基于动力触探的钙质土相对密实度研究

圆锥动力触探试验(DCPT)是一种用来预测地基土相对密实度的方法。然而,现有的预测公式主要针对石英土。为解决这一问题,通过现场以及室内模型试验,得到了轻型动力触探贯入指标与钙质土相对密实度之间的关系。可知相比于石英土,粒径对钙质土贯入指标的影响较为显著。若采用现有公式计算钙质土的相对密实度,得到的数值偏大,结果偏于危险。为了便于工程应用,基于Butterfield改进的量纲分析理论,建立了一种可将不同形式DCPT的贯入指标进行相互转化的方法,实现了轻型与重型动力触探指标之间的相互转换,进而得到了重型动力触探贯入指标与钙质土相对密实度之间的关系。根据现场重型动力触探试验数据可知,上述关系的计算结果与现场实测结果吻合良好。     

Soil erosion monitoring and its implication in a limestone land suffering from rocky desertification in the Huajiang Canyon, Guizhou, Southwest China

Over the past decades, the vast limestone mountain areas in southwestern China have suffered greatly from karst rocky desertification (KRD), which is a unique type of desertification caused by irrational land-use practices and has drawn increasing attention of international academic community. Characterizing soil erosion in this region is the key to understanding the escalating KRD problem and finding solution to it. The authors applied leveling method to study soil erosion process in the Huajiang Karst Canyon area between 1999 and 2003, and tried to relate it to KRD expansion. The monitoring data indicate that soil in the study area was losing at an alarming rate, which is much higher than soil formation rate and has already resulted in severe KRD problem. Soil loss under different land-use conditions varied greatly during the monitoring period. The highest soil erosion rate occurred in bare and newly abandoned cropland, followed by sparse grass land, forest land, and dense grass land. In addition, soil erosion could be significantly different under different micro-topographic conditions. Because soil erosion rate in the studied karst mountain areas is surprisingly high, it is urgent to take quick actions to fight against the ongoing KRD problems in Southwest China before an irreversible situation occurs. However, the traditional way to combat KRD by abandoning current cropland needs to be carefully reconsidered, since a bare newly abandoned cropland may suffer more from rapid soil loss than before.     

通化市浑江煤田义兴屯—二道沟矿区主要威胁采矿的水来源分析

吉林省通化市浑江煤田义兴屯—二道沟矿区主要水的来源有地表水、第四系孔隙水、裂隙水、岩溶水和生产矿井和老窑水,通过对该区地表水及含水层的分析,构成该矿区最大威胁的水为附近有生产井的老窑。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Subduction-related Rocks with High Sr/Y Ratios in the Zedong Area: Implications for the Magmatism in Southern Lhasa Terrane during Late Cretaceous

The southern Lhasa Terrane is famous for its huge magmatic belt which records the magmatism during Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Although the Mesozoic continental-margin setting in the southern Lhasa Terrane has been identified,details of this tectonic setting and the evolution history during the Late Cretaceous remain unclear. To further constrain these issues,we present zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb,Hf isotopic and geochemical data of the Gongbari dacites(of the Sangri Group) which intruded by Paleocene granodiorites from the eastern part of the southern Lhasa Terrane,Tibet. New age data indicate that the dacites were generated at ~95.4 Ma,which suggests the Sangri Group volcanism may last to Late Cretaceous. The Gongbari dacites are characterized by high Sr(428–758 ppm) contents,low concentration of heavy rare earth elements and Y(e.g. Yb=0.78–1.14 ppm; Y=8.85–11.4 ppm) with high Sr/Y(41.91–67.59) and La/Yb(22.64–30.64) ratios,similar to those of adakite. The rocks are calc-alkaline,metaluminous,enriched in LILEs,depleted in HFSEs,and have positive εHf(t) values(+7.7 to +11.6). The Gongbari dacites were probably produced by partial melting of young and hot subducted Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust under amphibolite to garnet amphibolite-facies conditions. Though the Gangdese Mountains may have formed before Indo-Asian collision,the southern margin of Lhasa Terrane might not go through obviously crustal thickening during the northward subduction of NeoTethyan oceanic lithosphere.     

