Dimethylsulfide in the South China Sea

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南极罗斯海区域可培养微生物分离鉴定及产低温酶能力初步筛选

为了利用南极微生物资源、探索南极罗斯海区域可培养微生物多样性,利用传统平板培养法对中国第33次南极科学考察采自南极罗斯海6个站位的海洋沉积物样品进行了细菌、真菌的分离培养。经细菌16S rRNA、真菌ITS基因序列检测及系统发育分析,共获得5个属的36株细菌和6个属的29株真菌。其中嗜冷杆菌属为优势细菌类群,枝孢属为优势真菌类群。该结果表明南极罗斯海区域具有丰富的微生物多样性。细菌API 20 NE生理生化及真菌产胞外酶活性实验显示,分离得到的细菌和真菌绝大多数都有低温酶活性。研究结果为南极罗斯海区域可培养微生物的多样性认识和低温酶产生菌资源获取与开发利用提供了支撑。     

Object-based image analysis of suburban landscapes using Landsat-8 imagery

Many experiments of object-based image analysis have been conducted in remote sensing classification. However, they commonly used high-resolution imagery and rarely focused on suburban area. In this research, with the Landsat-8 imagery, classification of a suburban area via the object-based approach is achieved using four classifiers, including decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), random trees (RT), and naive Bayes (NB). We performed feature selection at different sizes of segmentation scale and evaluated the effects of segmentation and tuning parameters within each classifier on classification accuracy. The results showed that the influence of shape on overall accuracy was greater than that of compactness, and a relatively low value of shape should be set with increasing scale size. For DT, the optimal maximum depth usually varied from 5 to 8. For SVM, the optimal gamma was less than or equal to 10^?2, and its optimal C was greater than or equal to 10². For RT, the optimal active variables was less than or equal to 4, and the optimal maximum tree number was greater than or equal to 30. Furthermore, although there was no statistically significant difference between some classification results produced using different classifiers, SVM has a slightly better performance.     

High-efficiency 18S microalgae barcoding by coalescent,distance and character-based approaches: a test in Chlorella and Scenedesmus

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The relatively conserved 18S is often used in the phylogenetic analysis of microalgae. However, whether it can really help in barcoding microalgae needs to be...     

汶川地震前地震连续波形资料中的异常信号

以汶川地震震中距800 km范围内169个地震台站在震前40 d的连续波形资料为研究对象,分析其记录的可能异常信号,得到了两类比较明显、影响范围较大的震前异常信号,按照信号波形形态称之为：1）纺锤状异常。在约63%的台站中出现,持续时间1.5~2 d,振幅绝对值大多为1 700 count,优势频率约为0.2 ~0.3 Hz。 2）突跳异常。在约15%的台站出现,在南北分量出现较多,持续时间大多在2 000 s左右,振幅大多±2 000 count,优势频率约为0.1 ~0.2 Hz。分析异常机制认为,纺锤状异常可能与台风影响有关,突跳异常可能符合较新的孤立波前兆解释。该研究结果有助于深入了解地震孕震过程和地震前兆异常信号的捕捉。     

中国西部布格重力异常特征和地壳密度结构

本文是以地学断面、反射／折射地震和宽频地震资料为地壳密度模型初始约束条件,沿西藏噶尔—新疆布尔津、西藏亚东—内蒙古额济纳旗、新疆阿尔泰—四川成都等3条剖面做布格重力异常反演计算,模拟出中国西部地壳密度结构。中国西部地壳密度结构特征在南北方向存在巨大差异。以西昆仑一阿尔金一祁连山近EW向重力梯度带为界,地壳密度结构可分为南北两个大的密度结构单元,南部地壳密度结构特征为低密度、厚地壳;北部地壳密度结构特征为高密度、薄地壳;中国西部地壳处于地壳均衡状态。地壳上地幔密度不均匀性特征在纵向和横向上都是很明显的。青藏高原内部软流圈具有低密度特征,低密度软流圈产生向上的浮力是青藏高原重要的隆升机制之一。     

Effects of several immunostimulants on phenoloxidase and hemocytes of the crab Charybdis japonica

To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inactivated Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocytes of Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yields and the enzymatic activities of purified PO in C. japonica increased significantly after the crabs were treated with immunostimulants, while the unit enzymatic activities remained almost the same. After treatment with β-1,3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the number of mitochondria in both semigranular cells and granular cells increased greatly, and the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased but with enlarged volume. However, the corresponding characteristics of hyaline cells remained almost the same. On the other hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the number of mitochondria of hyaline cells increased greatly, after treatment with inactivated vibrios. It may be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants on the innate immune system of C. japonica is different from that of inactivated vibrio immunostimulants. The immunity-enhancing mechanism of polysaccharides in crab autogenous immunocompetence is probably accomplished by the increased yields of PO and total PO activities, while that of inactivated vibrios is probably accomplished by the partially increased yields of PO and total PO activities as well as the significantly improved phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells.     

琼州海峡内潮流场对冬季风浪场影响的数值研究

利用COAWST数值模式就琼州海峡内潮流场对冬季风浪场的影响进行了研究。经实测数据验证,模型可较好的刻画海峡内的强潮流场。选定东、西向最大潮流时刻为典型案例分别就水位场及潮流场对波浪场的作用展开探讨。在琼州海峡东口处,西向最大潮流时刻下的正水位场增加了承载波浪运动的有效水深,有利于波浪能量的西向传播,进而使得当地有效波高增加。东、西向最大潮流均有利于琼州海峡东口处有效波高的增大,但前者主要通过流致辐聚效应实现,而后者主要经由流致波数位移生效。通过流致折射作用,东向（西向）最大潮流可在海峡中轴线以北的海区引起谱峰波向的逆时针（顺时针）旋转,而在以南的海区触发顺时针（逆时针）旋转。     

基于谱分析的低频阴影检测技术

基于小波变换的瞬时谱分析方法,克服了传统傅立叶时频转换时的时窗问题,提高了地震资料频域内的分辨能力。通过谱分析方法的比较,介绍了瞬时谱分析方法比传统傅立叶变换的改进效果,以及利用瞬时谱分析方法在分频数据体低频部分识别富气层下方的低频阴影来综合预测储层的横向展布特征和含气性异常的检测。研究实例表明低频阴影检测技术可以作为一种储层预测和油气检测的有效辅助方法。     

青岛市城市污水处理厂污泥成分分析及利用方式初步研究

为确定青岛市城市污水处理厂污泥资源化利用途径，对三座典型污水处理厂的脱水污泥进行采样和成分分析。结果表明：所有污泥偏碱性（pH=8．68-8．81），含水率较高（70％-83％）；污泥中有机质、氮、磷、钾含量丰富；污泥中重金属和B的含量较低，均符合国家〈农用污泥中污染物控制标准）。这种污泥进行卫生填埋时，不仅浪费资源，还存在一定的安全隐患，施工难度大，渗滤液无法有效处理等问题。污泥焚烧则会产生含有致癌物的烟气，且处理成本昂贵。最为适宜的污泥利用方式是堆肥后作为林地、花卉的肥料。对于处理生活污水产生的污泥，则应首先提取细胞蛋白作为动物饲料添加剂，其余部分再作为肥料。