五株微囊藻毒素降解菌的分离与鉴定

有毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素导致地表水的污染已是全球普遍的现象,最常见的毒素是能导致肝癌的肝毒素微囊藻毒素(MC),迄今为止尚无适用的MC驱除技术,微生物降解MC可能是一条有效的途径．本研究以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806)所产生的MC为底物,从多个形成微囊藻水华的水体中分离获得能显著降解MC的细菌18株,相对降解能力从18．4％到48．2％．对其中5株MC相对降解能力较强的菌,通过形态特征和生理生化特征分析,鉴定出5株菌分别为:不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和弗拉特氏菌属(Frateuria),均不同于已报道的属种．     

鄱阳湖湿地土壤微生物活性对年际水文变化的响应

湿地自然水文节律的改变影响着湿地生态系统的稳定与安全.为探究湿地水文变化对土壤微生物活性的影响,以鄱阳湖洲滩湿地3种典型植被狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、南荻（Triarrhena lutarioriparia）和苔草（Carex cinerascens）下表层土壤（0~20 cm）为研究对象,对湿地土壤微生物呼吸、微生物生物量和水解酶等土壤活性特征进行连续3年的实验监测,分析年际水位变化对不同植被湿地土壤微生物活性的影响.结果表明：丰水年显著提高土壤中养分的可利用性（有机质、总磷、速效磷）,提高土壤微生物生物量、微生物熵、水解酶活性,表明丰水年有利于湿地生态系统的物质循环转化.水文条件也能通过影响湿地植被生长改变土壤养分状况,进而对植被下土壤微生物活性产生显著影响.诸多土壤理化因子中,可溶性有机碳是驱动微生物活性变化最关键的因子.进一步分析表明,由植被类型所代表的长期水文累积效应对湿地土壤理化及微生物活性的调节作用大于单纯的年际水文变化.     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

在对中坝和玉溪遗址考古断代和AMS14C 测年基础上, 根据对中坝遗址201 个地层样品ICP 等离子发射光谱的Na、Ca、Mg 元素测定及玉溪遗址47 个地层样品的Na、Ca 元素测 定, 发现中坝制盐遗址地层中存在明显的Na、Ca 元素含量反向相关期有35 处之多, 即: 当Ca 元素为峰值时, Na 元素为谷值, 反之亦然。其中, Ca 元素为峰值、Na 元素为谷值的反向相关期有21 次, 揭示出中坝遗址近5 ka 来制盐业有过近21 个兴盛期。另有14 个Na 元素为 峰值、Ca 元素为谷值的反向相关期, 揭示中坝遗址近5 ka 来制盐业也有过近14 个衰落期。考古发掘得出的“中坝制盐业萌发于新石器时代、夏商发展、西周至汉代为鼎盛期、唐宋时代维持稳定发展、宋以后由于海盐进入川江地区导致中坝制盐业逐渐衰落、但20 世纪70-80 年代仍有生产”的结论证明本文Na、Ca 元素含量反向相关性得出的研究结果是正确的。以上研究结果表明, 中坝制盐遗址中Na、Ca 元素含量有明显的反向相关规律, 这一规律可以用于揭示盐业遗址的制盐业兴衰过程历史。     

东亚季风区地气系统的水平衡

本文利用欧洲中心ＥＣＭＷＦ１９８０～１９８９年１０年逐日资料及同期中国六大流域片的月径流量资料,用水平衡方法尝试了对东亚季风区进行蒸发估算、土壤和地下水含量估算及总的水量平衡分析。结果表明：全国陆地降水在７月份最大,平均约为９５ｍｍ,蒸发的最大值（８０ｍｍ）比其滞后１个月出现。北方流域和南方流域的水平衡特征明显不同。南方流域降水始终大于蒸发,蒸发峰值比降水峰值滞后１个月,土壤、地下水含量盛夏或初秋开始减小;北方流域蒸发有时超过降水,两者的峰值同月出现,土壤、地下水含量初夏就开始减小。东北流域片的水平衡特点介于上述南、北方流域特点之间。计算误差中由水汽通量散度项的日变化引起的误差可能占总误差的５０％。     

一次雷暴冷出流中新生强脉冲风暴的分析

利用常规天气资料、多普勒天气雷达产品、SAFIR3000总闪电定位资料、加密探空资料和自动气象站资料,对2007年8月3日造成上海嘉定F1国际赛车场6号弯D2-D5号4个临时看台被吹翻的一次强对流天气过程进行了分析.结果表明:坡度较大的低压槽、较高的对流不稳定能量和较弱的垂直风切变条件下,地面风场辐合、海陆风锋和雷暴冷出流等的相互作用,导致了上海地区出现了多个强局地脉冲雷暴;F1国际赛车场致灾脉冲雷暴发生在前期雷暴的冷出流中,冷出流锋区与原边界层辐合线的碰撞是其触发的动力机制,较高的不稳定能量、充足的水汽和中低空的辐合上升导致该风暴强烈发展,造成了F1赛车场出现了13级大风和短时强降水;雷暴过程的总闪电活动分析表明:闪电活动的突然增强预示了该雷暴的爆发并开始进入减弱阶段.     

