Croundwater Evolution and its Influence on the Fragile Ecology …

塔里木盆地南缘第四系松散沉积物以第三系弱透水层为隔水底板构成良好的储水场所含水层厚２００～９００ｍ,主要由冲洪积卵砾石、砂砾石和细砂组成。地下水位埋深由山前倾斜平原的５０～１００ｍ逐渐过渡为细土平原的１～３ｍ,矿化度相应地由１～３ｇ．Ｌ＾－１变化到３～５ｇ．Ｌ＾－１。大部分地下水由地表径流和渠系、田间灌溉水入渗转化而成,约占地下水补给总量的９４％以上。人类历史时期,气候地下水演变中依旧起着主导作用     

高放废物处置北山预选区地表岩体结构与岩体质量相关性及其应用研究

岩体工程质量是影响高放废物地质处置（HLW）工程长期稳定性和安全性的关键因素,也是处置库场址比选的重要依据。在地表岩体节理调查统计的基础上,采用RMR(relative metabolic rate)分级方案,探讨北山高放废物处置预选区内以花岗岩为主体围岩的岩体质量与岩体结构的对应特征,建立结构面间距D与RMR岩体质量总评分值之间的定量关系,对北山预选区芨芨槽地表岩体质量分布进行研究。研究结果表明,RMR与D值的点群分布具有扇形发散的正相关特征,随D值的增大,RMR亦呈增长趋势,但低级序岩体结构与岩体质量比高级序岩体表现出更好的对应关系。研究认为,选用RMR与D的点群中心线对应的线性方程评价花岗岩候选区的岩体质量可达到快速评价岩体质量、查明各级岩体空间分布特征的目的,同时也便于对不同候选场区进行大范围岩体质量对比。分析结果显示,北山芨芨槽预选地段BS16钻孔周边3 km2范围内主要以Ⅰ、Ⅱ级岩体为主,岩体质量总体较好且分布相对较为均匀。     

用积分法求取岩石孔隙结构特征值

针对图解法求取孔隙结构特征值使用条件严格,同时误差较大,而矩法饱和度范围又受限于试验。采用积分法求取特征值,即对孔隙半径进行积分求取特征值。积分法必须先获取孔隙半径数学表达式,即毛管压力数学模型。对毛管压力数学模型进行了探究,在双对数坐标系下推导并建立了毛管压力幂函数模型,采用最小二乘法求取模型参数,并通过对比Sami论文数据验证了推导的模型。深入分析矩法与积分法的联系可知,代入孔隙半径数学表达式即可用积分法求取岩石孔隙结构特征值。最后,对3种方法求取结果进行分析讨论,得出积分法算法严谨,更加接近真实值。这一研究加深了对岩石微观孔隙结构认识。     

新型地磁观测墩材料与结构的改进

海安地震台在地磁观测项目迁建过程中,对地磁观测墩体材料,尝试采用钢化玻璃替代弱磁性石材,取得良好效果,相关工作对今后地磁台站建设改造有一定借鉴作用。     

以新疆于田2次M_S7.3地震为例探讨安居富民工程的减灾作用

2004年,新疆地区开展了安居工程。自开始实施以来主要分为2004~2010年的抗震安居工程和2010年至今的安居富民工程两个阶段。至今,已经整整10年。在这10年里,安居工程在抗震中起到了重要的作用。通过分析于田地区近10年地震活动背景,重点对比2008年和2014年2次于田MS7.3地震中安居工程破坏的相关参数,最终通过参数对比认为安居富民工程的建设不但降低了房屋的破坏程度,减少了经济损失和人员伤亡,而且救灾的安置成本和政府抢险救灾的投入相对减少。同时,由于安居房在地震中表现出好的抗震性能的客观鲜明的示范作用,增强了农民群众的防震减灾意识,具有重要的社会意义。     

