数字倾斜仪资料质量跟踪与映震效能研究

通过跟踪分析湖州地震台数字化水管倾斜仪和垂直摆倾斜仪连续2年的资料质量,发现水管倾斜仪观测精度高于垂直摆倾斜仪,并且资料稳定性逐年提高。从映震效能看,水管倾斜仪同震响应幅度远大于垂直摆,水管倾斜仪的自振周期远大于垂直摆倾斜仪而接近远震面波的周期,形成谐振,但两者的同震响应时间相当。     

气象卫星风矢量BUFR编码

为了与国际接轨且满足气象卫星风矢量产品国际交流需求的不断增长,开发了WMO新模板的风矢量产品BUFR编码软件。编码过程中通过附加字段提供了质量控制信息,描述符由早期风矢量产品BUFR编码的18个激增至254个,BUFR报文提供的信息更加丰富。编码结果表明非压缩编码BUFR报文的长度是压缩编码BUFR报文的9倍;为了便于GTS传输,宜采用压缩格式BUFR编码。压缩格式的BUFR编码有较高的数据压缩率（约53%）,非常利于数据传输。     

2009年初内蒙古降水分布特征与成因

利用观测资料及NCEP再分析资料对2009年1—2月内蒙古地区降水异常的成因进行了初步分析。结果表明：2009年1—2月内蒙古西部、中部、东部偏南地区降水明显偏少,内蒙古东部偏北地区降水出现一定程度的增加。500 hPa高度距平特征表现为：以45°N为界,其南北两侧分别为正负距平区。这一环流特征是导致内蒙古东部偏北地区降水增多的原因之一,但对内蒙古中西部及东部偏南地区的降水异常并没有决定性的影响。内蒙古中部地区湿度条件和动力抬升条件均不利于降水,因而形成异常干旱;内蒙古东部偏南地区动力抬升条件有利于降水,但湿度条件不利于降水,实况降水的减少表明湿度条件是影响该地区降水的关键因素;内蒙古东北部地区湿度条件接近常年,而动力抬升条件明显有利于降水,因而导致降水增多。     

风云三号气象卫星汇集软件容错设计和实现

汇集软件是风云三号气象卫星计算机与网络系统的重要组成部分,在实际运行过程中发现汇集数据偶尔会掺杂异常数据,异常数据的出现不仅影响处理后0级数据的正确性,而且影响软件稳定运行,因此进行了简单实用的容错设计采用滑动检测的方式进行异常数据的判识、分类和处理,并在业务系统中加以实现。实际运行效果证明,这种容错方法能够有效的发现和判识多种数据异常,并能分类进行处理,从而显著提高了汇集软件的容错能力。     

气象灾害应急管理能力评价

建立气象灾害应急能力评价指标体系对增强应对气象灾害管理能力和提高灾害的应急响应能力有重要的意义。从系统理论的角度出发,基于气象灾害应急管理的特征和结构的分析,运用层次分析法原理,构建了由气象灾害预警防御能力、政府组织能力、支撑保障能力3个1级指标和15个2级指标组成的气象灾害应急管理能力的评价指标体系,可为提高气象灾害应急管理能力和防灾减灾提供科学依据。     

河南一次大范围强风暴天气特征综合分析

利用常规和加密实时探测资料,对河南一次大范围强风暴天气过程进行了综合分析,结果表明:这是一次东北冷涡稳定维持,河南受强西北气流影响下的一次大范围强对流天气.高空冷平流,近地面层有暖中心,大的对流有效位能是强风暴天气发生的不稳定层结条件;地面辐合线后东路弱冷空气扩散是强天气的触发机制.中等到强的垂直风切变有利于对流风暴的...     

