly data are presented from a new helicopter-borne high-resolution aeromagnetic survey in southern McMurdo Sound. Anomaly data have been acquired at a common 305 m elevation above the McMurdo and southern McMurdo ice shelves and draped over the volcanic islands that pin them. The resulting anomaly patterns provide a significant advance in the understanding of the rift related geology beneath the floating ice shelves. More extensive Erebus Volcanic Province (McMurdo Volcanic Group) rocks are indicated along with a significant blanket of glaci-volcaniclastic sediment on the seafloor between the volcanic islands in southern McMurdo Sound. These glaci-volcaniclastic sediments are inferred to originate from former grounding of the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf as a marine ice sheet. A strong N–S fabric is also observed in the anomaly data suggesting that the rift structure observed in the Victoria Land basin persists to the south beneath the McMurdo and southern McMurdo ice shelves. W–N–W transfer faults identified within the Transantarctic Mountain rift flank to the west are not obvious in the aeromagnetic data set, implying that the 'Discovery Accommodation Zone' may be restricted to the region between a southward extension of the range bounding fault that marks the limit of the Victoria Land Basin and the right lateral offset in the Transantarctic Mountain front in southern Victoria Land. 相似文献
705.
706.
Brent B. Wolfe Matthew D. Falcone Ken P. Clogg-Wright Cherie L. Mongeon Yi Yi Bronwyn E. Brock Natalie A. St. Amour William A. Mark Thomas W. D. Edwards 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,37(2):221-231
Recent advances in sample preparation techniques and mass spectrometry have fostered more routine oxygen isotope analysis
of aquatic cellulose in lake sediment cores, a proxy for lake water oxygen isotope history. These methodological developments
have significantly increased the feasibility of incorporating this approach into high-resolution, multi-site, and multi-proxy
studies, which are frequently necessary to answer complex hydrological, hydroecological and hydroclimatic questions requiring
a paleoenvironmental perspective. Direct translation of lake sediment aquatic cellulose oxygen isotope composition into lake
water oxygen isotope composition offers appreciable opportunity for quantitative paleohydrological reconstructions, as evidenced
by studies conducted over the past 15 years that span Holocene and pre-historical timescales. 相似文献
707.
708.
In Europe the Chalk constitutes a major source of potable water supply. Its outcrop forms extensive tracts of agricultural
land, where the groundwater resources largely originate as infiltrating excess rainfall. Research on the unsaturated zone
of the aquifer beneath such cultivated land should allow an assessment of nutrient leaching losses from the associated highly
permeable soils and the prediction of future groundwater quality trends. Pore-water profiles for nitrate and numerous other
constituents from a site of exceptionally detailed study are presented and compared to results from sites elsewhere in eastern
England to demonstrate the impact of modern arable agriculture. Environmental isotopes have also been investigated in depth
to aid the study. The problems in evaluating the evolution of the unsaturated zone profiles are discussed.
Presented at the International Symposium, International Association of Hydrogeologists, “Impact of Agricultural Activities
on Ground Water Quality and Quantity,” Prague, Czechoslovakia, September, 1982. 相似文献
709.
It is shown that the annealing kinetics of fission tracks in apatite can be described by a sum of exponential decay functions. From an analysis of the temperature dependence of this annealing law it is concluded that the etchability of fission tracks is due to extended defects, i.e. systems of dislocation loops. The multiexponential annealing law is also applied to prove that the plateau correction method is basically correct, but rather as a method for determining a lower limit than the “true” fission track age. 相似文献
710.
Coal pebbles found in 1994 in the Greham Bell Island (Franz Josef Land Archipelago) are made up of the Barzas-type cuticular liptobiolith. The coal belongs to the initial stage of catagenesis and is characterized by high content of cutinite (up to 70%) with very low reflectance (Ro= 0.1%). Maceration products show some tegillate elements of Arthropodaand individual Devonian spores. It is supposed that plant cuticle and Arthropoda exocuticle are present in this coal. The obtained data suggest the presence of Paleozoic rocks in the sedimentary sequence, although they are not yet recovered. These data complement the available information on the distribution of specific Devonian coals and allow us to have a new insight into the zoogenic material involved in the coal formation. 相似文献