Influence of food quality on egg production and viability of the marine planktonic copepod Acartia omorii

Egg production, egg viability and fecal pellet production were determined for individual Acartia omorii, which were fed diets of two species of diatoms (Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and three species of dinoflagellates (Scrippsiella trochoidea, Heterocapsa triquetra and Cochlodinium polykrikoides). Diets were analyzed for fatty acid content as an indicator of food quality. Depending on the diet, egg production of A. omorii varied over time, diminishing with some diets (S. trochoidea, C. polykrikoides, P. tricornutum). This rate of reduction was much more rapid for a diet of C. polykrikoides, which caused egg production to decrease to ca. 2.4 eggs f⁻¹ d⁻¹ in only four days. As for all diets, egg viability was high at the beginning but with the C. polykrikoides and P. tricornutum diets, it rapidly decreased with time. Fecal pellet production also varied with time, depending on the diet. Egg production rate was closely correlated with fecal pellet production. There was no direct relationship between egg viability and egg production rate, but both egg production and viability were affected by the nutritional quality of food. Egg viability was also highly dependent on the composition of fatty acids in the eggs. Egg viability showed positive correlation with the ratio of ω3:ω6 groups among egg fatty acids, and negative correlation with the ratio of 20:5 (n−3) : 22:6 (n−3). While comparing several diets, egg production rate was higher on diets (H. triquetra and S. trochoidea) containing ample amounts of essential fatty acids such as 18:4 (n−3) and 22:6 (n−3). The results suggest that fertility of A. omorii was dependent upon the quality of the food, and dinoflagellate diets, with the exception of C. polykrikoides, were preferable to diatom diets.     

A coastal acoustic tomography experiment in the Tokyo Bay

Eight sets of coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems were deployed during November 29 to December 10, 2002 at the coasts on both sides of Tokyo Bay to measure tidal current structures at 15-rain interval.Sound transmission across the Tokyo Bay (between Yokohama and Chiba)was successfillly traced,even under severe interference from ship generated wakes and bubbles.Tidal current fields changing from northward to southward flow are well reconstructed by the inverse analysis of travel-time difference data for a period with the best sound transmission condition. It is suggested that the CAT is the most powerful tool to continuously map tidal current fields in the coastal seas with heavy shipping traffic and fisheries activity.     

海捕大管鞭虾(Solenocera melantho)调理食品在常温保藏中的货架期预测及产品质量分析

本文测定了海捕大管鞭虾(Solenocera melantho)(又称红虾)调理食品在不同温度保藏中的细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、pH值及感官评价等参数。通过对虾肉色泽、组织质构、风味和外形四个方面的检测,综合各项指标决定将TVB-N作为该产品质量变化和推测货架期时长的关键指标。将各温度下测定的TVB-N值代入线性方程组计算出反应活化能E_a为55.21 k J/mol,指前因子k_0为1.08×10~9。利用Arrhenius方程外推法计算得出在20°C和25°C温度下TVB-N值变化速率常数分别为k_(20°C)=0.1405和k_(25°C)=0.2386,从而进一步确定该条件下保藏的理论货架期分别为153.6d和92.1d。经质构仪分析红虾虾仁的硬度与弹性变化,综合感官评定结果和其它测定值,确定海捕红虾产品在常温贮藏中的货架期为3个月。本研究为常温下红虾调理食品的保藏提供了理论依据。     

基于南海北部开放航次观测的2004—2005年次表层盐度异常特征与形成机制

基于2004—2013年的南海北部开放航次数据和1980—2010年Simple Ocean Data Assimilation（SODA）数据,发现南海北部次表层水体盐度在2004—2005年间盐度显著增大,相比于气候态均值分别增加了0.1和0.14,而且温盐特征曲线显示盐度增大的现象主要发生在150m以浅。2004年净淡水通量仅略低于气候态均值,2005年净淡水通量则明显高于气候态均值,因此净淡水通量不会是导致此高盐事件的有利因素。我们进一步通过块体简化盐度收支方程,定量评估盐度收支方程里中平流输运项（包括跨海盆经吕宋海峡的平流输运项和南海海盆内部南北海盆之间的平流输运项）的贡献。发现在2004年,通过吕宋海峡进入南海北部的盐含量输运显著大于气候态均值,是导致南海北部上层水体盐度迅速增大的主要原因。为探究2005年南海北部盐度持续增强的原因,我们进一步比较2004年和2005年的平流项演变,发现相对于2004年,虽然2005年吕宋海峡盐含量输运略低于气候态均值,但南海内部南海南北海盆间（通过18°N断面进入南海北部）的盐含量输运增强,即在2005年,海盆内部经向平流盐输运的贡献是促使南海北部上层盐度继续增强的关键因素。     