The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province,China, and resulting geohazards

On Monday, May 12, 2008, a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area, northwestern Sichuan Province, China. The focal mechanism of the earthquake was successive massive rock fracturing 15 km in depth at Yingxiu. Seismic analysis confirms that the major shock occurred on the Beichuan–Yingxiu Fault and that aftershocks rapidly extended in a straight northeast–southeast direction along the Longmenshan Fault zone. Fatalities approaching a total of 15,000 occurred, with a significant number resulting from four types of seismically triggered geohazards—rock avalanches and landslides, landslide-dammed lakes (“earthquake lakes”), and debris flows. China Geological Survey has identified 4,970 potentially risky sites, 1,701 landslides, 1,844 rock avalanches, 515 debris flows, and 1,093 unstable slopes. Rock avalanches and landslides caused many fatalities directly and disrupted the transportation system, extensively disrupting rescue efforts and thereby causing additional fatalities. Landslide-dammed lakes not only flooded human habitats in upstream areas but also posed threats to potentially inundated downstream areas with large populations. Debris flows become the most remarkable geohazards featured by increasing number, high frequency, and low triggering rainfall. Earthquake-triggered geohazards sequentially induced and transformed to additional hazards. For example, debris flows occurred on rock avalanches and landslides, followed by landslide-dammed lakes, and then by additional debris flows and breakouts of the landslide-dammed lakes and downstream flooding. Earthquake-induced geohazards occurred mainly along the fault zone and decreased sharply with distance from the fault. It can be anticipated that post-earthquake geohazards, particularly for debris flows, will continue for 5–10 years and even for as long as 20 years. An integrated strategy of continuing emergency response and economic reconstruction is required. The lesson from Wenchuan Earthquake is that the resulted geohazards may appear in large number in active fault regions. A plan for geohazard prevention in the earthquake-active mountainous areas is needed in advance.     

LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Fine-grained Granite and Molybdenite?Re-Os?Dating in the Wurinitu Molybdenum Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Wurinitu molybdenum deposit, located in Honggor, Sonid Left Banner of Inner Mongolia, China, is recently discovered and is considered to be associated with a concealed fine-grained granite impregnated with molybdenite.?The wall rocks are composed of Variscan porphyritic-like biotite granite and the Lower Ordovician Wubin’aobao Formation.?LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the fine-grained granite reveals two stages of zircons,?one were formed at 181.7±7.?4 Ma and?the other at 133.6±3.3 Ma. The latter age is believed to be the formation age of the fine-grained granite, while the former may reflect the age of inherited zircons, based on the morphological study of the zircon and regional geological setting. The Re-Os model age of molybdenite is 142.2±2.5?Ma, which is older than the diagenetic age of the fine-grained granite.?Therefore the authors believe that the metallogenic age of the Wurinitu molybdenum deposit should be?nearly 133.6±3.3 Ma or slightly later, i.e., Early Cretaceous.?Combined with regional geological background research, it is speculated that the molybdenum deposits were formed at the late Yanshanian orogenic cycle in the Hingganling-Mongolian orogenic belt, belonging to the relaxation epoch posterior to the compression and was associated with the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk?Sea.     

西藏嘎拉勒夕卡岩型金（铜）矿床地球化学特征与锆石的LA-ICP-MS定年及意义

嘎拉勒金（铜）矿床位于西藏班公湖—怒江缝合带的西段,为夕卡岩型金（大型）铜（小型）矿床。矿区主要岩石为巨斑状石英闪长岩、中细粒花岗闪长岩与闪长玢岩。该矿床岩石样品的REE分异程度较高,Eu呈弱负异常,w（Al2O3）为14.45%～15.84%,铝过饱和指数A/CNK为1.33～1.46,均大于1,表明为S型花岗岩。经...     

中坝制盐遗址的孢粉分析与古植被、古环境

考古证据表明,距今4000多年以前,重庆三峡地区的中坝遗址就开始了规模性的盐业生产.为了解盐业生产的环境背景及其影响,在中坝遗址厚达12.5m的文化堆积层进行了孢粉取样和分析.AMS 14C测年结果显示,这些样品分别来自新石器时代晚期(4420～3700aB.P.)、商至西周(3550～2700aB.P.)和东周(27...