陆相湖盆沉积物滑塌变形研究进展

陆相湖盆中沉积物滑塌常造成复杂的同沉积变形,对确定古地震事件、古地形等有重要作用,系统研究滑塌变形体系有助于厘清变形成因、理解变形机理和深化区域构造背景认识。笔者等梳理国内外滑塌变形研究进展,总结沉积物顺坡滑塌的形成条件、滑塌变形特征,尤其是滑塌褶皱的形态演化、伴生构造、对古斜坡的指示、有关滑塌变形的物理模拟等,并结合野外变形成因的识别,探讨滑塌成因与后期构造成因变形的有效鉴别标志。综合分析认为,陆相湖盆滑塌变形与重力流沉积密不可分,单一滑塌体的褶皱形态从滑塌体后缘到前缘由圆柱状褶皱、紧闭等厚直立褶皱转变为蘑菇状褶皱,演化过程可划分为多个阶段。在滑塌褶皱中存在逆冲断层、碎屑脉体、不规则侵蚀面、软布丁构造等,引起滑塌变形的机制可分为应力作用机制和液化作用机制。物理模拟因其可改变材料物理参数的优势,可能成为未来滑塌变形的重要研究方向。指出在鉴别滑塌成因变形和后期构造成因变形研究中仍然存在较多争议,其中未固结沉积物的活化、再改造、生物扰动、液化现象的存在是确定软沉积物变形的关键,变形构造在大尺度、层系规模上具有相同的应力场并与区域构造背景相符合是后期构造成因变形的最有力证据。     

基于LSTM的青藏高原冻土区典型小流域径流模拟及预测

冻土覆盖率高的小流域的径流形成受温度因素控制明显,普通水文模型不适用,而常规冻土水文模型因需要较多的气象观测要素而难以应用。考虑冻土流域产流机制,利用青藏高原腹地风火山小流域2017—2018年逐日降水、气温、径流观测数据,以降水、气温为输入,径流为输出,基于长短期记忆神经网络（LSTM）建立了适用于小流域尺度的冻土水文模型,并利用2019年观测数据进行验证。模型得益于LSTM特殊的细胞状态和门结构能够学习、反映活动层冻融过程和土壤含水量变化,具有一定的冻土水文学意义,能很好地模拟冻土区径流过程。模型训练期R²、NSE均为0.93,RMSE为0.63 m³·s^-1,验证期R²、NSE分别为0.81、0.77,RMSE为0.69 m³·s^-1。同时,为了验证模型可靠性,将模型应用于邻近的沱沱河流域,模型训练期（1990—2009年）R²、NSE均为0.73,验证期（2010—2019年）R²、NSE分别为0.66、0.64,模拟结果较好。考虑到未来气候变化,通过模型对风火山流域径流进行了预测：降水每增加10%,年径流增加约12%;气温每升高0.5 ℃,年径流增加约1%;春季融化期、秋季冻结期径流增幅明显,而由于蒸发加剧、活动层加深,径流在8月出现了减少。模型经训练后依靠降水、气温作为输入能较好地模拟、预测青藏高原冻土区小流域径流,为缺少土壤温度、水分等观测数据的冻土小流域径流研究提供了一种简单有效并具有一定物理意义的方法。     

Anomozamites (Bennettitales) from Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation,western Liaoning,China

The Middle Jurassic Hangfanggou Formation is well exposed in Shangsanjiao and Xiasanjiao villages area,Baimashi town of Huludao,western Liaoning,China.Recently,abundant fossil plants were collected from the Hangfanggou Formation.One new species,Anomozamites sanjiaocunensis sp.nov.(Bennettitales),is described in this study.This is the first report of the genus Anomozamites from the Haifanggou Formation based upon the leaf morphology and epidermal structures.The discovery of the new species extends significantly the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Anomozamites in the Middle Jurassic.It also shows that Anomozamites was a common member of Bennettitales once lived in the Middle Jurassic warm temperate region.The new species also improves the knowledge on understanding the leaf morphology,epidermal features and the diversity of Anomozamites during the Middle Jurassic.The epidermal characters of the new species and its associated plants reveal that the plants grew in a warm and moderately humid environment in the warm temperate zone.The presence of some deciduous plants,such as ginkgoaleans,czekanowskialeans and conifers,indicate the climate with seasonal fluctuations in temperature.     