随钻测量信号中继器的设计与实现

为解决随钻测量系统信号在传输中衰减的问题,设计研制了随钻测量信号中继器,在钻孔到达一定深度测量系统信号衰减严重时,在两根中心通缆式钻杆间接入中继器继续测量,有效地解决了信号衰减问题,增强了信号驱动能力,延长了信号的传输距离,保证了随钻定向测量系统的正常工作。     

复杂电性结构大地电磁二维响应特征

为了改进计算区域离散化问题,本文利用自适应非结构化网格有限单元法求解二维地电结构下大地电磁场满足的加权余量表达式。在有限元求解电磁场的过程中,网格剖分越精细、计算精度越高,计算量也会越大。此外,结构化网格难以适应任意地形以及复杂地质构造。而自适应非结构化网格在电性变化剧烈的区域会自动加密,在电性缓变的区域则生成粗疏的网格,从而优化网格质量与数量。因此,文中引入COMSOL Multiphysics软件,以实现若干地电模型的构建及非结构化自由四边形单元网格化。将网格数据信息导入本文算法,计算大地电磁场响应,并与解析解及数值解对比。结果表明,基于非结构化网格的正演模拟精度高、适应性强,为计算区域网格化提供了新的方法。     

基于优化-模拟技术的生态库容

为发挥水库在水资源开发利用与河流生态环境问题之间的协调作用,以丹江口水库为例,探讨了综合利用水库生态库容划分方法。以丹江口水库下游襄阳和仙桃为控制断面,采用Tennant法计算下游河道生态流量的参考值。在考虑丹江口水库的防洪、生态、供水、调水、发电、航运等综合任务和汉江中下游水量联系的基础上,建立了综合利用水库的生态库容优化模型,拟定了4组调度规则,应用自适应遗传算法和模拟调度方法进行求解。计算结果表明:设置生态库容后的调度图能较好地满足控制断面对生态流量的需求,获得较佳综合利用效益。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部差异隆升过程裂变径迹分析

基于磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)的分析方法,探讨鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘差异隆升过程及其隆升强度,为鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘(晋西挠摺带府谷—吴堡区段)构造演化历史及其与多种能源矿产耦合关系提供新的认识。不同构造单元及其不同层系样品的AFT分析表明:研究区北段府谷—兴县地区构造抬升相对较早,且经历了白垩纪晚期(86~56Ma)和古近纪(44~37 Ma)两次隆升过程,平均隆升速率分别为24.5 m/Ma和41.8 m/Ma;研究区中段紫金山地区抬升相对较晚,主控构造事件发生在晚白垩世末期—古近纪早期(68~56 Ma)和古近纪中晚期(35 Ma),平均隆升速率分别为48.8 m/Ma和49.2 m/Ma;研究区南段临县—吴堡地区抬升最晚(35~21 Ma),平均隆升速率为73.9 m/Ma。因此,鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘晚白垩世以来的差异隆升过程具有北段抬升早、中段抬升相对较晚和南段抬升更晚的特点,南北区段统一的强烈构造抬升活动主要发生在古近纪以来的晚近时期,且构造隆升强度由南向北逐渐减弱。结合已有的成矿(藏)年代学资料分析表明,鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘关键构造事件及其隆升强度与多种矿产耦合成矿(藏)事件关系密切,构造事件与成藏(矿)事件呈现出显著的协同耦合特点。     

松辽盆地宋芳屯油田扶杨油层储层成岩作用研究

宋芳屯油田扶杨油层储集岩主要为混合砂岩,泥质含量高、钙质胶结物含量较高。对储层的成岩序列进行了研究,储层大部分进入早成岩阶段B期和晚成岩阶段A期;主要的成岩事件有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用、交代作用等;压实作用是使孔隙降低的主要原因,钙质胶结物存在使孔隙空间进一步降低,骨架颗粒的溶蚀作用增加孔隙空间;扶杨油层储层敏感性主要有水敏、速敏和酸敏。     

陕北东部延长气区上古生界储层测井属性特征分析

通过岩心分析、测井资料综合解释和试井分析等手段,研究了陕北东部气区上古生界砂岩储层测井属性特征。研究区上古生界储层存在石英砂岩与长石砂岩两种类型,对应测井属性特征及其物性参数之间的关系、测井解释模型等均存在明显差异。针对岩屑砂岩渗透率约束困难的问题,提出了应用声波-自然电位曲线重叠图幅度以及不同探测范围电阻率曲线之间的幅度关系,综合反映砂岩储层渗透率及其变化特征的方法,进而分析了储层含气性的测井属性特征。