新疆巴里坤矿区煤层气赋存规律及控气地质因素

新疆巴里坤矿区唯一含煤地层为下侏罗统八道湾组(J1b),根据煤层赋存状态可分为西区、中区与东区,通过对矿区大量钻孔数据和生产矿井实测资料的综合分析,基本查明矿区煤层气赋存状态为水平方向上从西到东呈阶梯状增长、垂直方向上随煤层埋深呈线性增长的赋存规律。矿区煤层气赋存受多种控气地质因素共同作用:稳定的沉积环境有利于成煤聚煤,为煤层气的生成提供了原始条件;后期的构造运动导致西部矿区煤层抬升露头,中东部矿区逆冲、压扭性断层发育,断层面的封闭性与构造煤的透气性共同导致煤层气在近断层处的应力集中带聚集形成气顶;地下水对游离态煤层气形成有效封堵,且随着煤层埋深煤层含气量有显著增大的趋势。上述控气地质因素共同造成巴里坤矿区煤层气赋存呈现西部逸散、中东部富集形成水力封堵-断层型煤层气藏。     

山东莱州新城金矿床流体包裹体

山东新城金矿是胶东焦家-新城成矿带上重要的蚀变岩型金矿床。矿体主要赋存在焦家断裂带下盘靠近主裂面的黄铁绢英岩和黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩内,严格受焦家断裂构造控制。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、自然金、银金矿和辉银矿等。区内围岩蚀变类型主要有黄铁绢英岩化、绢英岩化、绢云母化、硅化、钾化和碳酸盐化等,且矿化主要与黄铁绢英岩化和硅化关系密切。本次研究主要针对新城金矿床深部矿石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、单个包裹体成分激光拉曼光谱及氢、氧同位素分析研究。研究表明：该矿床深部矿石中纯CO₂包裹体数量有明显增加现象,同时发育含CO₂包裹体和气液两相包裹体;成矿流体具有低盐度(w(NaCl))（2.06%~10.24%）、低密度（0.54~0.97 g/cm³）的特点;主成矿温度为260~300 ℃,成矿压力为65~113 MPa,成矿深度为6.51~8.82 km。成矿过程中流体经历了CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系的不混溶作用。氢、氧同位素分析认为,成矿流体δD_SMOW为－75.1‰～－61.4‰,δ¹⁸O_水为4.80‰～6.40‰,并将新城金矿床与典型“焦家式”金矿床成矿流体特征及来源进行对比,认为新城金矿成矿流体主要以幔源流体为主。综合研究表明,新城金矿床成因类型为幔源流体参与成矿的中温热液脉型金矿床。     

四川甘孜甲基卡锂辉石矿矿产调查评价成果

项目组以专题研究为引领,利用遥感解译和地质填图→优选靶区→化探定性→物探定位→钻探验证等一套行之有效的找矿评价技术方法和流程,在甲基卡外围迅速找到了甲基卡隐伏稀有伟晶岩型锂矿床.新发现8条锂矿化伟晶岩脉,仅对其中X03脉钻探验证结果,显示为一条巨大的锂辉石稀有金属工业矿脉,新增氧化锂资源量64.31万吨,达到超大型锂矿床.与锂共生、伴生的铌、钽、铍、铷、铯等稀有金属及锡等品位可达到工业要求.总结本区的成矿规律和找矿标志可以用于指导其他靶区的优选,其成果对提升我国锂资源的保障程度具有重大的意义.     

The Distribution of Trace Elements-Organic Ligands in Seawater and Factors Influencing Their Complexation

Organic metal-binding ligands represent an essential role in the bioavailability of trace elements since they govern the species and sizes of those elements in seawater. The distribution and properties of organic ligands in seawater as well as the factors influencing their complexation abilities were summarized in this paper. Most organic ligands exist in the low molecular weight fraction, and their concentration nearshore is often higher than that of open ocean while the vertical distribution varies in different areas. The complexation of trace elements and organic ligands is influenced by several factors such as molecular weight of organic ligands, salinity, pH, biological activities and redox conditions. Ligand with a lower molecular weight usually represents stronger complexation ability, whereas the opposite seems to be true sometimes due to the specific affinity between some elements and ligands. Increasing salinity lowers the electrostatic repulsion among adjacent functional groups of ligands and thus decreases their complexing rate, yet increasing pH promotes the ionization of organic ligands and results in the formation of more complexes. The utilization of phytoplankton and degradation of microorganism release more low molecular weight organic ligands while more high molecular weight ligands are released from marine organisms under heavy metal stress. Therefore, sufficient significance should be attached to characterizing the structure and molecular weight of organic ligands and exploring the interaction between trace elements and organic ligands and the influence of related marine factors on their behaviors, which will certainly help us to understand the global biogeochemical cycles and ecological significance of trace elements.     

