宇宙射线中子法土壤水分监测在不同生态系统雨季的适用性

宇宙射线中子法是目前测量中尺度土壤水分的一种新兴方法,通过监测近地表附近中子的数量来监测土壤含水率,理论探测深度12～76 cm。为了评估宇宙射线中子法土壤水分监测在草地、农田和林地3种不同生态系统测量深度适用性和对降水的敏感性。本研究分析了中国气象局自动土壤水分站观测数据和遥感土壤水分监测数据与宇宙射线中子法土壤水分监测数据差异性和相关性。结果显示,宇宙射线中子法土壤水分监测草地0～20 cm效果最优,农田和林地0～30 cm最优;在农田和林地生态系统土壤水分监测结果与自动土壤水分站点差异较小,优于遥感监测;但对于草地生态系统,宇宙射线中子法土壤水分监测结果与遥感监测结果差异比单点自动土壤水分站点监测更小,可能与草地土壤的强异质性有关。宇宙射线中子法土壤水分监测在草地、农田和林地生态系统均可以敏感的响应降水事件,较点尺度自动土壤水分站更易捕捉到区域水分的波动性变化。     

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Square Heaving Plates with Opening Under Forced Oscillation

The existence of the heaving plates can improve the heaving motion performance of an offshore structure significantly by providing both extra added mass and damping. In the current research, numerical investigation is carried out on the hydrodynamic characteristics of both isolated square heaving plate and double square heaving plates with opening by an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. The effects on hydrodynamic performance of plates due to Keulegan-Carpenter(KC) number, frequency number, opening ratio, opening distribution and spacing of plates are examined. It is found that the heaving plates with optimized opening ratio can provide additional damping compared with the plates without opening. Better hydrodynamic characteristics of double plates can be obtained with the increase of plate spacing.     

深吃水半潜式储油生产平台结构设计分析

以陵水17-2气田群开发为例,介绍具有储油和外输功能的半潜式平台在结构设计分析中的基本流程与方法。半潜式生产平台的结构设计分析流程为舱室划分、结构尺度规划设计、总体结构分析和关键连接部位的局部结构分析及特殊情况的结构分析。由于平台的储油和外输功能,平台设计压头和舱室布置等均与常规半潜式生产平台存在一定的特殊性。通过对流程和方法介绍,展现了各阶段设计中的具体方法和相应的特殊性。结果显示,通过特殊的舱室划分形式、结构设计和腐蚀余量考虑,平台结构能够满足储油和外输功能的要求。     

Archaeal community structure in sediments from a seamount in the Mariana Volcanic Arc

Seamounts are subsurface mountains in the ocean.Examination of the abundance and distribution of Archaea in seamount ecosystems may provide a better understanding of their ecological functions.Most studies of marine archaeal assemblages in seamount area have focused on hydrothermal vents or ferromanganese crusts.We investigated the archaeal communities from a seamount of the Mariana Volcanic Arc,in the tropical western Pacific Ocean by using high-throughput sequencing.Thaumarchaeota was dominant in the sediments of all sample stations.Community diversity and species richness were greatest at stations near the top of the seamount,and lowest at the deepest station.One sample station on the steep southeast slope that faced the Yap-Mariana trench had a unique composition of Archaea.In summary,depth has an important influence on archaeal community structure,and the geographic properties and sediment characteristics may explain the unique distribution patterns of Archaea in this seamount.This study provides a foundation for future research on Archaea in seamounts.     