How the spatial distribution of grass contributes to controlling hillslope erosion

The aim of this study was to investigate how the spatial distribution of grass influenced run-off and erosion from a hillslope with loess and cinnamon soils in the rocky area of Northern China. We set up a trial to test the two soils with different treatments, including bare soil (BS), grass strips on the upper (UGS) and lower (DGS) parts of the slope, grass cover over the entire slope (GS), and a grass carpet on the lower part of the slope (GC), under simulated rainfall conditions. The results showed that the run-off coefficients for the loess and cinnamon soils decreased by between 4% and 20% and by between 2% and 37%, respectively, when covered with grass. Grass spatial distribution had little effect on the run-off, but more effect on erosion than vegetation coverage degree. The most effective location of grass cover for decreasing hillslope erosion was at the foot, and the high efficiency was mainly due to controlling of rill formation and sediment deposition. The soil loss from GS, DGS, and GC on the loess and cinnamon soils was between 77% and 93% less and 55% and 80% less, respectively, compared with the loss from BS. However, the soil characteristics had little effect on soil erosion for well-vegetated slopes. The results highlight the importance of vegetation re-establishment at the foot of hillslope in controlling soil erosion.     

Constraints on smoothness parameter and dark energy using observational H (z) data

With large-scale homogeneity,the universe is locally inhomogeneous,clustering into stars,galaxies and larger structures.Such property is described by the smoothness parameter α which is defined as the proportion of matter in the form of intergalactic medium.If we consider the inhomogeneities over a small scale,there should be modifications of the cosmological distances compared to a homogenous model.Dyer and Roeder developed a second-order ordinary differential equation(D-R equation) that describes the angu...     

基于城镇地籍数据库建立前的数据质量检查

采用MapSUV测绘和MapGIS平台建库的数据,主要有图形数据、属性数据和影像数据。在建库前根据全国和山东省第二次土地调查城镇建库标准,对每一类数据进行分析,针对其特点制定出检查的内容、方法和标准。经过检查的数据可以保证建立高质量的数据库。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部太原组砂岩中伊利石的特征及成岩演化

岩石学观察和X射线衍射分析表明,伊利石是鄂尔多斯盆地东北部地区上古生界太原组砂岩储层中分布最广、含量最丰富的黏土矿物。显微观察识别出下述几种类型的伊利石:碎屑伊利石、具蒙皂石转化特征的伊利石、交代长石的伊利石、具高岭石过渡形貌的伊利石以及其他的自生伊利石。根据研究区太原组浅海沉积背景以及砂岩样品的组构、矿物学特征,认为一部分伊利石的成因与浅埋藏开放体系中大量外部来源的钾有关。而太原组砂岩中高岭石在数量上的缺失以及相关的岩相学特征则表明大部分伊利石应来自于深埋藏条件下钾长石与高岭石之间的反应。该过程是受到热力学与动力学控制的,早成岩期高K+/H+活度比的流体对钾长石的保存、伊利石化作用发生前长石向高岭石的转化以及相对较高的地层温度是其重要的控制条件。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000345

Holocene environmental change and environmental archaeology are important components of an international project studying the human-earth interaction system.This paper reviews the progress of Holocene environmental change and environmental archaeology research in the Yangtze River Valley over the last three decades,that includes the evolution of large freshwater lakes.Holocene transgression and sea-level changes,Holocene climate change and East Asian monsoon variation,relationship between the rise and fall of primitive civilizations and environmental changes,cultural interruptions and palaeoflood events,as well as relationship between the origin of agriculture and climate change.These research components are underpinned by the dating of lacustrine sediments,stalagmites and peat to establish a chronology of regional environmental and cultural evolution.Interdisciplinary and other environment proxy indicators need to be used in comparative studies of archaeological site formation and natural sedimentary environment in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley.Modern technology such as remote sensing,molecular bioarchaeology,and virtual reality,should be integrated with currently used dating,geochemical,sedimentological.and palaeobotanical methods of analysis in environmental archaeology macro- and micro-studies,so as to provide a greater comprehensive insight into Holocene environmental and cultural interaction and change in the Yangtze River Valley area.