从地籍测量到土地资源调查——地籍测量课程改革的探讨

在分析了地籍测量课程的产生、作用及存在的问题后,针对土地资源调查其它方面工作的逐步开展,提出了将其内容扩充,改革为土地资源调查课程的必要性,重点探讨了土地资源调查的内容与技术及其课程的主要内容与体系。     

数字地图的分辨率

比例尺与分辨率是两个相似的概念,但比例尺通常被理解为缩小倍数,而分辨率则通常被理解为细节表现力或精细度。与纸质地图不同,地图比例尺的概念对于数字地图是没有实际意义的。所以用分辨率代替比例尺来描述数字地图较为贴切。数字地图的分辨率主要是说明地图中地理信息的详细程度、细致程度、精确程度和表达方式,数字地图的空间分辨率可用类似于比例尺精度的数字来表示。     

煤矸石场自燃治理注浆技术研究与工程实践

煤矸石场在自燃过程中会排放出大量有毒有害气体和烟尘,对周围大气和生态环境产生极大破坏。本文在分析研究区自然地理条件的基础上,通过钻孔注浆法对煤矸石场自燃进行治理,并对钻孔注浆法中的注浆液的材料选择和配制、注浆量和注浆参数的确定、注浆钻孔的钻进工艺、注浆工艺和治理效果检验方法等方面进行了深入研究,通过工程示范验证,取得了较好的自燃治理效果。     

西天山智博铁矿床磁铁矿地球化学及氧同位素特征

智博铁矿是阿吾拉勒铁铜成矿带成矿作用演化的典型代表。本文在详细的野外地质调查和室内研究的基础上,将该矿床的成矿阶段划为岩浆成矿期和热液成矿期两个期次,并将其矿石产状类型划分为块状矿石、浸染状矿石、角砾状矿石、网脉状矿石等。本文选取智博铁矿两期磁铁矿单矿物作为研究对象,通过其稀土微量元素及氧同位素等特征的研究来查明该矿床成矿物质特征及其来源。研究表明,智博铁矿的两期磁铁矿微量元素特征具有一定差异性,岩浆型磁铁矿相对富V、Ni、Ga等元素,而热液型矿石中相对富Co,贫V、Ni。两期磁铁矿单矿物稀土配分模式与矿区火山岩接近,暗示成矿物质与火山岩同源;Y/Ho比值接近球粒陨石,在Y/Ho-La/Ho图中和(La/Sm)_N-(La/Yb)_N图中,两期磁铁矿表现出同源性,暗示矿区内多数矿石的形成与火山岩浆作用有关。岩浆期的磁铁矿δ~(18)O值平均为3.4‰,与基鲁纳型铁矿和拉科铁矿的磁铁矿δ~(18)O非常接近;而热液期的磁铁矿δ~(18)O值平均为4.1‰,比岩浆期磁铁矿的δ~(18)O值范围更大些,可能与热液流体参入及矿物重结晶等因素有关。磁铁矿的地球化学特征及氧同位素均暗示智博铁矿矿石的形成主要与火山-岩浆活动密切相关,但也受到后期热液活动的影响。     

国内地学科普网络传播现状研究

本文运用统计分析方法,提取目前与科普网络传播以及地学科普网络传播相关的基础数据,运用地学科普网站网页评估卡,对国内各类科普网站进行了测评和分析。以期从公开获取的网络数据了解国内科普网络资源分布和地学科普网站的发展现状,为管理机构了解和指导科普网络传播以及地学科普网络传播工作提供依据。     

The impact of irrigation water supply rate on agricultural drought disaster risk: a case about maize based on EPIC in Baicheng City,China

This study presents a methodology for risk analysis, assessment, and combination of drought disasters under the different irrigational levels in Baicheng City, which is supported by run theory, copula functions, crop growth model, and technique of natural disaster risk assessment from the viewpoints of climatology, geography, hydrology, agricultural science, disaster science, environmental science, and so on. Along with the global warming, the occurrences of water-related disasters become more frequent and more serious. It is necessary to determine the laws of the relationship between irrigational ability and the loss caused by drought. Drought events were identified by using run theory; the drought frequency was calculated by using copula function; the loss of every drought event was simulated by using EPIC model; and the relationship curves under the different irrigational supply conditions between the drought frequency and the yield reduction rate of the drought event were fitted to assess the impact of irrigational supply rate on the loss caused by drought. The results show that in the range of crop water demand, the loss caused by drought decreases as the result of the increase in irrigational supply rate; however, their variations are not proportional. The loss caused by the certain frequency drought event under the certain irrigational supply condition could be calculated by the curve of drought disaster risk assessment constructed by this study. The results obtained from this study are specifically intended to support local and national governmental agencies on agricultural disaster management.     

全数字摄影测量系统VirtuoZo的应用

结合工作实践,介绍了全数字摄影测量系统VirtuoZo在数字化测图中一些新的应用方法。     

The performance of grass filter strips in controlling high‐concentration suspended sediment from overland flow under rainfall/non‐rainfall conditions

There is little information on the performance of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in filtering high‐concentration sediment from subcritical overland flow. Flume experiments on simulated grass strips were conducted using combinations of three slope gradients (3°, 9° and 15°), five 1‐m‐wide slope positions (from upslope to downslope), two flow rates (60 and 20 L min^‐1 m^‐1) and sediment concentrations of 100–300 kg m^‐3 under simulated rainfall and non‐rainfall conditions. The results showed that sediment deposition efficiency increased with VFS width as a power function. Rainfall significantly reduced sediment deposited within VFS. Higher sediment concentration corresponded to a larger sediment deposition load but reduced deposition efficiency. Flow rate had a negative effect on deposition efficiency but no effect on deposition load. Sediments were more easily deposited at the upper slope position than downslope, and the upper slope position had a higher percentage of coarse sediments. The deposited sediment had significantly greater median diameters (D₅₀) than the inflow sediment. A greater proportion of coarse sediments larger than 25 µm in diameter were deposited, and particles smaller than 1 µm and of 10–25 µm had a better deposition performance than particles of 1–10 µm. Rainfall reduced the deposited sediment D₅₀ at a slope gradient of 3° and had no significant influence on it at 9° or 15°. A higher sediment concentration led to a smaller D₅₀ of the deposited sediment. Rainfall had no significant effect on overland flow velocity. Both the deposited sediment load and D₅₀ decreased with increasing flow velocity, and flow velocity was the most sensitive factor impacting sediment deposition. The results from this study should be useful to control sediment flowing into rivers in areas with serious soil erosion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.