利用预测有机碳含量探讨鄂尔多斯盆地延长组有机质丰度空间分布及控制因素

为了快速查明鄂尔多斯盆地延长组有机质丰度的空间分布特征,选取盆地南部不同地区的5口典型钻井,通过基于测井数据定量预测有机碳(TOC)含量的快捷方法,评价了不同钻井区域长9段~长4+5段烃源岩的TOC丰度,并对其差异性分布的控制因素进行了探讨。结果显示,研究区西部和西南部延长组TOC含量以烃源岩评价标准中的"好"和"很好"等级为主,而盆地中部、东部和南部地区以"一般"和"好"等级为主。华池、合水和瑶曲地区有机质富集层主要集中在长7段,达到"很好"烃源岩标准的连续厚度约30m,志丹地区有机质富集层集中在长9段,达到"很好"等级的连续烃源岩厚约20m,它们形成于延长组层序Ⅰ或层序Ⅱ的高位体系域中;而宜川地区不发育有机质富集层段。研究认为,沉积相的展布和演化是导致延长组有机质空间分布差异的主要控制因素,火山活动和沉积速率的变化加剧了有机质丰度的空间差异,而深部热流体活动和古气候条件等可能也是延长组有机质丰度差异分布的影响因素。     

Research on Water-Exit and Take-off Process for Morphing Unmanned Submersible Aerial Vehicle

This paper presents a theoretic implementation method of Morphing Unmanned Submersible Aerial Vehicle (MUSAV), which can both submerge in the water and fly in the air. Two different shapes are put forward so that the vehicle can suit both submergence and flight, considering the tremendous differences between hydrodynamic configuration and aerodynamic configuration of a vehicle. The transition of the two shapes can be achieved by using morphing technology. The water-to-air process, including water-exit, morphing, take-off and steady flight, is analyzed. The hydrodynamic and aerodynamic model of the vehicle exiting the water surface obliquely and then taking off into the air has been founded. The control strategy after morphing is analyzed and the control method is given. Numerical method is used to validate the motion model of the water-exit process. Results of simulations show the validity of the proposed model and the feasibility of MUSAV in theory.     

三江盆地下白垩统穆棱组页岩气成藏地质条件研究

采用有机地球化学分析测试、X衍射荧光分析、高压压汞、扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附等方法,对三江盆地下白垩统穆棱组暗色泥页岩页岩气成藏地质条件开展系统研究,研究结果表明穆棱组暗色泥页岩分布面积较广泛、累积厚度大、TOC含量中等,有机质主要处于成熟-过熟阶段,以Ⅱ2型干酪根为主,说明有机质已进入大量产气阶段;泥页岩中石英、长石及碳酸盐等脆性矿物含量较高;存在一定量的中孔、大孔和微裂缝,为低孔隙度、低渗透率的孔隙结构类型。据现有钻探资料,充分显示了下白垩穆棱组统暗色泥页岩较好的含气性,与美国主要页岩油气产区和中国发现的陆相页岩气层段相对比,三江盆地穆棱组各项参数达标,具有较好的页岩气勘探潜力。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤加减防治心绞痛的作用机制

目的：基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤加减防治心绞痛（AP）的作用机制。方法：采用TCMSP数据库获取瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤加减的活性成分及靶点,并通过文献检索进行补充。采用Cytoscape软件构建药物-成分-靶点网络模型。采用DrugBank、GeneCards、OMIM、DisGeNET数据库筛选AP的关键靶点,与药物成分靶点取交集获取潜在基因作用靶点。使用软件的拓扑分析插件筛选核心成分与作用靶点。利用STRING数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络。对成分-疾病交集靶点进行基因本体（GO）功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析。基于Autodock软件将核心成分与核心靶点进行分子对接验证。结果：共筛选到300个活性成分靶点,获取疾病靶点1216个,取交集获得潜在基因作用靶点124个,筛选出核心靶点30个,对应100个核心药物成分,发挥作用的核心成分为槲皮素、山柰酚等,核心靶点为肿瘤细胞坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1（Akt1）、前列腺素G/H合酶2(PTGS2）等。富集分析推测瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤加减主要经过癌症调节、脂质与动脉粥样硬化通路、流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化信号通路等20条相关通路发挥作用。分子对接结果显示瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤加减中槲皮素、山柰酚与TNF、Akt1结合性较好。结论：瓜蒌薤白桂枝汤加减可能通过核心成分槲皮素与山柰酚、核心靶点TNF、Akt1,经由脂质与动脉粥样硬化信号通路、流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化信号通路发挥防治AP的作用。     

Dehydration of clastic sediments in subduction zones: Theoretical study using thermodynamic data of minerals

Pseudosections for two sediments and one basalt calculated in the system K₂O–Na₂O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–SiO₂–H₂O for the P–T range 10 to 35 kbar, 300 to 900°C give useful insights into the amount of H₂O released from oceanic crust in subduction zones. In cold subduction zones (20 kbar–300°C to 35 kbar–500°C) hydrous minerals storing 3 to 4 wt% H₂O are still present in metasediments at depths of 120 km. In the same environment, metabasite releases 1 wt% H₂O in the depth range 100 to 120 km, but 4.5 wt% H₂O is transported to greater depths. In hot subduction zones (300°C hotter than the cold subduction zone at 100 km depth), dehydration events of metasediments in the depth range 50 to 80 km correspond to the breakdown of chlorite and paragonite. In the calculations no further water is released at greater depths because the modal content of phengite, the only hydrous mineral phase at these depths, remains almost constant. For the same P–T path, metabasite shows continuous dehydration between 40 and 80 km releasing almost 3 wt% H₂O. At 120 km depth less than 0.4 wt% of H₂O remains. In an average modern subduction zone (～6°C/km) most dehydration of sediments occurs at depths of 70 to 100 km and that of basalts at depths of 80 to 120 km. Only 1.3 wt% H₂O in metasediments and 1.6 wt% H₂O in metabasalt has the potential to be subducted to depths greater than 120 km. The dehydration behavior of sediments concurs with the generally held idea that subduction zone fluids are most effectively transported to great depths by cold subduction. In hot subduction zones, such as those characteristic of early Earth, most H₂O carried by oceanic crust is liberated at depths less than 120 km and, thus, would not contribute to island‐arc magmatism.     