江汉平原西部浅层孔隙水水文地球化学特征

为了揭示地下水由江汉平原周缘向中心径流过程中的水质演化和复杂的水文地球化学作用,以江汉平原西部地区为例,通过数理统计、水化学、同位素地球化学、离子比值关系等方法,开展了江汉平原西部边缘地带浅层孔隙地下水的水文地球化学特征研究.结果表明:平原区孔隙水以HCO3-Ca·Mg型为主,丘岗区(丘陵和岗地)主要是HCO3-Ca·Mg型,少量为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型,还出现了HCO3·NO3-Ca·Mg型水,总溶解固体(total dis-solved solids,TDS)升高主要是由于碳酸盐岩的溶解;浅层孔隙水均来源于大气降水,蒸发作用对该地区孔隙水的影响较小;方解石、白云石和石膏的溶解主导研究区的水文地球化学过程,也是孔隙水中Ca2+、Mg2+的主要来源,Na+和K+的主要来源是阳离子交换吸附.     

新时代煤炭资源全生命周期地质保障技术体系

新时代对煤炭行业提出了新要求,带来了新挑战、新机遇。在总结煤炭学者最新研究成果的基础上,中国煤炭地质总局提出了煤炭资源全生命周期的自主论述,将新时代煤炭资源全生命周期划分为绿色勘查、绿色开发、清洁利用和恢复绿色四个阶段,探讨了各阶段地质技术的相互关系、技术重点与特征,构建了新时代煤炭资源全生命周期地质技术工作框架,展望了主要攻关方向,为促进煤炭行业“安全、高效、绿色、智能”发展提供了地质保障技术思路。     

利用井径资料预测鱼卡煤田东部勘探区七煤顶板的稳定性

在煤田测井中，井径的变化对其它测井参数是一种干扰，但利用井径的相对变化值（井径扩大系数），可有效地评估岩石的强度等级和可采煤层顶底板的稳定性。统计鱼卡煤田东部勘探区29个钻孔孔径的变化值，按岩石抗压强度划分原则，将其七煤顶板稳定性划分为5个等级，据此固定了该煤田七煤顶板稳定性分布图。     

Research on Dynamic of Terrestrial System of China: Academic Logic and Synthetic Scheme

Land surface, the environment where human survive and develop, is a synthesis formed with multi-scaled and multi-process interactions between natural factors. The terrestrial system, which is the core study field of physical geography, can be defined as the land surface synthesis with spatially ordered distribution and temporally dynamic balance. In the past century, natural variations and human activities have had profound influences on land surface. How they drove the changed interactions between land surface factors, and further altered the land surface pattern, are the frontier and basis for global change and geography studies. Based on the brief review of research on terrestrial system at home and abroad, the paper summarized the existing difficulties and problems, and then proposed the academic logic for studies of dynamic of terrestrial system. The research should be conducted following the logic of elements, patterns and dynamic, with emphasis on themes of processes and feedback, variation in regions and terrestrial system. At last, the synthetic scheme was designed for research on dynamic of terrestrial system. Aimed at innovation of regionalization methodology and detection on driving mechanism of dynamic of terrestrial system, the following four aspects should be included: Changes and interaction mechanism of key factors (i.e. water, soil, climate and plant) and their spatial-temporal variation; Quantifying the influences of factor interactions on regionalization formation and conversion; Quantified assessment on changing tendency and magnitude of land surface pattern under global climate change; Accomplishment of dynamic land surface pattern at different past and future stages. Correspondingly, the technical route should combine bottom-up and top-down methodologies, with field survey, earth observation, station monitoring and mathematical simulation to build the comprehensive database. Conducting research on dynamic of terrestrial system can be helpful for developing theory of integrated physical geography, deepening cognition on dynamic land surface pattern, and providing scientific basis for regional sustainable resources utilization and countermeasure establishment of climate change adaptation.     

广西大厂锡多金属矿区钙长石产出的地质环境及成因机制

本文对广西大厂锡多金属矿区容矿岩石内含有钙长石大晶体岩石的岩石学，钙长石的产状，钙长石及有关矿物的成分特征等作了较为细致的研究，对其自生成因的机理进行了探讨，阐明了成岩作用对矿床的形成有关重要的地质意义。     

南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究

文中对南京市大气降尘重金属含量水平进行了研究,从2006年12月起连续收集一年的大气降尘样品,分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se、Zn等11个元素。结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,南京市大气降尘中除Cr、Fe、Mn外的重金属含量总体明显升高。采用相关分析和主成分分析,对降尘重金属元素来源进行解析,认为有三种主要来源:一是As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Se与燃煤活动、汽车尾气排放有关。二是Cd、Ni、Zn、Mo可能与化学工业有关,但Mo还受工业活动、土壤颗粒物的影响。分析还表明,在化工业园附近的样点,这些元素含量普遍较高。三是Mn、Cr主要与土壤颗粒物有关(自然来源)。以Fe作为参考元素计算重金属的富集因子表明,自然来源的Cr、Mn具有较小的富集因子,而受工业活动影响的Cd、Pb、Se、Zn具有较大的富集因子。