基于半参数模型的水位数据预处理方法研究

为消除压力式验潮仪数据因误差而存在的抖动现象,提出了利用半参数模型对水位数据进行预处理的方法。研究了半参数模型在水位预处理中的具体实现方法,并对处理后的数据在应用方面进行了数据实验。实验表明,半参数模型既能够剔除不合理观测噪点,又能够高精度拟合观测水位,利用处理后的数据确定的余水位以及潮汐比较参数更具备合理性,精度得到了提高。     

西沙珊瑚礁中青藏高原隆升的锶同位素记录

南海珊瑚礁记录了青藏高原隆升、古季风、南海板块的构造运动，火山喷发作用等方面的信息，是独特的古环境记录类型。本文着重探讨了上新世以来青藏高原隆升与西沙珊瑚礁海水锶同位素演化的关系，并建议大洋钻探计划在西沙珊瑚礁上钻探，系统识别和提取珊瑚礁中高分辨率的古环境记录。     

Laboratory Generation of Solitary Waves: An Inversion Technique to Improve Available Methods简

Solitary waves are often used in laboratory experiments to study tsunamis propagation and interaction with coasts. However, the experimental shape of the waves may differ from the theoretical one. In this paper, a correction technique aiming at minimizing the discrepancies between the two profiles is presented. Laboratory experiments reveal their effectiveness in correcting the experimental shape of solitary waves, mainly for low nonlinearities.     

日本广岛湾非潮汐的水位变化

Nontidal sea level changes generated in Hiroshima Bay of the Seto-Inland Sea in Japan are studied over various time scales, from the sub-tidal （2 d to 1 month） to inter-annual scales （〉2 years）. The total sea level variation produces a standard deviation （STD） of 12.5 cm. The inter-annual component of the sea level variation in Hiroshima Bay oscillates with a STD of 3.4 cm, forming a long-term trend of 4.9 mm/a. The STD of the sea level variation is 9.8 cm for the seasonal component （8 months to 2 years） and 4.7 cm for the intra-seasonal one （1 month to 8 months）. Significant sea level variations with a STD of 4.2 cm also occur in the sub-tidal range. Special attention is paid to the sub-tidal sea level changes. It is found that the upwelling and associated transient sea level changes generated along the north coast of Hiroshima Bay （opened southward） by the strong northerly wind, play a significant role in sub-tidal sea level changes. The transient sea level changes are over 10 cm in most cases when caused by typhoons that pass through the Pacific Ocean offthe Kii Peninsula, located at about 400 km east of Hiroshima Bay. Reasonable sea level changes are evaluated by the balance of pressure forces at the onshore and offshore boundary of the study domain.     

利用鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾油田沉积微相展布与演化规律分析油田开发调整方向

油田沉积微相的展布与演化规律控制着主要有利储层的分布,因而油田开发调整方向可根据这些规律来综合考虑。镇泾油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,该油田长6油层组属于浅湖背景下的辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,其主要沉积微相包括水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、席状砂、水下分流间及前三角洲泥。该区三角洲分布主要受控于两个大致平行分布的南西-北东向主河道,受基准面升降与沉积物供应的共同作用,三角洲演化呈阶段性变化,大致经历了初始发育期、繁盛发育期、间歇发育期、活化发育期等4个演化阶段,其中繁盛发育期与活化发育期的三角洲水下分流河道与河口坝砂体是主力含油储层。研究区辫状三角洲展布与演化的特点决定了今后油田开发的重点在西南部河道带两侧及东北部三角洲前缘的前端;而垂向上应以优先考虑三角洲繁盛发育期与活化发育期的叠加砂体厚度较大为原则。     

Spatial Variability of Zooplankton and Hydrological Indicators of the Waters of the Southern and Central Baltic Sea in Late Summer of 2016

Oceanology - The late-summer zooplankton features of the structure and distribution in the South Baltic and the Baltic Proper (deeps 55–215 m) in 2016 were revealed, taking into account...