Speciation analysis of metals （Tl, Cd and Pb） in Tl-containing pyrite and its cinder from Yunfu Mine, China, by ICP-MS with sequential extraction

The speciation of heavy metals such as thallium, cadmium and lead existing in pyrite and pyrite cinder was analyzed by ICP-MS with a sequential extraction procedure. The distribution patterns of these metals including exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions were obtained. Tl, Cd and Pb in pyrite and pyrite cinder samples from each extraction step were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Under the optimized instrumental conditions, detection limits of Tl, Cd and Pb in different matrices were within the range of 0.006–0.07 μg/L, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.8% to 1.2%. The accuracy of Tl, Cd and Pb determination was checked by analyzing two certified reference materials. The results demonstrate that trace Tl, Cd and Pb in the samples can be accurately determined. The sequential extraction results revealed that the percent contents of Tl, Cd and Pb in exchangeable, reducible and oxidizable fractions in pyrite cinder are different from those in pyrite and in pyrite cinder. Tl, Cd and Pb mostly are distributed in residual fraction. Therefore, the mobility of metals in pyrite is higher than that in pyrite cinder. Although distributions of Tl, Cd and Pb in the non-residual fraction are not dominant in pyrite cinder, the total concentrations of them could not be ignored. Consequently, attention must be paid to the risk of potential pollution by pyrite cinder.     

胃平滑肌肉瘤的CT诊断

笔者报告４例胃平滑肌肉瘤的临床及ＣＴ表现。其中３例经手术病理证实，１例经胃镜活检病理证实。３例ＣＴ明确诊断，１例误诊。本文回顾性阅片并参考有关文献，介绍胃平滑肌肉瘤的影响像诊断，重点讨论其ＣＴ特征、ＣＴ检查限度及鉴别诊等问题，提出了胃部ＣＴ检查能对此病定性诊断并为临床治疗提供可靠的依据。     

辽西变质杂岩特征和变质作用的PTt轨迹

辽西早太古宙变质杂岩是由85%～90%长英质片麻岩(主要是英云闪长岩—花岗间长岩—花岗岩组合(简称TTG)的深成花岗杂岩)和10%～15%上壳岩(包括层状火山—沉积岩、脉岩及基性超基性侵入岩等)组成.斜长角闪岩和基性麻粒岩可与世界变质拉斑玄武岩对比.TTG岩石可能由中酸性岩浆与围岩熔融而成.麻粒岩相是中压区域高温变质作用的产物,变质作用的演化为退变质、近等压冷却(IBC)反时针型的PTt轨迹.     

基于WCSODS的小麦渍害模型及其在灾害预警上的应用

在WCSODS（小麦模拟优化决策系统）中增加了过量土壤水对小麦光合作用、干物质分配、叶片衰老等影响模块,实现了渍害条件下对冬小麦生长和产量的模拟。用试验资料和区域统计单产对模型进行了检验,结果表明:模拟误差在10%以内。灵敏度分析的结果亦表明:随着渍水持续天数的增加,小麦渍害加重,10 d渍水对产量影响不大,而30 d渍水可造成减产7%~32%;当渍水天数相同时,以孕穗期的渍害对产量影响最大;灌浆期、拔节期次之,冬前分蘖期的影响较小。这与当地小麦专家的看法相一致,说明小麦渍害模型具有一定的合理性。利用本模型和南京、南通两地的历史气象和产量资料,对大面积小麦平均单产进行了试预报,结果基本令人满意。     

一种利用Windows API 构建网格空间索引的算法

分析了目前常用的空间索引算法的缺点,提出了一种利用Windows API 提供的区域、路径、裁剪操作来建立网格空间索引的算法,对比实例证明,其具有简单易行,构建网格索引效率高、精度高等特点.     

新疆伊犁尼勒克县阿克托别克地区化石新发现及其地质意义

摘要：新疆尼勒克县阿克托别克地区一套红色含膏盐的地层过去未曾采荻化石，一直认为属新近纪上新世地层。最近采荻的半咸水双壳Acuticosta cf. cuspidate Huang,Sphaerium solidium Clessin,Sphaerium subsolidium Clessin,Sphaerium cf. subsolidium Clessin ,Pisidium cf. amnicum (Mueller)介形类、海百合茎、植物化石资料，证明该区红色含膏盐地层的地质年代为古近纪渐新世一新近纪中新世，其岩石地层单位与新疆天山地区的岩石地层对比划归乌恰群。