辽宁阜新井水温破年变与加速下降原因分析

阜新井水温于2015年8月出现破年变变化,至2016年3月水温出现加速下降现象,最大降幅达7.2‰℃,距水温井约16m处的体应变井辅助水位亦出现同步下降变化。通过对水温井观测系统、区域地质特征和周边环境等进行调查发现,水温井东北约1km处的新打深水井大量抽水可能是造成水温及水位下降变化的原因。将新井抽水时间与阜新井水温及其他前兆测项观测数据进行对比分析,结果显示水温、体应变和钻孔水位等数据的变化与新打井在成因、空间、时间和强度上都存在明显的相关性。故阜新井水温及辅助水位同步变化为附近新井抽水干扰所致,排除为地震前兆异常的可能。     

2019年长宁M_S 6.0地震前后电离层垂直电子总含量（VTEC）异常扰动分析

2019长宁发生M_S 6.0地震,利用CODE全球电离层格网数据、中国地壳运动观测网络GPS数据、震中区域GPS数据,分别计算全球、中国区域垂直电子总含量(VTEC)异常分布及震中区域站点VTEC时间序列,揭示此次地震发生前后不同空间尺度电离层异常扰动变化。结果表明:地震发生前3天(6月14日),长宁震区上空出现连续电离层异常扰动现象,异常空间分布呈现向磁赤道偏移趋势。VTEC结果的时、空尺度变化反映,本次电离层扰动可能与长宁地震孕震过程有关,可为川滇区域临震电离层异常扰动监测及地震分析预报提供震例依据。     

漳州龙师井水氡观测恒温脱气方法实验

利用恒温水浴仪可以控制水氡样品的温度保持恒定,在恒温条件下进行脱气观测,可以保证水氡测值的稳定性。为验证该方法是否适用于漳州龙师井（水温年均值97℃）水氡观测,将同一水样,利用恒温水浴仪,将水温分别控制在20.0℃、22.5℃、25.0℃、27.5℃、30.0℃,进行一系列比测实验,结果表明：在25.0℃-27.5℃的恒温条件下,氡浓度测值更为稳定,变化更小,可进一步提高水氡观测的质量和稳定性,说明在龙师井采用恒温脱气方法是可行的。     

Resources and environmental systems management under synchronic interval uncertainties

Resources and environmental systems management (RESM) is challenged by the synchronic effects of interval uncertainties in the related practices. The synchronic interval uncertainties are misrepresented as random variables, fuzzy sets, or interval numbers in conventional RESM programming techniques including stochastic programming. This may lead to ineffectiveness of resources allocation, high costs of recourse measures, increased risks of unreasonable decisions, and decreased optimality of system profits. To fill the gap of few corresponding studies, a synchronic interval linear programming (SILP) method is proposed in this study. The proposition of interval sets and interval functions and coupling them with linear programming models lead to development of an SILP model for RESM. This enables incorporation of interval uncertainties in resource constraints and synchronic interval uncertainties in the programming objective into the optimization process. An analysis of the distribution-independent geometric properties of the feasible regions of SILP models results in proposition of constraint violation likelihoods. The tradeoff between system optimality and constraint violation is analyzed. The overall optimality of SILP systems under synchronic intervalness is quantified through proposition of integrally optimal solutions. Integration of these efforts leads to a violation-constrained interval integral method for optimization of RESM systems under synchronic interval uncertainties. Comparisons with selected existing methods reveal the effectiveness of SILP at eliminating negativity of synchronic intervalness, enabling risk management of and achieving overall optimality of RESM systems, and enhancing the reliability of optimization techniques for RESM problems. The exploited framework for analyzing synchronic interval uncertainties in RESM systems is helpful for addressing synchronisms of other uncertainties such as randomness or fuzziness and avoiding the resultant decision mistakes and disasters due to neglecting them.     

The boundary conditions for simulations of a shake-table experiment on the seismic response of 3D slope

Boundary conditions can significantly affect a slope’s behavior under strong earthquakes. To evaluate the importance of boundary conditions for finite element (FE) simulations of a shake-table experiment on the slope response, a validated three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear FE model is presented, and the numerical and experimental results are compared. For that purpose, the robust graphical user-interface “SlopeSAR”, based on the open-source computational platform OpenSees, is employed, which simplifies the effort-intensive pre- and post-processing phases. The mesh resolution effect is also addressed. A parametric study is performed to evaluate the influence of boundary conditions on the FE model involving the boundary extent and three types of boundary conditions at the end faces. Generally, variations in the boundary extent produce inconsistent slope deformations. For the two end faces, fixing the y-direction displacement is not appropriate to simulate the shake-table experiment, in which the end walls are rigid and rough. In addition, the influence of the length of the 3D slope’s top face and the width of the slope play an important role in the difference between two types of boundary conditions at the end faces (fixing the y-direction displacement and fixing the (y, z) direction displacement). Overall, this study highlights that the assessment of a comparison between a simulation and an experimental result should be performed with due consideration to the effect of the boundary conditions.