高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区地下水的形成

在高放废物处置库场地选择和性能评价中,水文地质特征是最重要的因素之一,地下水的形成则是水文地质研究中的首要问题。在水文地质、地下水化学、同位素、CFC、地下水动态等资料综合分析的基础上,探讨了高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区地下水的形成问题。研究结果表明,北山地区地下水以赋存于变质岩、岩浆岩、碎屑岩、碳酸岩节理、裂隙中的基岩裂隙潜水为主,地下水化学成分具有明显的水平分带性特征,地下水动态类型主要为入渗—蒸发—径流型,结合地下水同位素和CFC 特征,认为区内地下水主要由当地大气降水入渗补给形成。浅部地下水主要由现代区内降水补给形成,而深部地下水则可能由地质历史时期降水补给形成。     

Climate effects of the GlobeLand30 land cover dataset on the Beijing Climate Center climate model simulations

Land cover is one of the most basic input elements of land surface and climate models. Currently, the direct and indirect effects of land cover data on climate and climate change are receiving increasing attentions. In this study, a high resolution (30 m) global land cover dataset (GlobeLand30) produced by Chinese scientists was, for the first time, used in the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC_CSM) to assess the influences of land cover dataset on land surface and climate simulations. A two-step strategy was designed to use the GlobeLand30 data in the model. First, the GlobeLand30 data were merged with other satellite remote sensing and climate datasets to regenerate plant functional type (PFT) data fitted for the BCC_CSM. Second, the up-scaling based on an area-weighted approach was used to aggregate the fine-resolution GlobeLand30 land cover type and area percentage with the coarser model grid resolutions globally. The GlobeLand30-based and the BCC_CSM-based land cover data had generally consistent spatial distribution features, but there were some differences between them. The simulation results of the different land cover type dataset change experiments showed that effects of the new PFT data were larger than those of the new glaciers and water bodies (lakes and wetlands). The maximum value was attained when dataset of all land cover types were changed. The positive bias of precipitation in the mid-high latitude of the northern hemisphere and the negative bias in the Amazon, as well as the negative bias of air temperature in part of the southern hemisphere, were reduced when the GlobeLand30-based data were used in the BCC_CSM atmosphere model. The results suggest that the GlobeLand30 data are suitable for use in the BCC_CSM component models and can improve the performance of the land and atmosphere simulations.     

Hydrograph separation of the Dzhankuat River,North Caucasus,with the use of isotope methods

The formation of snowmelt runoff from the Dzhankuat glacier has been considered and the hydrograph of the Dzhankuat R. has been separated with the use of isotope and ionic balance. Isotope variations of runoff at the outlet section of the Dzhankuat R. have been studied for two ablation seasons of 2013 and 2014. The separation of 2014 hydrograph was based on δ¹⁸O and mineralization values obtained for various sources of Dzhankuat R. recharge: precipitation, snow of different seasons, firn, ice, and groundwater. The isotopic separation of the hydrograph has shown that, in June, a considerable portion (15–20%) of Dzhankuat R. total runoff is due to the melting snow cover that has formed during spring snowfalls. In June, the proportion of this component in the total daily runoff can reach 36%. The contribution of the runoff originating from winter-snow melting varies from 20% in the early to 50% in the late June. In August and September, the share of groundwater varies from 30 to 100%; the share of precipitation, from 0 to 30% (on the average for the period, 6%); and the share of water from melting firn and ice, from 0 to 70% (on the average, 38.6%).     

2015年7月3日新疆皮山MS6.5地震烈度与地震地质灾害特点

2015年7月3日新疆和田地区皮山县发生的M_S6.5地震极震区烈度达到Ⅷ度,砂土液化、地裂缝和崩塌等地质灾害发育。极震区内砂土液化发生范围广泛,地表发生喷砂冒水和边坡的侧向移动,对道路、水利等设施造成了严重的破坏;地裂缝断错多处路面,宽度最大达30 cm,裂缝多呈NWW走向;崩塌主要发生在高阶地边坡地带,人烟稀少,未造成人员、财产损失。本次地震地质灾害是新疆近十年来M_S6以上较为严重的一次。