硇洲马尾藻Sargassum naozhouense幼孢子体附着及原生态恢复

【目的】探究硇洲马尾藻(Sargassum naozhouense)幼孢子体附着的选择性及原生态位点固着人工藻礁对马尾藻海藻资源恢复效果。【方法】选用混凝土、黄泥砖、牡蛎壳、聚丙烯板、橡皮条、沥青等6种废弃物材质对硇洲马尾藻幼孢子体附着效果进行比较;将硇洲马尾藻于徐闻南山进行原生态位点投放,周年观察比较人工藻礁与自然藻礁生长差异,探究硇洲马尾藻资源恢复效果。【结果】(1)不同材质藻礁对硇洲马尾藻幼孢子体附着差异显著,附着效果依次为混凝土>黄泥砖>牡蛎壳>聚丙烯板>橡皮条,沥青完全没有幼孢子附着。(2)当年人工藻礁苗有性生殖苗较自然生态苗生长慢,第二年假根再生苗生长与自然苗生长无显著性差异。(3)人工藻礁苗成活率为29.2%,此后不出现消退死亡,并以假根再生维持种群的繁衍。【结论】混凝土是马尾藻原生态藻床恢复较理想的人工附着基,黄泥砖、牡蛎壳、聚丙烯板等废弃物也可用于天然硇洲马尾藻以及室内有性苗源的附着基。假根再生是马尾藻种群繁衍的主要方式,利用有性繁殖的幼孢子体附着于混凝土块上进行硇洲马尾藻原生态位点投放是短时间增加马尾藻资源的有效措施,可为硇洲马尾藻海藻资源恢复提供可行的方法。     

吉林省生态旅游与旅游环境耦合协调度的时空演化研究

构建生态旅游与旅游环境评价指标体系,运用熵值赋权法与综合评价法,测算了2006~2017年吉林省各地级市州生态旅游与旅游环境发展的综合评价指数,借助耦合协调模型测度吉林省各地级市州生态旅游与旅游环境的耦合协调等级与演化情况。研究表明：吉林省生态旅游综合发展水平地区差异明显,旅游环境发展呈现不均衡特征,发展层级的极化效应愈加明显; 生态旅游与旅游环境系统的耦合协调水平整体偏低,生态旅游与旅游环境子系统的耦合表现有所差异,旅游环境总体发展滞后于生态旅游发展; 2006~2017年吉林省生态旅游与旅游环境的整体耦合协调度均为濒临失调型和初级协调型,生态旅游与旅游环境的整体协同效应较前期有所减弱： ④ 生态旅游与旅游环境耦合的协调度与生态文明呈现正向关系,生态旅游与旅游环境的协调水平愈高,区域生态文明发达程度也较高。     

综合物探在中深层地热勘查的应用研究

重力异常是地层不同规模、形态以及埋深的非均匀地质体的综合响应,通过分析重力异常信息,可以探测区域地质构造、隐伏构造以及地层分布规律.在阐明区域地质概况及物性特征的基础上,针对城市特殊的场地环境及干扰因素,提出了以重力勘探法为主,地震方法为辅助手段的综合物探组合模式,并且研究了综合物探的可行性和互补性,通过实验数据和实际...     

Chaos in a Bose-Einstein condensate

It is demonstrated that Smale-horseshoe chaos exists in the time evolution of the one-dimensional Bose--Einstein condensate driven by time-periodic harmonic or inverted-harmonic potential. A formally exact solution of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation is constructed, which describes the matter shock waves with chaotic or periodic amplitudes and phases.     

Effects of several immunostimulants on phenoloxidase and hemocytes of the crab Charybdis japonica

To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inactivated Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocytes of Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yields and the enzymatic activities of purified PO in C. japonica increased significantly after the crabs were treated with immunostimulants, while the unit enzymatic activities remained almost the same. After treatment with β-1,3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the number of mitochondria in both semigranular cells and granular cells increased greatly, and the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased but with enlarged volume. However, the corresponding characteristics of hyaline cells remained almost the same. On the other hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the number of mitochondria of hyaline cells increased greatly, after treatment with inactivated vibrios. It may be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants on the innate immune system of C. japonica is different from that of inactivated vibrio immunostimulants. The immunity-enhancing mechanism of polysaccharides in crab autogenous immunocompetence is probably accomplished by the increased yields of PO and total PO activities, while that of inactivated vibrios is probably accomplished by the partially increased yields of PO and total PO activities as well as the significantly improved phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells.